我试图理解一个简单的c ++程序的汇编输出。这是我的C ++程序。
void func()
{}
int main()
{
func();
}
当我使用g ++和--save-temps选项获取上述程序的汇编代码时,我得到以下汇编代码。
.file "main.cpp"
.text
.globl _Z4funcv
.type _Z4funcv, @function
_Z4funcv:
.LFB0:
.cfi_startproc
pushq %rbp
.cfi_def_cfa_offset 16
.cfi_offset 6, -16
movq %rsp, %rbp
.cfi_def_cfa_register 6
popq %rbp
.cfi_def_cfa 7, 8
ret
.cfi_endproc
.LFE0:
.size _Z4funcv, .-_Z4funcv
.globl main
.type main, @function
main:
.LFB1:
.cfi_startproc
pushq %rbp
.cfi_def_cfa_offset 16
.cfi_offset 6, -16
movq %rsp, %rbp
.cfi_def_cfa_register 6
call _Z4funcv
movl $0, %eax
popq %rbp
.cfi_def_cfa 7, 8
ret
.cfi_endproc
.LFE1:
.size main, .-main
.ident "GCC: (Ubuntu 4.8.2-19ubuntu1) 4.8.2"
.section .note.GNU-stack,"",@progbits
根据我对装配的知识,任何装配程序应该有3个部分,分别是数据,文本和bss。文本部分也应以' global _start'开头。我在这个汇编代码中看不到它们中的任何一个。 有人可以帮我理解上面的汇编代码。如果你也可以与C ++代码相关,那就太好了。
非常感谢任何形式的帮助。
答案 0 :(得分:4)
嗯,这是一行一行......
.file "main.cpp" # Debugging info (not essential)
.text # Start of text section (i.e. your code)
.globl _Z4funcv # Let the function _Z4funcv be callable
# from outside (e.g. from your main routine)
.type _Z4funcv, @function # Debugging info (possibly not essential)
_Z4funcv: # _Z4funcv is effectively the "name" of your
# function (C++ "mangles" the name; exactly
# how depends on your compiler -- Google "C++
# name mangling" for more).
.LFB0: # Debugging info (possibly not essential)
.cfi_startproc # Provides additional debug info (ditto)
pushq %rbp # Store base pointer of caller function
# (standard function prologue -- Google
# "calling convention" or "cdecl")
.cfi_def_cfa_offset 16 # Provides additional debug info (ditto)
.cfi_offset 6, -16 # Provides additional debug info (ditto)
movq %rsp, %rbp # Reset base pointer to a sensible place
# for this function to put its local
# variables (if any). Standard function
# prologue.
.cfi_def_cfa_register 6 # Debug ...
popq %rbp # Restore the caller's base pointer
# Standard function epilogue
.cfi_def_cfa 7, 8 # Debug...
ret # Return from function
.cfi_endproc # Debug...
.LFE0: # Debug...
.size _Z4funcv, .-_Z4funcv # Debug...
.globl main # Declares that the main function
# is callable from outside
.type main, @function # Debug...
main: # Your main routine (name not mangled)
.LFB1: # Debug...
.cfi_startproc # Debug...
pushq %rbp # Store caller's base pointer
# (standard prologue)
.cfi_def_cfa_offset 16 # Debug...
.cfi_offset 6, -16 # Debug...
movq %rsp, %rbp # Reset base pointer
# (standard prologue)
.cfi_def_cfa_register 6 # Debug...
call _Z4funcv # Call `func` (note name mangled)
movl $0, %eax # Put `0` in eax (eax is return value)
popq %rbp # Restore caller's base pointer
# (standard epilogue)
.cfi_def_cfa 7, 8 # Debug...
ret # Return from main function
.cfi_endproc # Debug...
.LFE1:
.size main, .-main # Debug...
.ident "GCC: (Ubuntu 4.8.2-19ubuntu1) 4.8.2" # fluff
.section .note.GNU-stack,"",@progbits # fluff
如果链接器使用的是标准的C或C ++库(通常是它,除非你告诉它),链接器知道要查找main
(并且不是 start
)除此以外)。它将一些存根代码(包含start
)链接到最终的可执行文件中。
所以,真的,唯一重要的一点是......
.text
.globl _Z4funcv
_Z4funcv:
pushq %rbp
movq %rsp, %rbp
popq %rbp
ret
.globl main
main:
pushq %rbp
movq %rsp, %rbp
call _Z4funcv
movl $0, %eax
popq %rbp
ret
如果你想从头开始,并没有让所有复杂的标准库妨碍你的发现,你可以做这样的事情并获得与你的C ++代码相同的结果:
.text
.globl _func
_func: # Just as above, really
push %ebp
mov %esp, %ebp
pop %ebp
ret
.globl _start
_start: # A few changes here
push %ebp
mov %esp, %ebp
call _func
movl $1, %eax # Invoke the Linux 'exit' syscall
movl $0, %ebx # With a return value of 0 (pick any char!)
int $0x80 # Actual invocation
退出系统调用有点痛苦,但是必要的。如果你没有它,它会继续运行并运行过去"过去的#34;你的代码。因为这可能是重要的代码或数据,机器应该阻止您出现Segmentation Fault错误。退出呼叫可以避免这一切。如果您正在使用标准库(将在C ++示例中自动发生),则链接器会处理退出内容。
与gcc -nostdlib -o test test.s
编译(注意gcc被特别告知不使用标准库)。我应该说这是针对32位系统的,很可能不适用于64位系统。我没有64位系统可以测试,但也许一些有用的StackOverflower将会进行64位翻译。