我从高级Linux编程书中获取了此代码。当我尝试在Linux 64位环境下执行代码时,which_prime
函数调用后pthread_join()
变量的值被破坏(更改为0)。
在此示例中,为什么运行pthread_join后which_prime
的值会被损坏?
一般情况下,即使我们调用pthread_join()
之类的其他函数,我们也能在main内部安全地使用传递给pthread_create函数的第四个参数吗?
#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdio.h>
/* Compute successive prime numbers (very inefficiently). Return the
Nth prime number, where N is the value pointed to by *ARG. */
void* compute_prime (void* arg)
{
int candidate = 2;
int n = *((int*) arg);
while (1) {
int factor;
int is_prime = 1;
/* Test primality by successive division. */
for (factor = 2; factor < candidate; ++factor)
if (candidate % factor == 0) {
is_prime = 0;
break;
}
/* Is this the prime number we’re looking for? */
if (is_prime) {
if (--n == 0)
/* Return the desired prime number as the thread return value. */
return (void*) candidate;
}
++candidate;
}
return NULL;
}
int main ()
{
pthread_t thread;
int which_prime = 5000;
int prime;
/* Start the computing thread, up to the 5,000th prime number. */
pthread_create (&thread, NULL, &compute_prime, &which_prime);
/* Do some other work here... */
/* Wait for the prime number thread to complete, and get the result. */
pthread_join (thread, (void*) &prime);
/* Print the largest prime it computed. */
printf(“The %dth prime number is %d.\n”, which_prime, prime);
return 0;
}
答案 0 :(得分:4)
我们已经到达了int
和pointer
之间转换不再安全的时间点。那是因为有64位系统,其中指针是64位,但int
只有32位。
假设有32位int
和64位指针,那么您的代码中会发生什么。 pthread_join
的第二个参数是指向指针的指针。换句话说,您应该传递指针的地址(64位值的地址)。而是传递prime
的地址(32位值的地址)。当pthread_join
写入结果时,它会覆盖which_prime
,因为which_prime
跟在内存中的prime
。
要解决此问题,您需要避免在int
和指针之间进行转换。一种方法是避免使用pthread_join
的第二个参数,如以下代码所示。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#define NUM_THREADS 20
typedef struct
{
int success;
int input;
int output;
} stData;
void *doSomething( void *arg )
{
stData *dataptr = arg;
dataptr->success = 1;
dataptr->output = dataptr->input * 2;
return NULL;
}
int main( void )
{
int i;
pthread_t id[NUM_THREADS];
stData data[NUM_THREADS] = {{0}};
for ( i = 0; i < NUM_THREADS; i++ )
{
data[i].input = i + 1;
pthread_create( &id[i], NULL, doSomething, &data[i] );
}
for ( i = 0; i < NUM_THREADS; i++ )
{
pthread_join( id[i], NULL );
if ( data[i].success )
printf( "thread %2d: input=%2d output=%2d\n", i+1, data[i].input, data[i].output );
else
printf( "thread %2d: failed\n", i+1 );
}
return 0;
}