NSubsets<N, Pack<Types...>>::type
是包含所有大小为N的Types...
子集的包。
例如,
NSubsets<2, Pack<int, char, double>>::type
是
Pack<Pack<int, char>, Pack<int, double>, Pack<char, double>>
一种方法是简单地从Obtaining all subpacks from a pack获取PowerSet
解决方案的输出,
然后删除每个不是N大小的包。但这对于大N来说效率太低(无论如何都很糟糕)。这是我的想法(灵感来自PowerSet
的优雅解决方案):
假设我们有Pack<A,B,C,D>
,N = 2.从Pack<>
开始,我们遍历Pack<A,B,C,D>
中的类型并附加每个类型,如下所示:
在附加任何内容之前,我们有:
Pack<>
将A添加到上一个(并保留前一个),我们得到:
Pack<>, Pack<A>
将B附加到上一个(并保留前一个),我们得到:
Pack<>, Pack<A>, Pack<B>, Pack<A,B>,
但是Pack<A,B>
的大小为2,因此将其隐藏起来并从此列表中删除,留下我们:
Pack<>, Pack<A>, Pack<B>
将C附加到上一个(并保留前一个),我们得到:
Pack<>, Pack<A>, Pack<B>, Pack<C>, Pack<A,C>, Pack<B,C>.
如上所述,藏匿Pack<A,C>, Pack<B,C>
:
Pack<>, Pack<A>, Pack<B>, Pack<C>
将D附加到上一个(并保留前一个),我们得到:
Pack<D>, Pack<A,D>, Pack<B,D>, Pack<C,D>.
再次选择2号,我们终于有了
Pack<Pack<A,B>, Pack<A,C>, Pack<B,C>, Pack<A,D>, Pack<B,D>, Pack<C,D>>
作为我们期望的输出。
请注意,此算法中的一个缺陷是无条件地将Pack<>
保留在倒数第二步中。如果N大于2,这个无关的部分可能真的浪费时间。
以下是我使用上述方法的代码,但输出结果为false,我无法追踪原因(尚未)。但即便如此
如果它确实正常工作,我仍然不太喜欢它,主要是因为我刚才提到的缺陷,我不知道如何
除去那个瑕疵。
#include <iostream>
#include <type_traits>
template <int, typename> struct IsSize;
template <int N, template <typename...> class P, typename... Types>
struct IsSize<N, P<Types...>> : std::integral_constant<bool, sizeof...(Types) == N> {};
template <int, typename, typename, typename> struct PartitionPacksBySizeHelper;
template <int N, template <typename...> class P, typename... KeptPacks, typename... SizeNPacks>
struct PartitionPacksBySizeHelper<N, P<>, P<KeptPacks...>, P<SizeNPacks...>> {
using not_sizeN_types = P<KeptPacks...>;
using sizeN_types = P<SizeNPacks...>;
};
template <int N, template <typename...> class P, typename First, typename... Rest, typename... KeptPacks, typename... SizeNPacks>
struct PartitionPacksBySizeHelper<N, P<First, Rest...>, P<KeptPacks...>, P<SizeNPacks...>> : std::conditional<IsSize<N, First>::value,
PartitionPacksBySizeHelper<N, P<Rest...>, P<KeptPacks...>, P<SizeNPacks..., First>>,
PartitionPacksBySizeHelper<N, P<Rest...>, P<KeptPacks..., First>, P<SizeNPacks...>>
>::type {};
template <int, typename> struct PartitionPacksBySize;
template <int N, template <typename...> class P, typename... Packs>
struct PartitionPacksBySize<N, P<Packs...>> : PartitionPacksBySizeHelper<N, P<Packs...>, P<>, P<>> {};
template <typename, typename> struct Append;
template <typename T, template <typename...> class P, typename...Types>
struct Append<T, P<Types...>> {
using type = P<Types..., T>;
};
template <int, typename, typename, typename> struct NSubsetsHelper;
template <int N, template <typename...> class P, typename... CurrentPacks, typename... AccumulatedPacks>
struct NSubsetsHelper<N, P<>, P<CurrentPacks...>, P<AccumulatedPacks...>> {
using type = P<AccumulatedPacks...>;
};
template <int N, template <typename...> class P, typename First, typename... Rest, typename... KeptPacks, typename... SizeNPacks>
struct NSubsetsHelper<N, P<First, Rest...>, P<KeptPacks...>, P<SizeNPacks...>>
: NSubsetsHelper<N, P<Rest...>,
typename PartitionPacksBySize<N, P<KeptPacks..., typename Append<First, KeptPacks>::type...>>::not_sizeN_types,
typename PartitionPacksBySize<N, P<KeptPacks..., typename Append<First, KeptPacks>::type...>>::sizeN_types> {};
template <int, typename> struct NSubsets;
template <int N, template <typename...> class P, typename...Types>
struct NSubsets<N, P<Types...>> : NSubsetsHelper<N, P<Types...>, P<P<>>, P<>> {};
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Testing
template <typename...> struct Pack {};
int main() {
std::cout << std::boolalpha << std::is_same< NSubsets<2, Pack<int, char, double>>::type,
Pack<Pack<int, char>, Pack<int, double>, Pack<char, double>>
>::value << std::endl; // false (darn!)
}
我在纸上描述了上面的包应该是输出,当我改变包的顺序时,它仍然是错误的。但是,正如我上面提到的,无论如何,这种方法还是比较差的。有关更好方法的任何建议吗?
更新:我发现了我的错误,并取代了
typename PartitionPacksBySize<N, P<KeptPacks..., typename Append<First, KeptPacks>::type...>>::sizeN_types>
与
typename Merge<P<SizeNPacks...>, typename PartitionPacksBySize<N, P<KeptPacks..., typename Append<First, KeptPacks>::type...>>::sizeN_types>::type
但是,你还能看到当N很大时,我的算法在最后N次迭代中是如何浪费时间的吗?
答案 0 :(得分:2)
我们可以从一开始就精确生成大小为k
的子集 - 这样会更有效率,因为我们只需要O(n^k)
工作而不是O(2^n)
工作。这里的算法只是迭代具有n
1个k
位的Pack
个字的所有排列,并为每个单词添加适当的constexpr int ctz(size_t n) {
return n & 1 ? 0 : 1 + ctz(n >> 1);
}
constexpr size_t next_perm_impl(size_t v, size_t t) {
return (t + 1) | (((~t & -~t) - 1) >> (ctz(v) + 1));
}
constexpr size_t next_perm(size_t v) {
return next_perm_impl(v, v | (v - 1));
}
。
我们先用bithack开始以constexpr形式找到next permutation:
template <class... T> struct Pack { using type = Pack; };
template <size_t size, class result, class>
struct accumulator : result { };
template <size_t j, class... R, class T1, class... T>
struct accumulator<j, Pack<R...>, Pack<T1, T...>>
: accumulator<(j>>1), typename std::conditional<j&1, Pack<R..., T1>, Pack<R...>>::type, Pack<T...>>
{};
接下来我抓住了Columbo的累加器,他因为某些原因删除了你上一个问题的答案:
j
给定值Pack
,我们可以确定与这些元素相关联的(1 << k) - 1
。现在我们只需要从(1 << N) + (1 << (k-1)) - 1
迭代到template <typename P, typename Result, size_t CUR, size_t LAST>
struct PowerPackImpl;
template <typename P, typename... R, size_t CUR, size_t LAST>
struct PowerPackImpl<P, Pack<R...>, CUR, LAST>
: PowerPackImpl<P,
Pack<R..., typename accumulator<CUR, Pack<>, P>::type>,
next_perm(CUR),
LAST>
{ };
template <typename P, typename... R, size_t LAST>
struct PowerPackImpl<P, Pack<R...>, LAST, LAST>
: Pack<R...> { };
template <typename P, size_t K> struct PowerPack;
template <typename... P, size_t K>
struct PowerPack<Pack<P...>, K>
: PowerPackImpl<Pack<P...>, Pack<>, (1 << K) - 1, (1 << sizeof...(P)) + (1 << (K-1)) - 1>
{ };
。这可能是一种更有效的方法,但以下工作:
static_assert(std::is_same<
typename PowerPack<Pack<int, char, double, float>, 1>::type,
Pack<Pack<int>, Pack<char>, Pack<double>, Pack<float>>
>::value, "1 works");
static_assert(std::is_same<
typename PowerPack<Pack<int, char, double, float>, 2>::type,
Pack<Pack<int, char>, Pack<int, double>, Pack<char, double>, Pack<int, float>, Pack<char, float>, Pack<double, float> >
>::value, "2 works");
例如:
{{1}}
答案 1 :(得分:1)
这是基于PowerPack
解决方案,但是过长条目的过滤在每个步骤中都会发生,因此比最后过滤更有效。
第1步:NAppend<N,Pack<...>,T>
只会在T
之后将新类型Pack<...>
附加到N
,如果之后的条目不超过template<std::size_t,typename,typename>
struct NAppend
{
using type = void;
};
template<std::size_t N,typename...Ts,typename T>
struct NAppend<N,Pack<Ts...>,T>
{
using type =
typename std::conditional<
sizeof...(Ts)==N,
void,
Pack<Ts...,T>
>::type;
};
。
ShrinkPack
第2步:void
从Pack
个Pack
和void
中删除template<typename,typename U=Pack<>>
struct ShrinkPack
{
using type = U;
};
template<typename T,typename...Ts,typename...Us>
struct ShrinkPack<Pack<T,Ts...>,Pack<Us...>>
: std::conditional<
std::is_void<T>::value,
ShrinkPack<Pack<Ts...>,Pack<Us...>>,
ShrinkPack<Pack<Ts...>,Pack<Us...,T>>
>::type
{
};
。
NPack
第3步:template<std::size_t,typename,typename U=Pack<>>
struct NPack
{
using type = U;
};
template<std::size_t N,typename...Ts,typename...Us,typename...Vs>
struct NPack<N,Pack<Pack<Ts...>,Us...>,Pack<Vs...>>
: std::conditional<
sizeof...(Ts)==N,
NPack<N,Pack<Us...>,Pack<Vs...,Pack<Ts...>>>,
NPack<N,Pack<Us...>,Pack<Vs...>>
>::type
{
};
过滤掉所有不的条目。
PowerPack
最后一步:适应性扩展,类似于ShrinkPack
并在每个扩展步骤应用NPack
,并在结束时应用template<std::size_t N,typename,typename T=Pack<Pack<>>>
struct NPowerPack
{
using type = typename NPack<N,T>::type;
};
template<std::size_t N,typename T,typename...Ts,typename...Us>
struct NPowerPack<N,Pack<T,Ts...>,Pack<Us...>>
: NPowerPack<N,Pack<Ts...>,typename ShrinkPack<Pack<Us...,typename NAppend<N,Us,T>::type...>>::type>
{
};
。
static_assert(std::is_same<
NPowerPack<1,Pack<int, char, double>>::type,
Pack<Pack<int>, Pack<char>, Pack<double>>
>(), "");
static_assert(std::is_same<
NPowerPack<2,Pack<int, char, double>>::type,
Pack<Pack<int, char>, Pack<int, double>, Pack<char, double>>
>(), "");
试验:
{{1}}