Question

首先澄清这个问题是针对HTTP（s）下载的。对于FTP，我可能会问（并回答）另一个问题。以下是some similar questions - 但我希望更加准确。

除了排除外部工具之外，我希望解决方案适用于最广泛类型的Windows机器（包括仍然具有足够大份额的XP，Win2003，Vista）。另外，WSH是可能的选项之一，我不喜欢使用临时文件，而是要将所有内容打包在一个.bat文件中（jscript和vbscript都可以使用）。

有哪些可行的方法。

＆＃34;纯＆＃34;使用BITSADMIN的批处理解决方案 - 命令行实用程序可以在每台Windows机器上使用。它不是很方便，但它是/唯一的选择不应该使用其他脚本语言。
使用WSH - 可以采用三种方法 - WinHTTP，MSXML2.XMLHTTP ，InternetExlorer.Application - 所有这些都是可访问的ActiveX 对象按我喜欢的顺序排列.WinHTTP和MSXML2.XMLHTTP 它们的功能非常相似，但WinHTTP有一个声誉更稳定.InternetExlorer.Application实际上只需通过ActiveX对象访问Internet Explorer 一些UI元素是不可避免的（是吗？）所以我会跳过这个。
使用.NET - 可以用all创建混合批处理文件三个默认的.NET编译器（Jscript.net，VB.Net，C＃） Jscript.net没有多余的错误消息，所以我更喜欢它。如果我们忽略了编译.exe所有代码的事实是在一个文件中，所以根据我这符合要求:-) 。使用.NET，我们可以使用System.Net.WebClient或 System.Net.HttpWebRequest（WebClient依赖它）或
System.Web.HttpRequest，但现在我只发布 System.Net.WebClient解决方案。甚至更多相同的ActiveX对象可以通过WSH访问这里也可以使用。所以真的很多用.Net来下载文件的方法。将来我会更新我的回答。无论如何，只有Webclient专为下载而设计。
使用powershell - 与.NET具有相同的可能性但更少有机会安装在你能遇见的所有机器上。所以我会跳过这个也是。

Answer 1

答案。所有脚本都应使用.bat / .cmd扩展名保存，并可直接用作批处理脚本。

1）Certutuil：

certutil.exe -urlcache -split -f "https://download.sysinternals.com/files/PSTools.zip" pstools.zip

可以滥用

CertUtil命令从Internet下载文件。默认情况下可以在Windows中使用Vista.For WinXP Server 2003管理工具。

2) Bitsadmin ：

最简单的使用方法

bitsadmin /transfer myDownloadJob /download /priority normal http://downloadsrv/10mb.zip c:\10mb.zip

或者（如果你想添加凭证，代理等，你最终会需要这个。）

   @echo off
    setlocal

    :: uses bitsadmin utility to download a file
    :: bitsadmin is not available in winXP Home edition
    :: the only way to download a file with 'pure' batch
   :download

    if "%2" equ "" (
      call :help
      exit /b 5
   )

   if "%1" equ "" (
      call :help
      exit /b 6
   )
    set url=%~1
    set file=%~2
    rem ----
    if "%~3" NEQ "" (
        set /A timeout=%~3
    ) else (
        set timeout=5
    )

    bitsadmin /cancel download >nul
    bitsadmin /create /download download >nul 
    call bitsadmin /addfile download "%url%" "%CD%\%file%" >nul
    bitsadmin /resume download >nul 
    bitsadmin /setproxysettings download AUTODETECT >nul

    set /a attempts=0
    :repeat
    set /a attempts +=1
    if "%attempts%" EQU "10" (
        echo TIMED OUT
        endlocal
        exit /b 1
    )
    bitsadmin /info download /verbose | find  "STATE: ERROR"  >nul 2>&1 && endlocal &&  bitsadmin /cancel download && echo SOME KIND OF ERROR && exit /b 2
    bitsadmin /info download /verbose | find  "STATE: SUSPENDED" >nul 2>&1 && endlocal &&  bitsadmin /cancel download &&echo FILE WAS NOT ADDED && exit /b 3
    bitsadmin /info download /verbose | find  "STATE: TRANSIENT_ERROR" >nul 2>&1 && endlocal &&  bitsadmin /cancel download &&echo TRANSIENT ERROR && exit /b 4
    bitsadmin /info download /verbose | find  "STATE: TRANSFERRED" >nul 2>&1 && goto :finishing 

   w32tm /stripchart /computer:localhost /period:1 /dataonly /samples:%timeout%  >nul 2>&1
    goto :repeat
    :finishing 
    bitsadmin /complete download >nul
    echo download finished
    endlocal
   goto :eof

   :help
   echo %~n0 url file [timeout]
   echo.
   echo  url - the source for download
   echo  file - file name in local directory where the file will be stored
   echo  timeout - number in seconds between each check if download is complete (attempts are 10)
   echo.
   goto :eof

3) - WinHttp and WSH（SSL /证书和代理选项从未经过测试......）。 Here'准备好使用WinHttpRequest的脚本。它可以执行各种http请求，也可以用于下载文件（不是太大的文件）。如果需要，还可以添加你自己的身份验证标题。

call winhhtpjs.bat https://example.com/files/some.zip -saveTo c:\somezip.zip

4) MSXML2.XMLHTTP和WSH （更好地使用WinHTTP）（SSL /证书和代理选项从未经过测试......）

@if (@X)==(@Y) @end /* JScript comment
    @echo off

    rem :: the first argument is the script name as it will be used for proper help message
    cscript //E:JScript //nologo "%~f0" "%~nx0" %*

    exit /b %errorlevel%

@if (@X)==(@Y) @end JScript comment */

// used resources
//http://www.codeproject.com/Tips/506439/Downloading-files-with-VBScript
//http://blogs.msdn.com/b/xmlteam/archive/2006/10/23/using-the-right-version-of-msxml-in-internet-explorer.aspx
//https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/ms535874(v=vs.85).aspx
//https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa923283.aspx
//https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms759148(v=vs.85).aspx
//https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms759148(v=vs.85).aspx
//https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms760236(v=vs.85).aspx
//http://stackoverflow.com/questions/20712635/providing-authentication-info-via-msxml2-serverxmlhttp
//https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms763680(v=vs.85).aspx
//https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms757849(v=vs.85).aspx
//http://fm4dd.com/programming/shell/microsoft-vbs-http-download.htm
//http://stackoverflow.com/questions/11573022/vba-serverxmlhttp-https-request-with-self-signed-certificate
//http://www.qtcentre.org/threads/44629-Using-XMLHttpRequest-for-HTTPS-Post-to-server-with-SSL-certificate

// global variables and constants
var ARGS = WScript.Arguments;
var scriptName=ARGS.Item(0);

var url="";
var saveTo="";

var user=0;
var pass=0;

var proxy=0;
var bypass="";
var proxy_user=0;
var proxy_pass=0;

var certificate=0;

var force=true;

//ActiveX objects
//Use the right version of MSXML
/*var progIDs = [ 'Msxml2.DOMDocument.6.0', 'Msxml2.DOMDocument.5.0', 'Msxml2.DOMDocument.4.0', 'Msxml2.DOMDocument.3.0', 'Msxml2.DOMDocument' ]
for (var i = 0; i < progIDs.length; i++) {
    try {
        var XMLHTTPObj = new ActiveXObject(progIDs[i]);
    }catch (ex) {       
    }
}

if typeof  XMLHTTPObj === 'undefined'{
    WScript.Echo ("You are using too ancient windows or you have no installed IE");
    WScript.Quit(1);
}*/

var XMLHTTPObj = new ActiveXObject("MSXML2.XMLHTTP");
var FileSystemObj = new ActiveXObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject");
var AdoDBObj = new ActiveXObject("ADODB.Stream");


function printHelp(){
    WScript.Echo(scriptName + " - downloads a file through HTTP");
    WScript.Echo(scriptName + " url localfile [-force yse|no] [-user username -password password] [-proxy proxyserver:port -bypass bypass_list]");
    WScript.Echo("                          [-proxyuser proxy_username -proxypassword proxy_password] [-certificate certificateString]");
    WScript.Echo("-force  - decide to not or to overwrite if the local exists");
    WScript.Echo("proxyserver:port - the proxy server");
    WScript.Echo("bypass- bypass list can be \"\" if you don't need it");
    WScript.Echo("proxy_user , proxy_password - credentials for proxy server");
    WScript.Echo("user , password - credentials for the server");
    WScript.Echo("certificate - location of SSL certificate");
    WScript.Echo("Example:");
    WScript.Echo(scriptName +" http://somelink.com/somefile.zip c:\\somefile.zip -certificate \"LOCAL_MACHINE\\Personal\\My Middle-Tier Certificate\"");    
}

function parseArgs(){
    //
    if (ARGS.Length < 3) {
        WScript.Echo("insufficient arguments");
        printHelp();
        WScript.Quit(43);
    }
    url=ARGS.Item(1);
    saveTo=ARGS.Item(2);

    if(ARGS.Length % 2 != 1) {
        WScript.Echo("illegal arguments");
        printHelp();
        WScript.Quit(44);
    }

    for (var i=3;i<ARGS.Length-1;i=i+2){
        if(ARGS.Item(i).toLowerCase=="-force" && ARGS.Item(i+1)=='no'){
            force=false;
        }

        if(ARGS.Item(i).toLowerCase=="-user"){
            user=ARGS.Item(i+1);
        }

        if(ARGS.Item(i).toLowerCase=="-password"){
            pass=ARGS.Item(i+1);
        }

        if(ARGS.Item(i).toLowerCase=="-proxy"){
            proxy=ARGS.Item(i+1);
        }

        if(ARGS.Item(i).toLowerCase=="-bypass"){
            bypass=ARGS.Item(i+1);
        }

        if(ARGS.Item(i).toLowerCase=="-proxyuser"){
            proxy_user=ARGS.Item(i+1);
        }

        if(ARGS.Item(i).toLowerCase=="-proxypassword"){
            proxy_pass=ARGS.Item(i+1);
        }

        if(ARGS.Item(i).toLowerCase=="-certificate"){
            certificate=ARGS.Item(i+1);
        }
    }
}

function existsItem(path){
    return FileSystemObj.FolderExists(path)||FileSystemObj.FileExists(path);
}

stripTrailingSlash = function(path){
    while (path.substr(path.length - 1,path.length) == '\\') {
        path=path.substr(0, path.length - 1);
    }
    return path;
}

function deleteItem(path){
    if (FileSystemObj.FileExists(path)){
        FileSystemObj.DeleteFile(path);
        return true;
    } else if (FileSystemObj.FolderExists(path) ) {
        FileSystemObj.DeleteFolder(stripTrailingSlash(path));
        return true;
    } else {
        return false;
    }
}

function writeFile(fileName,data ){
    AdoDBObj.Type = 1;       
    AdoDBObj.Open();
    AdoDBObj.Position=0;
    AdoDBObj.Write(data);
    AdoDBObj.SaveToFile(fileName,2);
    AdoDBObj.Close();   
}

function download( url,file){
    if (force && existsItem(file)){
        if(!deleteItem(file)){
            WScript.Echo("Unable to delete "+ file);
            WScript.Quit(8);
        }
    }else if (existsItem(file)){
        WScript.Echo("Item " + file + " already exist");
        WScript.Quit(9);
    }



    if (proxy!=0 && bypass !="") {
        //https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms760236(v=vs.85).aspx
        XMLHTTPObj.setProxy(SXH_PROXY_SET_DIRECT,proxy,bypass);
    } else if (proxy!=0) {
        XMLHTTPObj.setProxy(SXH_PROXY_SET_DIRECT,proxy,"");
    }



    if (proxy_user!=0 && proxy_pass!=0 ) {
        //https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms763680(v=vs.85).aspx
        XMLHTTPObj.setProxyCredentials(proxy_user,proxy_pass);
    }

    if(certificate!=0) {
        //https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms763811(v=vs.85).aspx
        WinHTTPObj.setOption(3,certificate);
    }

    if (user!=0 && pass!=0){
        //https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms757849(v=vs.85).aspx
         XMLHTTPObj.Open('GET',url,false,user,pass);
    } else {
        XMLHTTPObj.Open('GET',url,false);
    }



    XMLHTTPObj.Send();
    var status=XMLHTTPObj.Status

    switch(status){
        case 200:
            WScript.Echo("Status: 200 OK");
            break;
        case 401:
            WScript.Echo("Status: 401 Unauthorized");
            WScript.Echo("Check if correct user and password were provided");
            WScript.Quit(401);
            break;
        case 407:
            Wscript.Echo("Status:407 Proxy Authentication Required");
            Wscript.Echo("Check if correct proxy user and password were provided");
            WScript.Quit(407);
            break;
        default:
            Wscript.Echo("Status: "+status);
            WScript.Echo("Try to help yourself -> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes");
            WScript.Quit(status);
    }
    writeFile(file,XMLHTTPObj.ResponseBody);
}

function main(){
    parseArgs();
    download(url,saveTo);
}
main();

5) .NET和webclient （这里没有SSL选项。请尝试添加它.Poxy选项从未经过测试）

@if (@X)==(@Y) @end /* JScript comment
@echo off
setlocal

for /f "tokens=* delims=" %%v in ('dir /b /s /a:-d  /o:-n "%SystemRoot%\Microsoft.NET\Framework\*jsc.exe"') do (
   set "jsc=%%v"
)

::if not exist "%~n0.exe" (
    "%jsc%" /nologo /out:"%~n0.exe" "%~dpsfnx0"
::)

 %~n0.exe %*

endlocal & exit /b %errorlevel%


*/

//todo SSL Support
//todo Better help message
//todo check if local file exists


import System;
import System.Net.WebClient;
import System.Net.NetworkCredential;
import System.Net.WebProxy;
import System.Uri;
import System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;

var arguments:String[] = Environment.GetCommandLineArgs();

var url=0;
var toFile=0;
var force=true;

var user=0;
var password=0;

var proxy=0;
var bypass=0;
var proxy_user=0;
var proxy_pass=0;

var certificate=0;

function printHelp(){
    Console.WriteLine(arguments[0] + "download from url to a file");
    Console.WriteLine(arguments[0] + "<url> <file> [-user user -password password] [-proxy proxy] [-proxy_user proxy.user -proxy_pass proxy.pass]");

}

function parseArgs(){

    if (arguments.length < 3) {
        Console.WriteLine("Wrong arguments");
        printHelp();
        Environment.Exit(1);
    }

    if (arguments.length %2 != 1) {
        Console.WriteLine("Wrong number arguments");
        printHelp();
        Environment.Exit(2);    
    }

    url=arguments[1];
    toFile=arguments[2];

    for (var i=3;i<arguments.length-1;i=i+2){
        var arg=arguments[i].ToLower();
        switch (arg){
            case  "-user" :
                user=arguments[i+1];
                break;
            case "-password" :
                password=arguments[i+1];
                break;
            case "-proxy" :
                proxy=arguments[i+1];
                break;
            case "-proxy_user" :
                proxy_user=arguments[i+1];
                break;
            case "-proxy_pass" :
                proxy_pass=arguments[i+1];
                break;
            case "-bypass" :
                bypass=[arguments[i+1]];
                break;
            /*case "-certificate" :
                certificate=arguments[i+1];
                break;*/
            default:
                Console.WriteLine("Invalid argument "+ arguments[i]);
                printHelp();
                Environment.Exit(3);
        }
    }

}

function download(){
    var client:System.Net.WebClient = new System.Net.WebClient();

    if (user!=0 && password!=0){
        client.Credentials=new System.Net.NetworkCredential(user, password);
    }

    if (proxy!=0){
        var webproxy =new System.Net.WebProxy();
        webproxy.Address=new Uri(proxy);
        if (proxy_user!=0 && proxy_pass!=0){
            webproxy.Credentials=new System.Net.NetworkCredential(proxy_user,proxy_pass);
        }
        webproxy.UseDefaultCredentials =false;

        if (bypass!=0){
            webproxy.BypassList=bypass;
            webproxy.BypassProxyOnLocal = false;
        }
        client.Proxy=webproxy;
    }

    try {
        client.DownloadFile(arguments[1], arguments[2]);
    } catch (e) {
        Console.BackgroundColor = ConsoleColor.Green;
        Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Red;
        Console.WriteLine("\n\nProblem with downloading " + arguments[1] + " to " + arguments[2] + "Check if the internet address is valid");
        Console.ResetColor();
        Environment.Exit(5);
    }
}

 parseArgs();
 download();

Answer 2

Windows上有一个实用程序（驻留在CMD中），可以从CMD运行（如果您具有写权限）：

set url=https://www.nsa.org/content/hl-images/2017/02/09/NSA.jpg
set file=file.jpg
certutil -urlcache -split -f %url% %file%
:also certutil.exe -verifyctl -f -split %url% %file%

Powershell中的cmdlet：

$url = "https://www.nsa.org/content/hl-images/2017/02/09/NSA.jpg"
$file = "file.jpg"
$ProgressPreference = "SilentlyContinue";
Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $url -outfile $file

.Net在PowerShell下：

$url = "https://www.nsa.org/content/hl-images/2017/02/09/NSA.jpg"
$file = "file.jpg"
# Add the necessary .NET assembly
Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Net.Http
# Create the HttpClient object
$client = New-Object -TypeName System.Net.Http.Httpclient
$task = $client.GetAsync($url)
$task.wait();
[io.file]::WriteAllBytes($file, $task.Result.Content.ReadAsByteArrayAsync().Result)

使用csc.exe进行C＃命令行构建：
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/compiler-options/command-line-building-with-csc-exe

using System;
using System.IO;

using System.Net.Http;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace DownloadImage
{
    class Program
    {
        static async Task Main(string[] args)
        {
            using var httpClient = new HttpClient();
            var url = "https://www.nsa.org/content/hl-images/2017/02/09/NSA.jpg";
            byte[] imageBytes = await httpClient.GetByteArrayAsync(url);

            using var fs = new FileStream("file.jpg", FileMode.Create);
            fs.Write(imageBytes, 0, imageBytes.Length);

        }
    }
}

内置于Windows应用程序中。无需外部下载。

在Win 10上测试

如何在不使用任何外部工具的情况下下载包含批处理文件的文件？

2 个答案: