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时间:2015-01-06 14:52:51

标签: javascript resig

How can I call a javascript constructor using call or apply?

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但不一样,我试图在未正确调用的情况下将SO答案应用于John Resig's forcing a constructor

function User(first, last){ 
  if ( !(this instanceof User) )
    // the line I want to replace, or remove the redundancy from:
    return new User(first, last);

  this.name = first + " " + last; 
} 

var name = "Resig"; 
var user = User("John", name); 

assert( user, "This was defined correctly, even if it was by mistake." ); 
assert( name == "Resig", "The right name was maintained." );

目标代码行意味着每次构造函数更改时,都必须记住更改内部自调用参数。在过去的3天里,我已经在这个问题上进行了3次项目旅行。

链接问题中的所有示例都谈到了传递constructor,但在这种情况下constructor是什么?它还没有完成定义。

但到目前为止,所有尝试都没有通过测试,或抛出stackoverflow。

如果不使用instanceof User关键字调用,我如何确保被调用的构造函数能够产生对new正确响应的内容,同时消除参数参数的重复?

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

一些选项,全部使用Object.create

选项1:

function User(first, last){ 
  var rv;

  if ( !(this instanceof User) ) {
    // They called us without `new`: Create an object backed by `User.prototype`:
    rv = Object.create(User.prototype);

    // Now, call this function applying the arguments
    User.apply(rv, arguments);

    // Return the object
    return rv;
  }

  // Normal constructor stuff    
  this.name = first + " " + last; 
} 

当然,对于您创建的每个构造函数,都不必重复所有逻辑,您可以使用辅助函数:

function constructWith(obj, ctor, args) {
    if (obj instanceof ctor) {
        return null;
    }
    obj = Object.create(ctor.prototype);
    ctor.apply(obj, args);
    return obj;
}

然后

function User(first, last){ 
  var rv;

  if ((rv = constructWith(this, User, arguments)) != null) {
      return rv;
  }

  // Normal constructor stuff    
  this.name = first + " " + last; 
} 

选项2:不要多使用this

function User(first, last){ 
  var rv;

  if (this instanceof User) {
    // They (probably) used `new`, all is good, use `this`
    rv = this;
  } else {
    // They didn't use `new`, create an object backed by `User.prototype`
    rv = Object.create(User.prototype);
  }

  // ...use `rv`, not `this`, from here on

  rv.name = first + " " + last; 

  // This is important for the case where they didn't use `new`, and harmless
  // in the case where they did.
  return rv;
} 

正如你所看到的,这更简单,但是如果你真的喜欢你的语法突出显示(严肃地说,我有一个客户端真正重要的是this跳出来)等......

当然,你可以把它包装成帮手:

function useOrConstruct(obj, ctor) {
    return obj instanceof ctor ? obj : Object.create(ctor.prototype);
}

然后

function User(first, last){ 
  var rv = useOrConstruct(this, User);

  // ...use `rv`, not `this`, from here on

  rv.name = first + " " + last; 

  // This is important for the case where they didn't use `new`, and harmless
  // in the case where they did.
  return rv;
} 

选项3:constructOMatic

当然,如果我们要定义帮助者,也许我们应该全力以赴:

function User() {
    return constructOMatic(this, User, arguments, function(first, last) {
        this.name = first + " " + last;
    });
}

...其中constructOMatic是:

function constructOMatic(obj, ctor, args, callback) {
    var rv;
    if (!(obj instanceof ctor)) {
        obj = Object.create(ctor.prototype);
    }
    rv = callback.apply(obj, args);
    return rv !== null && typeof rv === "object" ? rv : obj;
}

现在,您可以在回调中使用this到您心中的内容。最后在rv中摆弄objreturn的对象是模仿new的行为(new表达式的结果就是对象由new运算符创建,除非构造函数返回非null对象引用,在这种情况下优先使用。)


Object.create是在所有现代浏览器中都可以找到的ES5功能,但上面使用的单参数版本可以为过时的浏览器进行填充:

if (!Object.create) {
    Object.create = function(proto, props) {
        if (typeof props !== "undefined") {
            throw "The two-argument version of Object.create cannot be shimmed.";
        }
        function ctor() { }
        ctor.prototype = proto;
        return new ctor; // Yes, you really don't need () (but put them on if you prefer)
    };
}

答案 1 :(得分:0)

复制和粘贴非常简单,代码很干净。你无需改变它。

如果您接受 eval ,则可以这样做:

function User(first, last){ 
  if ( !(this instanceof arguments.callee) ) {
    var name = arguments.callee.name;
    var param = [].map.call(arguments,function(e,i){return 'arguments['+i+']';});
    return eval('new '+name+'('+ param +')');
  }

  this.name = first + " " + last;
}

//test
var user1 = User("John", "Resig");
var user2 = new User("John", "Resig");

如果没有 eval ,您可以这样做:

function instantiate(C,a){
    switch(a.length){
        case 0: return new C();
        case 1: return new C(a[0]);
        case 2: return new C(a[0],a[1]);
        case 3: return new C(a[0],a[1],a[2]);
        case 4: return new C(a[0],a[1],a[2],a[3]);
        default : throw("too many arguments");
    }
}

function User(first, last){ 
  if ( !(this instanceof arguments.callee) ) {
    return instantiate(arguments.callee, arguments);
  }

  this.name = first + " " + last;
}


//test
var user1 = User("John", "Resig");
var user2 = new User("John", "Resig");

在ECMAScript 6中,您可以使用spread运算符将带有new关键字的构造函数应用于参数数组:

"use strict";
function User(first, last){ 
  if ( !(this instanceof User) ) {
    return new User(...arguments);
  }

  this.name = first + " " + last;
}