这似乎应该是一个简单的问题，但我被卡住了。
我有一个Book模型，想要通过一个包含isbns列表的csv创建一堆书。我创建了一个rake任务 -
task :import_books => :environment do
CSV.foreach('lib/books.csv', :headers => true, :encoding => 'ISO-8859-1:UTF-8') do |row|
Book.create!({:isbn => row[0]})
end
end
但是我收到以下错误 -
ActionController :: UrlGenerationError：没有路由匹配{：action =＆gt;＆＃34; show＆＃34;，：controller =＆gt;＆＃34; books＆＃34;，：id =＆gt; nil}缺少必需的密钥：[：id]
fwiw，从控制台，我可以使用Model.create在所有其他模型中创建记录，但不能创建Book。
我尝试使用id进行硬编码，但它没有工作，看起来并不理想。
感谢您的帮助！
编辑 -
图书迁移（您的意思是架构吗？） -
create_table "books", force: true do |t|
t.string "title"
t.string "author"
t.text "description"
t.string "link"
t.integer "score"
t.boolean "featured"
t.datetime "created_at", null: false
t.datetime "updated_at", null: false
t.integer "user_id"
t.boolean "likes"
t.string "cover_file_name"
t.string "cover_content_type"
t.integer "cover_file_size"
t.datetime "cover_updated_at"
t.string "image_remote_url"
t.string "cover_url"
t.string "fake_cover"
t.boolean "permission"
t.date "release"
t.string "isbn"
end
Book.new和Book.create from console -
2.1.2：005＆gt; Book.new
=＆GT; ＃
2.1.2：006> Book.create
（10.2ms）开始交易
SQL（3.4ms）INSERT INTO＆＃34; books＆＃34; （＆＃34; created_at＆＃34;，＆＃34; updated_at＆＃34;）VALUES（？，？）[[＆＃34; created_at＆＃34;，＆＃34; 2015-01-26 17：50：11.119126 ＆＃34;]，[＆＃34; updated_at＆＃34;，＆＃34; 2015-01-26 17：50：11.119126＆＃34;]]
（1.1ms）回滚事务
ActionController :: UrlGenerationError：没有路由匹配{：action =＆gt;＆＃34; show＆＃34;，：controller =＆gt;＆＃34; books＆＃34;，：id =＆gt; nil}缺少必需的键：[： ID]
来自/Users/danifank/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.2/gems/actionpack-4.1.7/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:219:in raise_generation_error'
from /Users/danifank/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.2/gems/actionpack-4.1.7/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:192:in optimized_helper＆＃39;
来自/Users/danifank/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.2/gems/actionpack-4.1.7/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:178:in call'
from /Users/danifank/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.2/gems/actionpack-4.1.7/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:270:in块（2级）in define_url_helper＆ ＃39;
来自/Users/danifank/Documents/coverlist/app/models/book.rb:124:in load_into_soulmate'
from /Users/danifank/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.2/gems/activesupport-4.1.7/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:424:in块中的make_lambda＆＃39;
来自/Users/danifank/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.2/gems/activesupport-4.1.7/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:221:in call'
from /Users/danifank/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.2/gems/activesupport-4.1.7/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:221:in阻止halting_and_conditional＆＃39;
来自/Users/danifank/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.2/gems/activesupport-4.1.7/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:215:in call'
from /Users/danifank/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.2/gems/activesupport-4.1.7/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:215:in阻止halting_and_conditional＆＃39;
来自/Users/danifank/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.2/gems/activesupport-4.1.7/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:86:in call'
from /Users/danifank/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.2/gems/activesupport-4.1.7/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:86:in run_callbacks＆＃39;
来自/Users/danifank/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.2/gems/activerecord-4.1.7/lib/active_record/callbacks.rb:302:in create_or_update'
from /Users/danifank/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.2/gems/activerecord-4.1.7/lib/active_record/persistence.rb:103:in save＆＃39;
来自/Users/danifank/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.2/gems/activerecord-4.1.7/lib/active_record/validations.rb:51:in save'
from /Users/danifank/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.2/gems/activerecord-4.1.7/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/dirty.rb:21:in save＆＃39;
...... 3级......
来自/Users/danifank/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.2/gems/activerecord-4.1.7/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:209:in within_new_transaction'
from /Users/danifank/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.2/gems/activerecord-4.1.7/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:201:in transaction＆＃39;
来自/Users/danifank/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.2/gems/activerecord-4.1.7/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:208:in transaction'
from /Users/danifank/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.2/gems/activerecord-4.1.7/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:326:in with_transaction_returning_status＆＃39;
来自/Users/danifank/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.2/gems/activerecord-4.1.7/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:268:in block in save'
from /Users/danifank/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.2/gems/activerecord-4.1.7/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:283:in rollback_active_record_state！＆＃39;
来自/Users/danifank/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.2/gems/activerecord-4.1.7/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:267:in save'
from /Users/danifank/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.2/gems/activerecord-4.1.7/lib/active_record/persistence.rb:34:in创建＆＃39;
来自（irb）：6
来自/Users/danifank/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.2/gems/railties-4.1.7/lib/rails/commands/console.rb:90:in start'
from /Users/danifank/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.2/gems/railties-4.1.7/lib/rails/commands/console.rb:9:in start＆＃39;
来自/Users/danifank/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.2/gems/railties-4.1.7/lib/rails/commands/commands_tasks.rb:69:in console'
from /Users/danifank/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.2/gems/railties-4.1.7/lib/rails/commands/commands_tasks.rb:40:in run_command！＆＃39;
来自/Users/danifank/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.2/gems/railties-4.1.7/lib/rails/commands.rb:17:in <top (required)>'
from bin/rails:4:in要求＆＃39;
来自bin / rails：4：在`＆＃39; 2.1.2：007＆gt;