我在编译器上使用移动语义,它有rvalue引用但不支持默认的移动构造函数。我想生成类似下面的包装类,即使模板参数是左值引用也可以。但是,这种简单的方法无法编译,因为它尝试初始化int&来自int。
#define USER_DEFINED 0
template <typename T>
struct Wrapper
{
Wrapper(T t)
: m_t(t)
{
}
Wrapper(const Wrapper&) = delete;
Wrapper& operator=(const Wrapper&) = delete;
#if USER_DEFINED
Wrapper(Wrapper&& w)
: m_t(std::move(w.m_t))
{
}
#else
Wrapper(Wrapper&&) = default;
#endif
private:
T m_t;
};
int main()
{
int i = 0;
Wrapper<int&> w1 = Wrapper<int&>(i);
Wrapper<std::string> w2 = Wrapper<std::string>("text");
}
显而易见的解决方案是拥有两个移动构造函数,一个用于左值引用,另一个用于所有其他类型。像这样的东西:
template <typename U = T>
Wrapper(typename std::enable_if<!std::is_lvalue_reference<U>::value, Wrapper>::type&& w)
: m_t(std::move(w.m_t))
{
}
template <typename U = T>
Wrapper(typename std::enable_if<std::is_lvalue_reference<U>::value, Wrapper>::type&& w)
: m_t(w.m_t)
{
}
这是要走的路吗?也许enable_if<>
中的表达式应该更通用?或者我可以使用与std :: move()不同的东西,并为所有类型使用一个构造函数吗?
答案 0 :(得分:4)
好的,这是一个我认为可以按你的需要工作的解决方案,但我必须承认我并不完全理解它是如何工作的。
我所做的最重要的改变是在移动构造函数中用std::forward<T>
替换std::move
。我还添加了一个移动赋值运算符,但这是我不明白的事情:除非在其他地方,它需要std::move
而不是std::forward
!最后,我还在您的构造函数中添加了一个std::forward
,它接受T
,因此它不会生成两个的参数副本。实际上我们需要按值接受T
并在此处使用std::forward
。如果const T&
是引用,那么T&&
和T
的重载会失败,因为T&&
也会collapse到左值引用,并且重载变得模棱两可。
#include <iostream>
#include <utility>
template <typename T>
class Wrapper
{
public:
Wrapper(T t) : m_t {std::forward<T>(t)}
{
}
Wrapper(Wrapper&& w) : m_t {std::forward<T>(w.m_t)}
{
}
Wrapper(const Wrapper&) = delete;
Wrapper&
operator=(Wrapper&& w)
{
if (this != &w)
this->m_t = std::move(w.m_t);
return *this;
}
Wrapper&
operator=(const Wrapper&) = delete;
private:
T m_t;
};
现在,让我们带一个带有检测类型的试驾,让我们看看发生了什么。
struct A
{
A ()
{
std::cerr << "A was default-constructed" << std::endl;
}
A (const A&)
{
std::cerr << "A was copy-constructed" << std::endl;
}
A (A&&)
{
std::cerr << "A was move-constructed" << std::endl;
}
A&
operator=(const A&)
{
std::cerr << "A was copy-assigned" << std::endl;
return *this;
}
A&
operator=(A&&)
{
std::cerr << "A was move-assigned" << std::endl;
return *this;
}
~A ()
{
std::cerr << "A was destroyed" << std::endl;
}
};
int main()
{
A a {};
Wrapper<A> val1 {a};
Wrapper<A> val2 {std::move(val1)};
val1 = std::move(val2);
Wrapper<A&> ref1 {a};
Wrapper<A&> ref2 {std::move(ref1)};
ref1 = std::move(ref2);
}
使用GCC 4.9.1进行编译(整个练习实际上是毫无意义的,因为它支持已开箱即用的所有类型的动作。)并关闭所有优化,输出如下(添加注释)。
A was default-constructed ; automatic variable a in main
A was copy-constructed ; copied as Wrapper<A>'s constructor argument
A was move-constructed ; forwarded in Wrapper<A>'s initializer
A was destroyed ; the moved-away from copy as the constructor returns
A was move-constructed ; forwarded in Wrapper<A>'s move-constructor
A was move-assigned ; move-assignment operator in Wrapper<A>
A was move-assigned ; not sure about this one... (apparently caused by the Wrapper<A&> move-assignment)
A was destroyed ; the sub-object of val2
A was destroyed ; the sub-object of val1
A was destroyed ; the automatic variable a in main