与How can I call a javascript constructor using call or apply?
相关但不一样,我试图在未正确调用的情况下将SO答案应用于John Resig's forcing a constructor。
function User(first, last){
if ( !(this instanceof User) )
// the line I want to replace, or remove the redundancy from:
return new User(first, last);
this.name = first + " " + last;
}
var name = "Resig";
var user = User("John", name);
assert( user, "This was defined correctly, even if it was by mistake." );
assert( name == "Resig", "The right name was maintained." );
目标代码行意味着每次构造函数更改时,都必须记住更改内部自调用参数。在过去的3天里,我已经在这个问题上进行了3次项目旅行。
链接问题中的所有示例都谈到了传递constructor
,但在这种情况下constructor
是什么?它还没有完成定义。
但到目前为止,所有尝试都没有通过测试,或抛出stackoverflow。
如果不使用instanceof User
关键字调用,我如何确保被调用的构造函数能够产生对new
正确响应的内容,同时消除参数参数的重复?
答案 0 :(得分:3)
一些选项,全部使用Object.create
:
function User(first, last){
var rv;
if ( !(this instanceof User) ) {
// They called us without `new`: Create an object backed by `User.prototype`:
rv = Object.create(User.prototype);
// Now, call this function applying the arguments
User.apply(rv, arguments);
// Return the object
return rv;
}
// Normal constructor stuff
this.name = first + " " + last;
}
当然,对于您创建的每个构造函数,都不必重复所有逻辑,您可以使用辅助函数:
function constructWith(obj, ctor, args) {
if (obj instanceof ctor) {
return null;
}
obj = Object.create(ctor.prototype);
ctor.apply(obj, args);
return obj;
}
然后
function User(first, last){
var rv;
if ((rv = constructWith(this, User, arguments)) != null) {
return rv;
}
// Normal constructor stuff
this.name = first + " " + last;
}
this
:function User(first, last){
var rv;
if (this instanceof User) {
// They (probably) used `new`, all is good, use `this`
rv = this;
} else {
// They didn't use `new`, create an object backed by `User.prototype`
rv = Object.create(User.prototype);
}
// ...use `rv`, not `this`, from here on
rv.name = first + " " + last;
// This is important for the case where they didn't use `new`, and harmless
// in the case where they did.
return rv;
}
正如你所看到的,这更简单,但是如果你真的喜欢你的语法突出显示(严肃地说,我有一个客户端真正重要的是this
跳出来)等......
当然,你可以把它包装成帮手:
function useOrConstruct(obj, ctor) {
return obj instanceof ctor ? obj : Object.create(ctor.prototype);
}
然后
function User(first, last){
var rv = useOrConstruct(this, User);
// ...use `rv`, not `this`, from here on
rv.name = first + " " + last;
// This is important for the case where they didn't use `new`, and harmless
// in the case where they did.
return rv;
}
constructOMatic
当然,如果我们要定义帮助者,也许我们应该全力以赴:
function User() {
return constructOMatic(this, User, arguments, function(first, last) {
this.name = first + " " + last;
});
}
...其中constructOMatic
是:
function constructOMatic(obj, ctor, args, callback) {
var rv;
if (!(obj instanceof ctor)) {
obj = Object.create(ctor.prototype);
}
rv = callback.apply(obj, args);
return rv !== null && typeof rv === "object" ? rv : obj;
}
现在,您可以在回调中使用this
到您心中的内容。最后在rv
中摆弄obj
与return
的对象是模仿new
的行为(new
表达式的结果就是对象由new
运算符创建,除非构造函数返回非null
对象引用,在这种情况下优先使用。)
Object.create
是在所有现代浏览器中都可以找到的ES5功能,但上面使用的单参数版本可以为过时的浏览器进行填充:
if (!Object.create) {
Object.create = function(proto, props) {
if (typeof props !== "undefined") {
throw "The two-argument version of Object.create cannot be shimmed.";
}
function ctor() { }
ctor.prototype = proto;
return new ctor; // Yes, you really don't need () (but put them on if you prefer)
};
}
答案 1 :(得分:0)
复制和粘贴非常简单,代码很干净。你无需改变它。
如果您接受 eval
,则可以这样做:
function User(first, last){
if ( !(this instanceof arguments.callee) ) {
var name = arguments.callee.name;
var param = [].map.call(arguments,function(e,i){return 'arguments['+i+']';});
return eval('new '+name+'('+ param +')');
}
this.name = first + " " + last;
}
//test
var user1 = User("John", "Resig");
var user2 = new User("John", "Resig");
如果没有 eval
,您可以这样做:
function instantiate(C,a){
switch(a.length){
case 0: return new C();
case 1: return new C(a[0]);
case 2: return new C(a[0],a[1]);
case 3: return new C(a[0],a[1],a[2]);
case 4: return new C(a[0],a[1],a[2],a[3]);
default : throw("too many arguments");
}
}
function User(first, last){
if ( !(this instanceof arguments.callee) ) {
return instantiate(arguments.callee, arguments);
}
this.name = first + " " + last;
}
//test
var user1 = User("John", "Resig");
var user2 = new User("John", "Resig");
在ECMAScript 6中,您可以使用spread运算符将带有new关键字的构造函数应用于参数数组:
"use strict";
function User(first, last){
if ( !(this instanceof User) ) {
return new User(...arguments);
}
this.name = first + " " + last;
}