通用类型,以便一个方法的结果可以再次用作其他方法的参数

时间:2015-01-15 08:46:46

标签: scala generics generic-variance

我的代码可归结为Factory初始化对象,然后再次使用该对象执行其他操作:

trait Factory[T] {
  def initialize(): T;

  def finish(t: T): Unit;
}

据我了解,initialize的结果应始终适合传递给finish任何一个Factory实例,而不管T

工厂本身在不知道T是什么的地方被调用:

object Minimal {
  object StringFactory extends Factory[String] {}
  val factories = Map[Int, Factory[_]](0 -> StringFactory)

  val factory = factories(0)

  // (1)
  val obj = factory.initialize()
  factory.finish(obj)

  // (2)
  def wrapper[T](factory: Factory[T]): Unit = {
    val obj = factory.initialize()
    factory.finish(obj)
  }
  wrapper(factory)
}

虽然变体(2)有效,但变体(1)不起作用:

type mismatch; found : Minimal.obj.type (with underlying type Any) required: _$6

但我无法弄清楚如何解决这个问题。它甚至可能吗?

编译器通过调用它无法弄清楚的wrapper方法获得了什么?从我的角度来看,obj的类型应该是_$6,因为编译器似乎将_的捕获命名为。如何让编译器意识到这一点,而不必为它引入一个全新的方法?

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

存在类型在将其实例赋值给val本身之后会失去其存在性并变为上限,因此任何没有这种赋值的方法都会起作用,包括:

 scala> trait Factory[T] { type TT = T; def initialize(): TT; def finish(t: TT): Unit;}
 defined trait Factory

 scala> val factory: Factory[_] = new Factory[Int] {def initialize = 5; def finish(t: Int) {}}
 factory: Factory[_] = $anon$1@31d0ca61

 scala> factory.finish(factory.initialize())

这不起作用:

scala> val obj = factory.initialize()
obj: Any = 5

scala> factory.finish(obj)
<console>:11: error: type mismatch;
 found   : Any
 required: factory.TT
    (which expands to)  _$1
              factory.finish(obj)
                             ^

这是因为scala不会将它们的类型视为相等(除非两者都是同一类型的成员),因为存在性意味着intialize()可能会返回Any的任何子类,而finish()可能会接受任何({1}}并不总是相同的)Any的子类:

scala> trait Factory[T] { def initialize(): T; def finish(t: T): Unit;}
defined trait Factory

scala> val factory: Factory[_] = new Factory[Int] {def initialize = 5; def finish(t: Int) {}}
factory: Factory[_] = $anon$1@6e5da49

scala> factory.finish(factory.initialize())
<console>:10: error: type mismatch;
 found   : (some other)_$1(in value factory)
 required: _$1(in value factory)
              factory.finish(factory.initialize())
                                               ^

因此,绑定输入和输出的唯一方法是在它们之间共享类型成员。

答案 1 :(得分:2)

一种解决方案是用抽象类型完全替换type参数:

trait Factory {
  type T
  def initialize(): T;

  def finish(t: T): Unit;
}

object Minimal {
  object StringFactory extends Factory { 
    type T = String
    def initialize(): T = ???
    def finish(t: T): Unit = ??? 
  }
  val factories = Map[Int, Factory](0 -> StringFactory)

  val factory: Factory = factories(0)

  // (1)
  val obj: factory.T = factory.initialize()
  // Or simply (relying on inference): val obj = factory.initialize()      
  factory.finish(obj)

  // (2)
  def wrapper(factory: Factory): Unit = {
    val obj = factory.initialize()
    factory.finish(obj)
  }
  wrapper(factory)
}

答案 2 :(得分:1)

基于Régis'answer,我发现编译器推断obj: Factory.T。从那里开始,将它与dk14的suggestion结合使用type TT = T是一小步。结果是这个,但是通用和静态类型检查,没有引入包装器方法。感谢两者!

完全回答原始问题

  

从我的观点来看,obj的类型应该是_ $ 6,因为编译器似乎将_的捕获命名为。如何让编译器意识到这一点,而不必为它引入一个全新的方法?

_$6提供明确的名称TT。当然,这些方法也需要使用该名称。

trait Factory[T] {
  type TT = T
  def initialize(): TT;

  def finish(t: TT): Unit;
}

object Minimal {
  object StringFactory extends Factory[String] {
    def initialize(): TT = ""
    def finish(t: TT): Unit = {}
  }
  val factories = Map[Int, Factory[_]](0 -> StringFactory)

  val factory = factories(0)

  // (1)
  val obj: factory.TT = factory.initialize()
  factory.finish(obj)

  // (2)
  def wrapper[T](factory: Factory[T]): Unit = {
    val obj = factory.initialize()
    factory.finish(obj)
  }
  wrapper(factory)
}