Question

我有一个文本格式的大型数据文件，我希望通过指定每个列长度将其转换为csv。

列数= 5

列长

[4 2 5 1 1]

样本观察：

aasdfh9013512
ajshdj 2445df

预期产出

aasd,fh,90135,1,2
ajsh,dj, 2445,d,f

Answer 1

GNU awk（gawk）直接用FIELDWIDTHS支持这一点，例如：

gawk '$1=$1' FIELDWIDTHS='4 2 5 1 1' OFS=, infile

输出：

aasd,fh,90135,1,2
ajsh,dj, 2445,d,f

Answer 2

我会使用sed并捕获具有给定长度的组：

$ sed -r 's/^(.{4})(.{2})(.{5})(.{1})(.{1})$/\1,\2,\3,\4,\5/' file
aasd,fh,90135,1,2
ajsh,dj, 2445,d,f

Answer 3

如果还有人在寻找解决方案，我在python中开发了一个小脚本。它很容易使用，只要你有python 3.5

https://github.com/just10minutes/FixedWidthToDelimited/blob/master/FixedWidthToDelimiter.py

  """
This script will convert Fixed width File into Delimiter File, tried on Python 3.5 only
Sample run: (Order of argument doesnt matter)
python ConvertFixedToDelimiter.py -i SrcFile.txt -o TrgFile.txt -c Config.txt -d "|"
Inputs are as follows
1. Input FIle - Mandatory(Argument -i) - File which has fixed Width data in it
2. Config File - Optional (Argument -c, if not provided will look for Config.txt file on same path, if not present script will not run)
    Should have format as
    FieldName,fieldLength
    eg:
    FirstName,10
    SecondName,8
    Address,30
    etc:
3. Output File - Optional (Argument -o, if not provided will be used as InputFIleName plus Delimited.txt)
4. Delimiter - Optional (Argument -d, if not provided default value is "|" (pipe))
"""
from collections import OrderedDict
import argparse
from argparse import ArgumentParser
import os.path
import sys


def slices(s, args):
    position = 0
    for length in args:
        length = int(length)
        yield s[position:position + length]
        position += length

def extant_file(x):
    """
    'Type' for argparse - checks that file exists but does not open.
    """
    if not os.path.exists(x):
        # Argparse uses the ArgumentTypeError to give a rejection message like:
        # error: argument input: x does not exist
        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError("{0} does not exist".format(x))
    return x





parser = ArgumentParser(description="Please provide your Inputs as -i InputFile -o OutPutFile -c ConfigFile")
parser.add_argument("-i", dest="InputFile", required=True,    help="Provide your Input file name here, if file is on different path than where this script resides then provide full path of the file", metavar="FILE", type=extant_file)
parser.add_argument("-o", dest="OutputFile", required=False,    help="Provide your Output file name here, if file is on different path than where this script resides then provide full path of the file", metavar="FILE")
parser.add_argument("-c", dest="ConfigFile", required=False,   help="Provide your Config file name here,File should have value as fieldName,fieldLength. if file is on different path than where this script resides then provide full path of the file", metavar="FILE",type=extant_file)
parser.add_argument("-d", dest="Delimiter", required=False,   help="Provide the delimiter string you want",metavar="STRING", default="|")

args = parser.parse_args()

#Input file madatory
InputFile = args.InputFile
#Delimiter by default "|"
DELIMITER = args.Delimiter

#Output file checks
if args.OutputFile is None:
    OutputFile = str(InputFile) + "Delimited.txt"
    print ("Setting Ouput file as "+ OutputFile)
else:
    OutputFile = args.OutputFile

#Config file check
if args.ConfigFile is None:
    if not os.path.exists("Config.txt"):
        print ("There is no Config File provided exiting the script")
        sys.exit()
    else:
        ConfigFile = "Config.txt"
        print ("Taking Config.txt file on this path as Default Config File")
else:
    ConfigFile = args.ConfigFile

fieldNames = []
fieldLength = []
myvars = OrderedDict()


with open(ConfigFile) as myfile:
    for line in myfile:
        name, var = line.partition(",")[::2]
        myvars[name.strip()] = int(var)
for key,value in myvars.items():
    fieldNames.append(key)
    fieldLength.append(value)

with open(OutputFile, 'w') as f1:
    fieldNames = DELIMITER.join(map(str, fieldNames))
    f1.write(fieldNames + "\n")
    with open(InputFile, 'r') as f:
        for line in f:
            rec = (list(slices(line, fieldLength)))
            myLine = DELIMITER.join(map(str, rec))
            f1.write(myLine + "\n")

Answer 4

这是一个适用于常规awk的解决方案（不需要gawk）。

awk -v OFS=',' '{print substr($0,1,4), substr($0,5,2), substr($0,7,5), substr($0,12,1), substr($0,13,1)}'

它使用awk的substr函数来定义每个字段的起始位置和长度。 OFS定义输出字段分隔符（在本例中为逗号）。

（旁注：这仅在源数据没有逗号的情况下有效。如果数据有逗号，则必须将它们转义为正确的CSV，这超出了本问题的范围。）

演示：

echo 'aasdfh9013512
ajshdj 2445df' | 
awk -v OFS=',' '{print substr($0,1,4), substr($0,5,2), substr($0,7,5), substr($0,12,1), substr($0,13,1)}'

输出：

aasd,fh,90135,1,2
ajsh,dj, 2445,d,f

将固定宽度的文件从文本转换为csv

4 个答案: