C#"继承"静态方法?

时间:2015-01-21 21:50:34

标签: c# inheritance static-methods

以下是我想要完成的一个例子:

abstract class DoSomething
{
    static void DoWhateverItIsThatIDo()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("You asked the abstract class to work. Too bad.");
    }
}

class InspireMe : DoSomething
{
    static void DoWhateverItIsThatIDo()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("You are amazing.");
    }
}

class InsultMe : DoSomething
{
    static void DoWhateverItIsThatIDo()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("You aren't worth it.");
    }
}

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        DoSomething worker = InsultMe;
        worker.DoWhateverItIsThatIDo(); 

        worker = InspireMe;
        worker.DoWhateverItIsThatIDo();
    }
}

我来自Python背景,其中方法本身可以是一个变量,然后可以调用它。看起来C#没有这个概念,但我试图完成类似的事情。

我的想法是我想要一个可以是抽象类型的变量,这样就可以在其中存在许多不同类型的子类型。所有这些亚型都有一定的方法。我希望能够将任何这些子类型分配给抽象类型的此变量,然后调用子类型中存在的静态方法。

在C#术语中,我希望能够将分配给变量,而不是类的实例,然后调用该类' s静态方法。

工厂听起来可能在正确的道路上,但我不确定工厂本身如何能够生成对的这些引用(而不是创建实例)

我可以修改它来使用实例,但是假设我想要生成每种类型的类的静态方法,所有这些类仍然继承自基类型。

我觉得最有可能做到这一点 - 有人可以提出建议吗?

5 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

在您描述的意义上,您不能将类用作C#中的变量。反射本质上允许你将类型视为变量并动态调用它们上的静态成员,但它会很乱并且不是类型安全的。

通过使用单例模式,你基本上可以完成你想要做的事情:

interface IDoSomething
{
    void DoWhateverItIsThatIDo();
}

class DoSomething : IDoSomething
{
    private DoSomething() {}
    internal static readonly IDoSomething Instance;
    static DoSomething()
    {
        Instance = new DoSomething();
    }

    public void DoWhateverItIsThatIDo()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("You asked the abstract class to work. Too bad.");
    }
}

class InspireMe : IDoSomething
{
    private InspireMe() {}
    internal static readonly IDoSomething Instance;
    static InspireMe()
    {
        Instance = new InspireMe();
    }

    public void DoWhateverItIsThatIDo()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("You are amazing.");
    }
}

class InsultMe : IDoSomething
{
    private InsultMe() {}
    internal static readonly IDoSomething Instance;
    static InsultMe()
    {
        Instance = new InsultMe();
    }

    public void DoWhateverItIsThatIDo()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("You aren't worth it.");
    }
}
    
class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        IDoSomething worker = InsultMe.Instance;
        worker.DoWhateverItIsThatIDo(); 

        worker = InspireMe.Instance;
        worker.DoWhateverItIsThatIDo();
    }
}

答案 1 :(得分:1)

除了类和实例之外,您真正想要的是对具有特定签名的方法的引用,在您的情况下void ()

虽然无法为变量分配静态类,但可以以类型安全的方式为变量分配方法。在C#中,您通常会使用ActionFunc的重载,具体取决于方法签名的外观。

为了使这更有趣,让我们假设您想要引用类似int Foo(string, bool)的内容,只需使用类型为Func<string,bool,int>的变量,并为其分配任何具有此签名的方法。

解决问题的代码大概如下:

class DoSomething
{
    static void DoWhateverItIsThatIDo()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("You asked the abstract class to work. Too bad.");
    }
}

class InspireMe
{
    static void DoWhateverItIsThatIDo()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("You are amazing.");
    }
}

class InsultMe
{
    static void DoWhateverItIsThatIDo()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("You aren't worth it.");
    }
}

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        Action worker = InsultMe.DoWhateverItIsThatIDo;
        worker(); 

        worker = InspireMe.DoWhateverItIsThatIDo;
        worker();
    }
}

答案 2 :(得分:1)

解决方法可能是在基本抽象类中声明类型为Action的属性,该属性包含要调用的方法。然后在派生类实例化期间通过调用基类构造函数初始化此属性:

abstract class DoSomething
{
    public Action DoWhateverItIsThatIDo { get; set; }

    protected DoSomething() { DoWhateverItIsThatIDo = DoSomething.DoIt; }

    protected DoSomething(Action whatAction)
    {
        DoWhateverItIsThatIDo = whatAction;
    }

    protected static void DoIt()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("You asked the abstract class to work. Too bad.");
    }
}

class InspireMe : DoSomething
{
    public InspireMe() : base(InspireMe.DoIt) { }

    private static void DoIt()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("You are amazing.");
    }
}

class InsultMe : DoSomething
{
    public InsultMe() : base(InsultMe.DoIt) { }

    private static void DoIt()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("You aren't worth it.");
    }
}

class DoWhatBaseClassDoes : DoSomething
{
    public DoWhatBaseClassDoes() : base() {}
}

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        DoSomething worker = new InsultMe();
        worker.DoWhateverItIsThatIDo();

        worker = new InspireMe();
        worker.DoWhateverItIsThatIDo();

        // In this case base class method is invoked
        worker = new DoWhatBaseClassDoes();
        worker.DoWhateverItIsThatIDo();
    }
} 

答案 3 :(得分:0)

C#和Java都不能让你覆盖静态基类方法。

但是,您似乎仍在使用对象的引用(您的worker变量),那么为什么不使用非静态类方法?

(如果这不是您打算做的,请澄清。)

答案 4 :(得分:0)

我不是100%确定这是你想要的,但我写了一个模拟Prototypal inheritance in C#的库。

public class Foo: ProtoObject {}
public class Bar: Foo {}

dynamic myFoo = new Foo();
dynamic yourFoo = new Foo();
dynamic myBar = new Bar();

myFoo.Prototype.Name = "Josh";
myFoo.Prototype.SayHello = new Action(s => Console.WriteLine("Hello, " + s));

yourFoo.SayHello(myBar.Name); // 'Hello, Josh'

这当然涉及大量使用dynamic关键字,这可能没用,因为你会丢失大量的编译时检查。