我正在尝试在python中实现Maybe monad。 然而,我也想要的是某种链接能力。
所以我有一个班级:
class Maybe:
def __init__(self, val):
self.val = val
def do(self, func): # Bind function
if self.val is None:
return None
else:
return func(self.val)
我有两个功能:
def double(number):
try:
result = number * 2
return Maybe(result)
except:
return Maybe(None)
def square(number):
try:
result = number * number
return Maybe(result)
except:
return Maybe(None)
以下是我如何使用它:
result = Maybe(5).do(double).do(square)
print(result.val)
我正在寻找一种链接多个函数的方法,每个函数执行一个特定的任务。每个函数都将前一个函数的输出作为输入。如果链中的任何函数抛出异常,链应该会中断。
这是对Maybe monad进行建模的正确方法吗?
这也是处理异常的正确方法吗?
可以改进吗?
非常感谢。
答案 0 :(得分:4)
以下是您要求的内容,让功能更清晰。还更新以正确捕获异常:
class Maybe:
def __init__(self, val, err=None):
self.val = val
self.err = err
def __repr__(self):
if self.err is not None:
return 'Maybe('+repr(self.val)+', '+repr(self.err)+')'
else:
return 'Maybe('+repr(self.val)+')'
def do(self, func): # Bind function
if self.val is not None:
try:
val = func(self.val)
except Exception as e:
return Maybe(None, e)
if not isinstance(val, Maybe):
return Maybe(val)
else:
return val
else:
return Maybe(None, self.err)
def double(number):
result = number * 2
return result
def square(number):
result = number * number
return result
result = Maybe(5).do(double).do(square)
print(result.val)
print(result)
result2 = Maybe('a').do(double).do(square)
print(result2.val)
print(result2)
打印:
100
Maybe(100)
None
Maybe(None, TypeError("can't multiply sequence by non-int of type 'str'",))
答案 1 :(得分:3)
这个问题已经得到解答,但我觉得使用Maybe monad的界面可以更具可读性。一个允许左右调用的接口,例如:
square(double(Maybe(5)))
此外,将Maybe类型返回给用户使用是很好的,这样他们就可以选择进一步链接而不是立即检索值。此功能类似于Swift的Optional类型。
class Maybe(object):
def __init__(self, val=None)
self.val
def unwrap(self):
return self.val
def calc(self, func):
try:
return func(self.val)
except:
return None
def double(number):
return Maybe(maybe.calc(lambda x: x*2))
def square(number):
return Maybe(maybe.calc(lambda x: x**2))
print square(double(Maybe(5))) # prints Maybe type
print square(double(Maybe(5))).unwrap() # prints '100'
print square(double(None)) # prints 'None'
异常没有存储在我的答案中,因为调用者希望maybe monad检查异常本身并在链接操作失败时转换为“nothing”(即None)。这允许用户使用链条在条件下轻松处理故障。
答案 2 :(得分:2)
它的缺点是它故意抑制错误,这在python中通常被认为是个坏主意。
但是,您可以捕获并存储Maybe
实例中发生的任何错误并将其报告回来。
例如:
class Maybe(object):
def __init__(self, val, error=None):
self.val = val
self.error = error
def __repr__(self):
if self.val is not None:
return repr(self.val)
else:
return repr(self.error)
def do(self, func):
if self.val is None:
return self
try:
return Maybe(func(self.val))
except Exception as e:
return Maybe(None, e)
def squared(x):
return x * x
def addone(x):
return x + 1
result1 = Maybe(5).do(squared).do(addone)
result2 = Maybe('a').do(squared).do(addone)
print result1
print result2
这会产生:
26
TypeError("can't multiply sequence by non-int of type 'str'",)
这类似于DanD的答案,但具有存储错误而不是完全抑制它的优点。
无论你如何切片,这个成语都会感觉有点“单声道”,但这是一种稍微强一些的处理方式。
答案 3 :(得分:2)
我可能会考虑一些调整:
Maybe
可以调用以消除do
。xs
和kws
,以防您的任何职能采取其他参数。例如:
class Maybe:
def __init__(self, val, error = None):
self.val = val
self.error = error
def __call__(self, func, *xs, **kws):
v = None
e = None
if self.val is not None:
try:
v = func(self.val, *xs, **kws)
except Exception as e:
pass
return Maybe(v, error = e)
def double(n):
return n * 2
def square(n):
return n * n
def multiply_by(n, by):
return n * by
def message(n, *xs, **kws):
return 'Message: {} {} {}'.format(n, xs, kws)
ms = [
Maybe(5)(double)(square),
Maybe(4)(square)(square)(double),
Maybe(3)(square)(square),
Maybe(7)(multiply_by, 3),
Maybe(9)(message, 1, 2, 3, foo = 'blah'),
Maybe('hi')(double)(square),
]
for m in ms:
print(dict(val = m.val, error = m.error))