我编写了以下堆调试器,以便向初级程序员演示内存泄漏,双删除和错误形式的删除(即尝试删除delete p
而不是delete[]
p的数组。 / p>
我很乐意从强大的C ++程序员那里得到一些反馈,因为我以前从未这样做过,我确信我做过一些愚蠢的错误。谢谢!
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <new>
namespace
{
const int ALIGNMENT = 16;
const char* const ERR = "*** ERROR: ";
int counter = 0;
struct heap_debugger
{
heap_debugger()
{
std::cerr << "*** heap debugger started\n";
}
~heap_debugger()
{
std::cerr << "*** heap debugger shutting down\n";
if (counter > 0)
{
std::cerr << ERR << "failed to release memory " << counter << " times\n";
}
else if (counter < 0)
{
std::cerr << ERR << (-counter) << " double deletes detected\n";
}
}
} instance;
void* allocate(size_t size, const char* kind_of_memory, size_t token) throw (std::bad_alloc)
{
void* raw = malloc(size + ALIGNMENT);
if (raw == 0) throw std::bad_alloc();
*static_cast<size_t*>(raw) = token;
void* payload = static_cast<char*>(raw) + ALIGNMENT;
++counter;
std::cerr << "*** allocated " << kind_of_memory << " at " << payload << " (" << size << " bytes)\n";
return payload;
}
void release(void* payload, const char* kind_of_memory, size_t correct_token, size_t wrong_token) throw ()
{
if (payload == 0) return;
std::cerr << "*** releasing " << kind_of_memory << " at " << payload << '\n';
--counter;
void* raw = static_cast<char*>(payload) - ALIGNMENT;
size_t* token = static_cast<size_t*>(raw);
if (*token == correct_token)
{
*token = 0xDEADBEEF;
free(raw);
}
else if (*token == wrong_token)
{
*token = 0x177E6A7;
std::cerr << ERR << "wrong form of delete\n";
}
else
{
std::cerr << ERR << "double delete\n";
}
}
}
void* operator new(size_t size) throw (std::bad_alloc)
{
return allocate(size, "non-array memory", 0x5AFE6A8D);
}
void* operator new[](size_t size) throw (std::bad_alloc)
{
return allocate(size, " array memory", 0x5AFE6A8E);
}
void operator delete(void* payload) throw ()
{
release(payload, "non-array memory", 0x5AFE6A8D, 0x5AFE6A8E);
}
void operator delete[](void* payload) throw ()
{
release(payload, " array memory", 0x5AFE6A8E, 0x5AFE6A8D);
}
答案 0 :(得分:4)
您可以保留所有分配的列表,而不是进行侵入式记录保存。然后,您可以在不破坏自己的数据的情况下释放内存,并跟踪特定地址被“删除”的次数,还可以找到程序尝试删除不匹配地址(即不在列表中)的位置。
答案 1 :(得分:2)
这是一个非常好的开始。当你要求反馈时,这是我的2美分:
答案 2 :(得分:2)
解释为什么选择“ALIGNMENT”作为标识符。解释你选择16的原因。争论你的算法如何捕获最常见的错误,例如溢出堆分配块的末尾或忘记释放内存。
答案 3 :(得分:1)
void* raw = static_cast<char*>(payload) - ALIGNMENT;
如果payload
已被删除,是否会导致此未定义的行为?
答案 4 :(得分:1)
我没有非常好地使用硬编码常量/常量字符串 - 将它们放在枚举中?而且我真的没有很好地理解令牌。需要更多评论