Question

我在Access和SQL编程方面相当新。我正在尝试执行以下操作：

Sum(SO_SalesOrderPaymentHistoryLineT.Amount) AS [Sum Of PaymentPerYear]

并且即使在某些年份没有金额的情况下也会逐年分组。我希望将这些年份列为包含图表的报告。我不确定这是否可行，但我们非常感谢你的每一点帮助。

到目前为止我的代码如下：

SELECT
  Base_CustomerT.SalesRep,
  SO_SalesOrderT.CustomerId,
  Base_CustomerT.Customer,
  SO_SalesOrderPaymentHistoryLineT.DatePaid,
  Sum(SO_SalesOrderPaymentHistoryLineT.Amount) AS [Sum Of PaymentPerYear]

FROM
  Base_CustomerT
  INNER JOIN (
    SO_SalesOrderPaymentHistoryLineT
      INNER JOIN SO_SalesOrderT
        ON SO_SalesOrderPaymentHistoryLineT.SalesOrderId = SO_SalesOrderT.SalesOrderId
  ) ON Base_CustomerT.CustomerId = SO_SalesOrderT.CustomerId

GROUP BY
  Base_CustomerT.SalesRep,
  SO_SalesOrderT.CustomerId,
  Base_CustomerT.Customer,
  SO_SalesOrderPaymentHistoryLineT.DatePaid,
  SO_SalesOrderPaymentHistoryLineT.PaymentType,
  Base_CustomerT.IsActive

HAVING
  (((SO_SalesOrderPaymentHistoryLineT.PaymentType)=1)
  AND ((Base_CustomerT.IsActive)=Yes))

ORDER BY
  Base_CustomerT.SalesRep,
  Base_CustomerT.Customer;

Answer 1

您需要列出所有年份的另一个表 - 您可以动态创建此表，或者在数据库中添加一个...从中加入。因此，如果您有一个名为alltheyears的表，其中一个名为y的列刚刚列出了年份，那么您可以使用这样的代码：

 WITH minmax as
 (
    select min(year(SO_SalesOrderPaymentHistoryLineT.DatePaid) as minyear,
           max(year(SO_SalesOrderPaymentHistoryLineT.DatePaid) as maxyear)
    from SalesOrderPaymentHistoryLineT
 ), yearsused as
 (
    select y
    from alltheyears, minmax
    where alltheyears.y >= minyear and alltheyears.y <= maxyear
 )
 select *
 from yearsused
 join ( -- your query above goes here! -- ) T 
    ON year(T.SO_SalesOrderPaymentHistoryLineT.DatePaid) = yearsused.y

Answer 2

您需要一个提供年份数字的数据源。你不能凭空制造它们。假设您有一个表Interesting_year，其中包含一列year，例如填充了2000到2050之间的每个不同整数，您可以执行以下操作：

SELECT
  base.SalesRep,
  base.CustomerId,
  base.Customer,
  base.year,
  Sum(NZ(data.Amount)) AS [Sum Of PaymentPerYear]

FROM
  (SELECT * FROM Base_CustomerT INNER JOIN Year) AS base
  LEFT JOIN
  (SELECT * FROM
    SO_SalesOrderT
    INNER JOIN SO_SalesOrderPaymentHistoryLineT
      ON (SO_SalesOrderPaymentHistoryLineT.SalesOrderId = SO_SalesOrderT.SalesOrderId)
  ) AS data
    ON ((base.CustomerId = data.CustomerId)
      AND (base.year = Year(data.DatePaid))),

WHERE
  (data.PaymentType = 1)
  AND (base.IsActive = Yes)
  AND (base.year BETWEEN
    (SELECT Min(year(DatePaid) FROM SO_SalesOrderPaymentHistoryLineT)
    AND (SELECT Max(year(DatePaid) FROM SO_SalesOrderPaymentHistoryLineT))

GROUP BY
  base.SalesRep,
  base.CustomerId,
  base.Customer,
  base.year,

ORDER BY
  base.SalesRep,
  base.Customer;

请注意以下事项：

修订后的查询首先形成BaseCustomerT与Interesting_year的笛卡尔积，以便将基本客户数据与每年相关联（有时称为CROSS JOIN，但它为＆＃39} ; s与没有连接谓词的INNER JOIN相同，这是Access要求的）
为了使结果行多年没有付款，您必须执行外部联接（在本例中为LEFT JOIN）。如果（基本客户，年份）组合没有关联订单，则联接结果的其余列将为NULL。
我从Base_CustomerT中选择了CustomerId，因为如果您从NULL中选择了SO_SalesOrderT，则有时会获得Nz()
我使用访问NULL功能将HAVING付款金额转换为0（与未付款的年份对应的行）
我将您的WHERE子句转换为WHERE子句。在这种特定情况下，它在语义上是等效的，并且它会更高效，因为{<1}}过滤器在组形成之前应用，并且因为它允许从某些列中省略某些列GROUP BY条款。

按照Hogan的例子，我会在数据覆盖的整个范围之外过滤数年。或者，通过确保表Intersting_year仅包含您想要结果的年份数字，您可以在没有该过滤条件及其子查询的情况下实现相同的效果。

更新：将查询修改为不同的，但逻辑上相同的＆＃34;类似这样的＆＃34;我希望Access会更好。除了添加一堆括号外，主要区别在于将LEFT JOIN的左右操作数都放入子查询中。这与解决Access＆＃34;模糊外连接的共识建议一致＆＃34;错误。

Answer 3

感谢John的帮助。我找到了一个适合我的解决方案。它看起来很安静，但我从中学到了很多东西。如果您对此感兴趣，请立即了解它。

SELECT DISTINCTROW
  Base_Customer_RevenueYearQ.SalesRep,
  Base_Customer_RevenueYearQ.CustomerId,
  Base_Customer_RevenueYearQ.Customer,
  Base_Customer_RevenueYearQ.RevenueYear,
  CustomerPaymentPerYearQ.[Sum Of PaymentPerYear]
FROM
  Base_Customer_RevenueYearQ
  LEFT JOIN CustomerPaymentPerYearQ
    ON (Base_Customer_RevenueYearQ.RevenueYear = CustomerPaymentPerYearQ.[RevenueYear])
      AND (Base_Customer_RevenueYearQ.CustomerId = CustomerPaymentPerYearQ.CustomerId)
GROUP BY
  Base_Customer_RevenueYearQ.SalesRep,
  Base_Customer_RevenueYearQ.CustomerId,
  Base_Customer_RevenueYearQ.Customer,
  Base_Customer_RevenueYearQ.RevenueYear,
  CustomerPaymentPerYearQ.[Sum Of PaymentPerYear]
;

在Group By查询中包含缺少的年份

3 个答案: