我知道我能做到:
import datetime
def default(o):
if type(o) is datetime.datetime:
return o.isoformat()
data = {'a': datetime.datetime.today()}
json.dumps(data, default=default)
# '{"a": "2015-01-22T01:04:23.121392"}'
这很完美。如果我将日期作为我的键,那该怎么办呢?
data = {datetime.datetime.today(): 'a'}
如果我尝试相同的操作,则会失败:
TypeError: keys must be a string
我有什么方法可以做类似的事情,即自定义转换器,但是用于键?
注意:这只是一个简单的例子。我有一个深层嵌套的dict结构,其中一些键不是字符串。
编辑:一个嵌套的例子,但请注意我无法控制数据结构,它来自外部函数:
data = {'a': {datetime.datetime.today(): '1'}}
答案 0 :(得分:4)
你可以这样做:
class DatesToStrings(json.JSONEncoder):
def _encode(self, obj):
if isinstance(obj, dict):
def transform_date(o):
return self._encode(o.isoformat() if isinstance(o, datetime) else o)
return {transform_date(k): transform_date(v) for k, v in obj.items()}
else:
return obj
def encode(self, obj):
return super(DatesToStrings, self).encode(self._encode(obj))
>>> json.dumps({"a": {datetime.now(): 3}}, cls=DatesToStrings)
'{"a": {"2015-01-22T11:49:25.910261": 3}}'
答案 1 :(得分:3)
这是递归版本 - 请注意,我不保证它会比腌制版本更快:
def dictRecursiveFormat(d):
for key, val in list(d.items()):
if isinstance(key, datetime.datetime):
val = d.pop(key)
d[str(key)] = val
if isinstance(val, datetime.datetime) and isinstance(key, datetime.datetime):
d[str(key)] = str(val)
elif isinstance(val, datetime.datetime):
d[key] = str(val)
if type(val) is dict:
dictRecursiveFormat(val)
示例:
In [52]: d= {'a': datetime.datetime.now(), 'b': {datetime.datetime.now(): datetime.datetime.now()}}
In [53]: dictRecursiveFormat(d)
In [54]: d
Out[54]:
{'a': '2015-01-21 19:33:52.293182',
'b': {'2015-01-21 19:33:52.293240': '2015-01-21 19:33:52.293229'}}
答案 2 :(得分:1)
只需使用str来改变类型即可:
>>> import datetime
>>> type(datetime.datetime.today())
<type 'datetime.datetime'>
>>> data = {str(datetime.datetime.today()): 'a'}
>>> data
{'2015-01-22 08:13:11.554000': 'a'}
>>> data = {repr(datetime.datetime.today()): 'a'}
>>> data
{'datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 22, 8, 15, 0, 551000)': 'a'}
>>> data = {'a': {datetime.datetime.today(): '1'}}
>>> data
{'a': {datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 22, 8, 32, 25, 175000): '1'}}
答案 3 :(得分:1)
如果您要将python程序序列化以便稍后阅读,请使用pickle
模块执行此操作。它将保留自定义类和对象,只要这些定义对要反序列化并使用它的脚本/模块可见。
您可以执行以下操作:
data = {datetime.datetime.today(): 'a'}
try:
import cPickle as pickle # Try it. It could be faster
except:
import pickle # Regular pickle as a fallback
with open("c:/mypickle.DAT", "w") as f:
pickle.dump(data, f)
如果写入物理磁盘不是您想要的,特别是出于性能原因,您可以尝试写入类似文件的对象,例如StringIO。
答案 4 :(得分:0)
在将密钥传递给序列化程序之前,您可以使用递归函数来修复密钥,包括嵌套字典中的密钥。
def datetime_key_fix(o):
if isinstance(o, dict):
for key in o:
o[key] = datetime_key_fix(o[key])
if type(key) is datetime.datetime:
o[key.isoformat()] = o[key]
del o[key]
return o
data = {datetime.datetime.today(): {datetime.datetime.today(): "a"}}
print json.dumps(datetime_key_fix(data))
答案 5 :(得分:0)
试试这个:
import datetime
import json
data = {1:{datetime.datetime.today(): 'a'}, 2:{datetime.datetime.today(): 'a'}}
dataString = repr(data)
dataString
#"{1: {datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 21, 16, 56, 15, 219567): 'a'}, 2: {datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 21, 16, 56, 15, 219567): 'a'}}"
dataDictionary = eval(dataString)
dataDictionary
#{1: {datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 21, 16, 56, 15, 219567): 'a'}, 2: {datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 21, 16, 56, 15, 219567): 'a'}}
datajsonString = json.dumps(dataString)
#'"{1: {datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 21, 16, 56, 15, 219567): \'a\'}, 2: {datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 21, 16, 56, 15, 219567): \'a\'}}"'
答案 6 :(得分:0)
在Andrew Magee的基础上,并添加了嵌套列表/集合支持:
import json
from datetime import datetime
class DatesToStrings(json.JSONEncoder):
def _encode(self, obj):
def transform_date(o):
return self._encode(o.isoformat() if isinstance(o, datetime) else o)
if isinstance(obj, dict):
return {transform_date(k): transform_date(v) for k, v in obj.items()}
elif isinstance(obj, list) or isinstance(obj, set):
return [transform_date(l) for l in obj]
else:
return obj
def encode(self, obj):
return super(DatesToStrings, self).encode(self._encode(obj))
print(json.dumps({"a": datetime.now()}, cls=DatesToStrings))
print(json.dumps({datetime.now(): 1}, cls=DatesToStrings))
print(json.dumps({"a": {datetime.now(): 3}}, cls=DatesToStrings))
print(json.dumps({"a": [datetime.now()]}, cls=DatesToStrings))
print(json.dumps({"a": {1: [datetime.now()]}}, cls=DatesToStrings))
print(json.dumps({"a": [{1: [datetime.now()]}]}, cls=DatesToStrings))
print(json.dumps({"a": {datetime.now()}}, cls=DatesToStrings))