替换特定字符串，并复制其下方的文本块

Question

我有以下两个文本文件

A.TXT：

Hello, my name is <name>
and I like flowers.

b.txt：

Susan
Katie
Caitlynn

我想操纵它以在c.txt中输出以下内容：

Hello, my name is Susan
and I like flowers.

Hello, my name is Katie
and I like flowers.

Hello, my name is Caitlynn
and I like flowers.

依此类推。

我可以在一个实例中替换它们，但不知道如何连续读取b.txt以继续替换

Answer 1

您可以使用awk：

awk 'FNR==NR{a[$1]++; next} 
     {for (i in a) { s=$0; sub(/<name>/, i, s); print s}}' b.txt a.txt
Hello, my name is Caitlynn
Hello, my name is Susan
Hello, my name is Katie

---

更新：根据已修改的问题：

awk 'FNR==NR{a[$1]++; next} /<name>/{curLine=$0; getline nextLine;
  for (i in a) {s=curLine; sub(/<name>/, i, s); print s; print nextLine}}' b.txt a.txt
Hello, my name is Caitlynn
and I like flowers.
Hello, my name is Susan
and I like flowers.
Hello, my name is Katie
and I like flowers.

Answer 2

问题第一版的解决方案

以下是sed解决方案：

$ sed -r '1{h;d}; G; s/(.*)\n(.*)<name>(.*)/\2\1\3/' a.txt b.txt
Hello, my name is Susan
Hello, my name is Katie
Hello, my name is Caitlynn

如何运作

• 1{h;d}

  sed看到的第一行来自a.txt。这会将该行保存在保留空间中，然后跳过以从下一行重新开始。

• G

  第二行和所有后续行来自b.txt。对于每个这样的行，此命令将保留空间附加到该行。执行此操作后，模式空间的名称（来自b.txt）后跟换行符，后跟a.txt中的行。

• s/(.*)\n(.*)<name>(.*)/\2\1\3/

  这会重新排列模式空间，将名称放在应有的位置。

问题第二版的解决方案

$ sed -r '1{h;d}; 2{H;d}; G; s/(.*)\n(.*)<name>(.*)/\2\1\3/' a2.txt b.txt
Hello, my name is Susan
and I like flowers.
Hello, my name is Katie
and I like flowers.
Hello, my name is Caitlynn
and I like flowers.

Answer 3

您也可以尝试使用sed + bash循环：

for x in $(cat b.txt); do sed -e "s/<name>/$x/" a.txt; done

如果句子之间需要额外的行

for x in $(cat b.txt); do sed -e "s/<name>/$x/" a.txt; echo ""; done

Answer 4

$ awk 'NR==FNR{tmplt=tmplt $0 ORS; next} {block=tmplt; sub(/<name>/,$0,block); print block}' a.txt b.txt
Hello, my name is Susan
and I like flowers.

Hello, my name is Katie
and I like flowers.

Hello, my name is Caitlynn
and I like flowers.

Answer 5

使用sed战术性地使用e command，如下所示

 sed 's#.*#sed "s/\\(.*\\)<name>\\(.*\\)/\\n\\1&\\2/" a.txt #e' b.txt > c.txt

其中c.txt是具有预期结果的新文件

结果

Hello, my name is Susan
and I like flowers.

Hello, my name is Katie
and I like flowers.

Hello, my name is Caitlynn
and I like flowers.