可能重复:
How to generate dynamic (parametrized) unit tests in python?
我有一个测试函数under_test
和一组预期的输入/输出对:
[
(2, 332),
(234, 99213),
(9, 3),
# ...
]
我希望这些输入/输出对中的每一个都能用自己的test_*
方法进行测试。这可能吗?
这是我想要的,但是将每个输入/输出对强制为单个测试:
class TestPreReqs(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.expected_pairs = [(23, 55), (4, 32)]
def test_expected(self):
for exp in self.expected_pairs:
self.assertEqual(under_test(exp[0]), exp[1])
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
(另外,我真的希望将self.expected_pairs
的定义放在setUp
中吗?)
更新:尝试 doublep 的建议:
class TestPreReqs(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
expected_pairs = [
(2, 3),
(42, 11),
(3, None),
(31, 99),
]
for k, pair in expected_pairs:
setattr(TestPreReqs, 'test_expected_%d' % k, create_test(pair))
def create_test (pair):
def do_test_expected(self):
self.assertEqual(get_pre_reqs(pair[0]), pair[1])
return do_test_expected
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
这不起作用。运行0次测试。我是否错误地调整了示例?
答案 0 :(得分:47)
我必须做类似的事情。我创建了简单的TestCase
子类,它们在__init__
中获取了一个值,如下所示:
class KnownGood(unittest.TestCase):
def __init__(self, input, output):
super(KnownGood, self).__init__()
self.input = input
self.output = output
def runTest(self):
self.assertEqual(function_to_test(self.input), self.output)
然后我用这些值制作了一个测试套件:
def suite():
suite = unittest.TestSuite()
suite.addTests(KnownGood(input, output) for input, output in known_values)
return suite
然后您可以从主方法运行它:
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.TextTestRunner().run(suite())
这样做的好处是:
答案 1 :(得分:32)
未经测试:
class TestPreReqs(unittest.TestCase):
...
def create_test (pair):
def do_test_expected(self):
self.assertEqual(under_test(pair[0]), pair[1])
return do_test_expected
for k, pair in enumerate ([(23, 55), (4, 32)]):
test_method = create_test (pair)
test_method.__name__ = 'test_expected_%d' % k
setattr (TestPreReqs, test_method.__name__, test_method)
如果你经常使用它,你可以通过使用效用函数和/或装饰器来解决这个问题。请注意,在此示例中,对不是TestPreReqs
对象的属性(因此setUp
已消失)。相反,它们在TestPreReqs
类的某种意义上是“硬连线”。
答案 2 :(得分:25)
与Python一样,有一种复杂的方法可以提供简单的解决方案。
在这种情况下,我们可以使用元编程,装饰器和各种漂亮的Python技巧来实现一个不错的结果。以下是最终测试的结果:
import unittest
# some magic code will be added here later
class DummyTest(unittest.TestCase):
@for_examples(1, 2)
@for_examples(3, 4)
def test_is_smaller_than_four(self, value):
self.assertTrue(value < 4)
@for_examples((1,2),(2,4),(3,7))
def test_double_of_X_is_Y(self, x, y):
self.assertEqual(2 * x, y)
if __name__ == "__main__":
unittest.main()
执行此脚本时,结果为:
..F...F
======================================================================
FAIL: test_double_of_X_is_Y(3,7)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/xdecoret/Documents/foo.py", line 22, in method_for_example
method(self, *example)
File "/Users/xdecoret/Documents/foo.py", line 41, in test_double_of_X_is_Y
self.assertEqual(2 * x, y)
AssertionError: 6 != 7
======================================================================
FAIL: test_is_smaller_than_four(4)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/xdecoret/Documents/foo.py", line 22, in method_for_example
method(self, *example)
File "/Users/xdecoret/Documents/foo.py", line 37, in test_is_smaller_than_four
self.assertTrue(value < 4)
AssertionError
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 7 tests in 0.001s
FAILED (failures=2)
实现了我们的目标:
那它是如何运作的。基本上,装饰器将示例存储在函数的属性中。我们使用元类用函数列表替换每个修饰函数。我们将unittest.TestCase替换为我们的新魔法代码(将粘贴在上面的“魔术”评论中):
__examples__ = "__examples__"
def for_examples(*examples):
def decorator(f, examples=examples):
setattr(f, __examples__, getattr(f, __examples__,()) + examples)
return f
return decorator
class TestCaseWithExamplesMetaclass(type):
def __new__(meta, name, bases, dict):
def tuplify(x):
if not isinstance(x, tuple):
return (x,)
return x
for methodname, method in dict.items():
if hasattr(method, __examples__):
dict.pop(methodname)
examples = getattr(method, __examples__)
delattr(method, __examples__)
for example in (tuplify(x) for x in examples):
def method_for_example(self, method = method, example = example):
method(self, *example)
methodname_for_example = methodname + "(" + ", ".join(str(v) for v in example) + ")"
dict[methodname_for_example] = method_for_example
return type.__new__(meta, name, bases, dict)
class TestCaseWithExamples(unittest.TestCase):
__metaclass__ = TestCaseWithExamplesMetaclass
pass
unittest.TestCase = TestCaseWithExamples
如果有人想要很好地打包,或者提出一个针对unittest的补丁,请随意!我的名字的引用将不胜感激。
- 编辑--------
如果您准备使用帧内省(导入sys模块),代码可以更简单并完全封装在装饰器中
def for_examples(*parameters):
def tuplify(x):
if not isinstance(x, tuple):
return (x,)
return x
def decorator(method, parameters=parameters):
for parameter in (tuplify(x) for x in parameters):
def method_for_parameter(self, method=method, parameter=parameter):
method(self, *parameter)
args_for_parameter = ",".join(repr(v) for v in parameter)
name_for_parameter = method.__name__ + "(" + args_for_parameter + ")"
frame = sys._getframe(1) # pylint: disable-msg=W0212
frame.f_locals[name_for_parameter] = method_for_parameter
return None
return decorator
答案 3 :(得分:11)
#!/usr/bin/env python
# file: test_pairs_nose.py
from nose.tools import eq_ as eq
from mymodule import f
def test_pairs():
for input, output in [ (2, 332), (234, 99213), (9, 3), ]:
yield _test_f, input, output
def _test_f(input, output):
try:
eq(f(input), output)
except AssertionError:
if input == 9: # expected failure
from nose.exc import SkipTest
raise SkipTest("expected failure")
else:
raise
if __name__=="__main__":
import nose; nose.main()
示例:
$ nosetests test_pairs_nose -v
test_pairs_nose.test_pairs(2, 332) ... ok
test_pairs_nose.test_pairs(234, 99213) ... ok
test_pairs_nose.test_pairs(9, 3) ... SKIP: expected failure
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 3 tests in 0.001s
OK (SKIP=1)
#!/usr/bin/env python
import unittest2 as unittest
from mymodule import f
def add_tests(generator):
def class_decorator(cls):
"""Add tests to `cls` generated by `generator()`."""
for f, input, output in generator():
test = lambda self, i=input, o=output, f=f: f(self, i, o)
test.__name__ = "test_%s(%r, %r)" % (f.__name__, input, output)
setattr(cls, test.__name__, test)
return cls
return class_decorator
def _test_pairs():
def t(self, input, output):
self.assertEqual(f(input), output)
for input, output in [ (2, 332), (234, 99213), (9, 3), ]:
tt = t if input != 9 else unittest.expectedFailure(t)
yield tt, input, output
class TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
pass
TestCase = add_tests(_test_pairs)(TestCase)
if __name__=="__main__":
unittest.main()
示例:
$ python test_pairs_unit2.py -v
test_t(2, 332) (__main__.TestCase) ... ok
test_t(234, 99213) (__main__.TestCase) ... ok
test_t(9, 3) (__main__.TestCase) ... expected failure
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 3 tests in 0.000s
OK (expected failures=1)
如果您不想安装unittest2
,请添加:
try:
import unittest2 as unittest
except ImportError:
import unittest
if not hasattr(unittest, 'expectedFailure'):
import functools
def _expectedFailure(func):
@functools.wraps(func)
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
try:
func(*args, **kwargs)
except AssertionError:
pass
else:
raise AssertionError("UnexpectedSuccess")
return wrapper
unittest.expectedFailure = _expectedFailure
答案 4 :(得分:6)
可用于在Python中进行参数化测试的一些工具是:
有关此问题的更多答案,另请参阅question 1676269。
答案 5 :(得分:2)
答案 6 :(得分:1)
我认为Rory的解决方案是最干净,最短的。但是,doublep的“在TestCase中创建合成函数”的这种变化也有效:
from functools import partial
class TestAllReports(unittest.TestCase):
pass
def test_spamreport(name):
assert classify(getSample(name))=='spamreport', name
for rep in REPORTS:
testname = 'test_'+rep
testfunc = partial(test_spamreport, rep)
testfunc.__doc__ = testname
setattr( TestAllReports, testname, testfunc )
if __name__=='__main__':
unittest.main(argv=sys.argv + ['--verbose'])