Django Rest Framework可写嵌套序列化器

时间:2015-01-21 22:33:06

标签: python django serialization django-rest-framework

我正在将食谱组织者编写为课程的示例项目。除了使用一些非常基本的功能之外,我对DRF没有太多经验。这就是目标:

使用相关成分创建新配方。在创建配方对象的同时创建成分对象。

models.py:

class Ingredient(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=100)

def __str__(self):
    return self.name


class Recipe(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    description = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True, help_text="This is a quick description of your recipe")
    directions = models.TextField(help_text="How to make the recipe")
    ingredients = models.ManyToManyField(Ingredient)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


serializers.py

class IngredientSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    class Meta:
        model = Ingredient


class RecipeSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    ingredients = IngredientSerializer(many=True)

    class Meta:
        model = Recipe

    def create(self, validated_data):
        ingredients_data = validated_data.pop('ingredients')
        recipe = Recipe.objects.create(**validated_data)
        for ingredient_data in ingredients_data:
            Ingredient.objects.create(**ingredient_data)
        return recipe

这样可以在数据库中成功创建配方对象和配料对象,但不会将配料列表与配方相关联。我认为这是因为当我运行ingredients_data = validated_data.pop('ingredients')时,validated_data字典会删除其成分,因此当我使用validated_data创建新配方时,没有相关的成分。< / p>

然而,我似乎无法找到一种方法来保留与食谱相关的成分。

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:37)

我发现在创建所有未创建的对象之前,无法建立ManyToMany关系。 (参见Django Docs page on many-to-many relationships。)

这是工作代码:

<强> serializers.py

class RecipeSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    ingredients = IngredientSerializer(many=True)

    class Meta:
        model = Recipe

    def create(self, validated_data):
        ingredients_data = validated_data.pop('ingredients')
        recipe = Recipe.objects.create(**validated_data)

        for ingredient in ingredients_data:
            ingredient, created = Ingredient.objects.get_or_create(name=ingredient['name'])
            recipe.ingredients.add(ingredient)
        return recipe

UPDATE:

根据@StevePiercy的要求,下面是我的update()代码。 然而,我多年没有看过这个,如果它是正确的还是好的,我也不知道。我已经有一段时间没有使用过Python或Django了,所以请稍等一下:

def update(self, instance, validated_data):
    ingredients_data = validated_data.pop('ingredients')

    instance.name = validated_data.get('name', instance.name)
    instance.description = validated_data.get('description', instance.description)
    instance.directions = validated_data.get('directions', instance.directions)
    instance.photo = validated_data.get('photo', instance.photo)

    ingredients_list = []

    for ingredient in ingredients_data:
        ingredient, created = Ingredient.objects.get_or_create(name=ingredient["name"])
        ingredients_list.append(ingredient)

    instance.ingredients = ingredients_list
    instance.save()
    return instance

答案 1 :(得分:8)

这是这个问题的一个小例子。

通过此更改代码的这一部分。

    def create(self, validated_data):
        ingredients_data = validated_data.pop('ingredients')
        recipe = Recipe.objects.create(**validated_data)

        for ingredient in ingredients_data:
            ingredient, created = Ingredient.objects.get_or_create(name=ingredient['name'])
            recipe.ingredients.add(ingredient)
        return recipe

这是编辑方法,在您想要编辑时会导致错误。

    def update(self, instance, validated_data):
        ingredients_data = validated_data.pop('ingredients')
        instance.name = validated_data['name']
        instance.description = validated_data['description']
        instance.directions = validated_data['directions']

        for ingredient in ingredients_data:
            ingredient, created = Ingredient.objects.get_or_create(name=ingredient['name'])
            recipe.ingredients.add(ingredient)
        return instance

这是一个带有示例的链接,这段代码类似于另一个答案,但是如果你想尝试代码,这里没有问题就是repo。祝好运! DRF Nested serializers