我有一台服务器，其供应商应用程序严重依赖数据库。我需要以自动方式对数据库中的几个表中的数据进行一些小的更改。只是插入和更新，没什么特别的。供应商是供应商，我永远不能确定他们在升级期间何时更改数据库的架构。
为此，我如何以某种可编写脚本的方式询问SQL服务器“嘿，这个表是否仍然存在？是的，很酷，没关系，但它有这个列吗？那个数据类型和大小是什么？ ？它可以为空吗？你能给我一个表列表吗？在这个表中，你能给我一个列表吗？那里有任何主键吗？“我不需要为整个模式执行此操作，只需要执行此操作，只需在启动之前快速检查数据库。
我们目前有Microsoft SQL Server 2005，但它可能很容易转移到Microsoft SQL Server 2008. 搜索时我可能没有使用正确的术语。我知道ORM不仅仅是对于这类事情来说，开销太大了，但我也没有机会向我的同事推销它。
答案 0 :(得分：8)
答案 1 :(得分：5)
运行如下所列的查询，您可以从中查看：
需要运行SQL Server 2005+：
--optional, remove comments on WHERE to use these
--DECLARE @SchemaNameSearch sysname
-- ,@TableNameSearch sysname
-- ,@ColumnNameSearch sysname
--SELECT @SchemaNameSearch ='YourSchemaName'
-- ,@TableNameSearch ='YourTableName'
-- ,@ColumnNameSearch ='YourColumnName'
SELECT
sh.name+'.'+o.name AS ObjectName
,o.type_desc AS ObjectType
,s.name as ColumnName
,CASE
WHEN t.name IN ('char','varchar') THEN t.name+'('+CASE WHEN s.max_length<0 then 'MAX' ELSE CONVERT(varchar(10),s.max_length) END+')'
WHEN t.name IN ('nvarchar','nchar') THEN t.name+'('+CASE WHEN s.max_length<0 then 'MAX' ELSE CONVERT(varchar(10),s.max_length/2) END+')'
WHEN t.name IN ('numeric') THEN t.name+'('+CONVERT(varchar(10),s.precision)+','+CONVERT(varchar(10),s.scale)+')'
ELSE t.name
END AS DataType
,CASE
WHEN s.is_nullable=1 THEN 'NULL'
ELSE 'NOT NULL'
END AS Nullable
,xc.key_ordinal AS PK_Position
,CASE
WHEN xc.key_ordinal IS NOT NULL THEN All_PKs.PrimaryKey
ELSE NULL
END AS PK
,CASE
WHEN ic.column_id IS NULL THEN ''
ELSE ' identity('+ISNULL(CONVERT(varchar(10),ic.seed_value),'')+','+ISNULL(CONVERT(varchar(10),ic.increment_value),'')+')='+ISNULL(CONVERT(varchar(10),ic.last_value),'null')
END
+CASE
WHEN sc.column_id IS NULL THEN ''
ELSE ' computed('+ISNULL(sc.definition,'')+')'
END
+CASE
WHEN cc.object_id IS NULL THEN ''
ELSE ' check('+ISNULL(cc.definition,'')+')'
END
AS MiscInfo
FROM sys.objects o
INNER JOIN sys.schemas sh on o.schema_id=sh.schema_id
INNER JOIN sys.columns s ON o.object_id=s.object_id
INNER JOIN sys.types t ON s.system_type_id=t.system_type_id and t.is_user_defined=0
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.identity_columns ic ON s.object_id=ic.object_id AND s.column_id=ic.column_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.computed_columns sc ON s.object_id=sc.object_id AND s.column_id=sc.column_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.check_constraints cc ON s.object_id=cc.parent_object_id AND s.column_id=cc.parent_column_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.indexes x ON o.object_id=x.object_id AND x.is_primary_key=1
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.index_columns xc ON o.object_id=xc.object_id AND x.index_id=xc.index_id AND s.column_id=xc.column_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN (SELECT --build the concatenated PK here
oo.object_id
,STUFF(
(
SELECT
', '+s.Name
FROM sys.objects o
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.indexes x ON o.object_id=x.object_id AND x.is_primary_key=1
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.index_columns xc ON o.object_id=xc.object_id AND x.index_id=xc.index_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.columns s ON o.object_id=s.object_id AND s.column_id=xc.column_id
WHERE oo.object_id=o.object_id AND xc.column_id IS NOT NULL
ORDER BY o.object_ID,xc.key_ordinal
FOR XML PATH('')
)
,1,2, ''
) AS PrimaryKey
FROM sys.objects oo
--
--REMOVE comments to filter the query
--WHERE oo.Name=@TableNameSearch
--
)All_PKs ON o.object_id=All_PKs.object_id
--
--REMOVE comments to filter the query
--WHERE sh.name =@SchemaNameSearch
-- AND o.Name=@TableNameSearch
-- AND s.name=@ColumnNameSearch
--
ORDER BY sh.name+'.'+o.name,s.column_id
您可以删除WHERE上的注释以按架构/表/列进行过滤。
您还可以创建一个数据库触发器来提醒您更改：
create this log table first:
CREATE TABLE YourLogTable (EventID int not null identity(1,1), EventDateTime datetime null, EventDescription varchar(MAX) null)
USE [TheDatabase]
GO
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
CREATE TRIGGER [YourDatabaseTrigger]
ON DATABASE
FOR DDL_DATABASE_LEVEL_EVENTS --DDL_TABLE_EVENTS --DDL_EVENTS
AS
DECLARE @EventData xml
DECLARE @Message varchar(1000)
SET @EventData=EVENTDATA()
INSERT INTO YourLogTable
(EventDateTime,EventDescription)
VALUES (GETDATE(),--SUSER_NAME()
--+'; '+@EventData.value('(/EVENT_INSTANCE/ObjectType)[1]', 'varchar(500)')
--+'; '+@EventData.value('(/EVENT_INSTANCE/ObjectName)[1]', 'varchar(500)')
--+'; '+@EventData.value('(/EVENT_INSTANCE/TSQLCommand/CommandText)[1]','nvarchar(8000)')
CONVERT(varchar(max),@EventData)
)
RETURN
GO
SET ANSI_NULLS OFF
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER OFF
GO
ENABLE TRIGGER [YourDatabaseTrigger] ON DATABASE
可以让您看到对数据库所做的每一项更改。
答案 2 :(得分：1)
要通过SQL执行此操作，请使用INFORMATION_SCHEMA视图。
要通过代码执行此操作，请查看SQL Server管理对象（SMO）：