TestFirst.org词典课程关键字示例Ruby

时间:2015-01-04 01:08:53

标签: ruby dictionary rspec test-first

我正在使用TestFirst.org的Ruby教程。我目前正在上“词典”课。我被困在关键字示例上。这是Ruby文档以及RSpec文件。

我感到困惑的原因是我不确定这个例子是否正确。如果您遵循RSpec文件,“可以检查给定关键字是否存在”之前的示例使用add方法将“fish”添加到字典中。那么,在给我一个错误的例子中,包含?方法(我需要实现)应该返回false。

它应该返回false吗?我们不是在上面的例子中添加“鱼”吗?或者我错过了什么?

这是我的Ruby程序:

class Dictionary
    def initialize
        @entries = {}
    end

    def entries
        @entries
    end

    def keywords
        @entries.keys
    end

    def add(pairings)
        if pairings.is_a?(String)
            @entries[pairings] = nil 
        else
            pairings.each do |word, definition|
                @entries[word] = definition
            end
        end
    end

    def include?(keyword)
        @entries.keys.include?(keyword)
    end
end

以下是RSpec文件:     # # 话题     #     #*哈希     #*数组     #*实例变量     # * 常用表达     #

require 'dictionary'

describe Dictionary do
  before do
    @d = Dictionary.new
  end

  it 'is empty when created' do
    @d.entries.should == {}
  end

  it 'can add whole entries with keyword and definition' do
    @d.add('fish' => 'aquatic animal')
    @d.entries.should == {'fish' => 'aquatic animal'}
    @d.keywords.should == ['fish']
  end

  it 'add keywords (without definition)' do
    @d.add('fish')
    @d.entries.should == {'fish' => nil}
    @d.keywords.should == ['fish']
  end

  it 'can check whether a given keyword exists' do
    @d.include?('fish').should be_false
  end

  it "doesn't cheat when checking whether a given keyword exists" do
    @d.include?('fish').should be_false # if the method is empty, this test passes with nil returned
    @d.add('fish')
    @d.include?('fish').should be_true # confirms that it actually checks
    @d.include?('bird').should be_false # confirms not always returning true after add
  end

  it "doesn't include a prefix that wasn't added as a word in and of itself" do
    @d.add('fish')
    @d.include?('fi').should be_false
  end

  it "doesn't find a word in empty dictionary" do
    @d.find('fi').should be_empty # {}
  end

  it 'finds nothing if the prefix matches nothing' do
    @d.add('fiend')
    @d.add('great')
    @d.find('nothing').should be_empty
  end

  it "finds an entry" do
    @d.add('fish' => 'aquatic animal')
    @d.find('fish').should == {'fish' => 'aquatic animal'}
  end

  it 'finds multiple matches from a prefix and returns the entire entry (keyword + definition)' do
    @d.add('fish' => 'aquatic animal')
    @d.add('fiend' => 'wicked person')
    @d.add('great' => 'remarkable')
    @d.find('fi').should == {'fish' => 'aquatic animal', 'fiend' => 'wicked person'}
  end

  it 'lists keywords alphabetically' do
    @d.add('zebra' => 'African land animal with stripes')
    @d.add('fish' => 'aquatic animal')
    @d.add('apple' => 'fruit')
    @d.keywords.should == %w(apple fish zebra)
  end

  it 'can produce printable output like so: [keyword] "definition"' do
    @d.add('zebra' => 'African land animal with stripes')
    @d.add('fish' => 'aquatic animal')
    @d.add('apple' => 'fruit')
    @d.printable.should == %Q{[apple] "fruit"\n[fish] "aquatic animal"\n[zebra] "African land animal with stripes"}
  end
end

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

测试是正确的。您遗失的是before的工作原理。

在RSpec中,before没有参数的挂钩(或参数:each)指定在每次测试运行之前要采取的步骤,而不是(如人们所想的那样)在整个测试之前运行的步骤一套测试。

换句话说,before挂钩在第一次测试之前运行,然后在第二次测试之前运行,然后在第三次测试之前运行,依此类推。

执行顺序如下:

  1. before
  2. test1
  3. before
  4. test2
  5. before
  6. test3
  7. 在您的情况下,虽然在it 'add keywords (without definition)' do中将'fish'添加到@d是正确的,但这不会影响下一个测试,因为before挂钩之间运行其中两个,并用一个新的空@d对象替换Dictionary。因此,在测试#include?时,您要检查空Dictionary是否包含'fish',而不是before

    相反,如果您想在执行任何测试之前执行一次步骤,则应将before(:all) do @d = Dictionary.new end 块替换为:

    Dictionary

    在那种情况下,你是对的;测试将使用与之前所有测试相同的true,因此应该期望{{1}}。