在Perl中,我该如何理解:
$VAR1 = { '999' => { '998' => [ '908', '906', '0', '998', '907' ] } };
$VAR1 = { '999' => { '991' => [ '913', '920', '918', '998', '916', '919', '917', '915', '912', '914' ] } };
$VAR1 = { '999' => { '996' => [] } };
$VAR1 = { '999' => { '995' => [] } };
$VAR1 = { '999' => { '994' => [] } };
$VAR1 = { '999' => { '993' => [] } };
$VAR1 = { '999' => { '997' => [ '986', '987', '990', '984', '989', '988' ] } };
$VAR1 = { '995' => { '101' => [] } };
$VAR1 = { '995' => { '102' => [] } };
$VAR1 = { '995' => { '103' => [] } };
$VAR1 = { '995' => { '104' => [] } };
$VAR1 = { '995' => { '105' => [] } };
$VAR1 = { '995' => { '106' => [] } };
$VAR1 = { '995' => { '107' => [] } };
$VAR1 = { '994' => { '910' => [] } };
$VAR1 = { '993' => { '909' => [] } };
$VAR1 = { '993' => { '904' => [] } };
$VAR1 = { '994' => { '985' => [] } };
$VAR1 = { '994' => { '983' => [] } };
$VAR1 = { '993' => { '902' => [] } };
$VAR1 = { '999' => { '992' => [ '905' ] } };
到此:
$VAR1 = { '999:' => [
{ '992' => [ '905' ] },
{ '993' => [
{ '909' => [] },
{ '904' => [] },
{ '902' => [] }
] },
{ '994' => [
{ '910' => [] },
{ '985' => [] },
{ '983' => [] }
] },
{ '995' => [
{ '101' => [] },
{ '102' => [] },
{ '103' => [] },
{ '104' => [] },
{ '105' => [] },
{ '106' => [] },
{ '107' => [] }
] },
{ '996' => [] },
{ '997' => [ '986', '987', '990', '984', '989', '988' ] },
{ '998' => [ '908', '906', '0', '998', '907' ] },
{ '991' => [ '913', '920', '918', '998', '916', '919', '917', '915', '912', '914' ] }
]};
答案 0 :(得分:4)
我认为这比其他任何人都更接近:
这可以满足您的大部分需求。我没有把东西存储在奇异的数组中 哈希,因为我觉得这没有用。
您的方案不是常规方案。我试图在某种程度上对此进行泛化, 但是无法克服这段代码的奇异性。
首先,因为看起来你想用同样的东西来折叠所有东西 id进入合并实体(有例外),你必须通过结构下行 拉动实体的定义。跟踪水平,因为你 想要它们以树的形式。
接下来,组装ID表,尽可能合并实体。请注意你 将995定义为一个空数组,另一个定义为另一个数组。所以给定 你的输出,我想用哈希覆盖空列表。
之后,我们需要将根移动到结果结构,按顺序降序 将规范实体分配给每个级别的标识符。
就像我说的那样,这不是常规的。当然,如果你还想要一个清单 不仅仅是对的哈希,这是一个留给你的练习。
use strict;
use warnings;
# subroutine to identify all elements
sub descend_identify {
my ( $level, $hash_ref ) = @_;
# return an expanding list that gets populated as we desecend
return map {
my $item = $hash_ref->{$_};
$_ => ( $level, $item )
, ( ref( $item ) eq 'HASH' ? descend_identify( $level + 1, $item )
: ()
)
;
} keys %$hash_ref
;
}
# subroutine to refit all nested elements
sub descend_restore {
my ( $hash, $ident_hash ) = @_;
my @keys = keys %$hash;
@$hash{ @keys } = @$ident_hash{ @keys };
foreach my $h ( grep { ref() eq 'HASH' } values %$hash ) {
descend_restore( $h, $ident_hash );
}
return;
}
# merge hashes, descending down the hash structures.
sub merge_hashes {
my ( $dest_hash, $src_hash ) = @_;
foreach my $key ( keys %$src_hash ) {
if ( exists $dest_hash->{$key} ) {
my $ref = $dest_hash->{$key};
my $typ = ref( $ref );
if ( $typ eq 'HASH' ) {
merge_hashes( $ref, $src_hash->{$key} );
}
else {
push @$ref, $src_hash->{$key};
}
}
else {
$dest_hash->{$key} = $src_hash->{$key};
}
}
return;
}
my ( %levels, %ident_map, %result );
#descend through every level of hash in the list
# @hash_list is assumed to be whatever you Dumper-ed.
my @pairs = map { descend_identify( 0, $_ ); } @hash_list;
while ( @pairs ) {
my ( $key, $level, $ref ) = splice( @pairs, 0, 3 );
$levels{$key} |= $level;
# if we already have an identity for this key, merge the two
if ( exists $ident_map{$key} ) {
my $oref = $ident_map{$key};
my $otyp = ref( $oref );
if ( $otyp ne ref( $ref )) {
# empty arrays can be overwritten by hashrefs -- per 995
if ( $otyp eq 'ARRAY' && @$oref == 0 && ref( $ref ) eq 'HASH' ) {
$ident_map{$key} = $ref;
}
else {
die "Uncertain merge for '$key'!";
}
}
elsif ( $otyp eq 'HASH' ) {
merge_hashes( $oref, $ref );
}
else {
@$oref = sort { $a <=> $b || $a cmp $b } keys %{{ @$ref, @$oref }};
}
}
else {
$ident_map{$key} = $ref;
}
}
# Copy only the keys that do not appear at higher levels to the
# result hash
if ( my @keys = grep { !$levels{$_} } keys %ident_map ) {
@result{ @keys } = @ident_map{ @keys } if @keys;
}
# then step through the hash to make sure that the entries at
# all levels are equal to the identity
descend_restore( \%result, \%ident_map );
答案 1 :(得分:2)
使用CPAN!试试Hash::Merge
# OO interface.
my $merge = Hash::Merge->new( 'LEFT_PRECEDENT' );
my %c = %{ $merge->merge( \%a, \%b ) };
有关详细信息,请参阅CPAN,它几乎可以完成您想要的所有操作,并且可以完全自定义。
答案 2 :(得分:1)
尝试使用此递归解决方案:
# XXX: doesn't handle circular problems...
sub deepmerge {
my (@structs) = @_;
my $new;
# filter out non-existant structs
@structs = grep {defined($_)} @structs;
my $ref = ref($structs[0]);
if (not all(map {ref($_) eq $ref} @structs)) {
warn("deepmerge: all structs are not $ref\n");
}
my @tomerge = grep {ref($_) eq $ref} @structs;
return qr/$tomerge[0]/ if scalar(@tomerge) == 1 and $ref eq 'Regexp';
return $tomerge[0] if scalar(@tomerge) == 1;
if ($ref eq '') {
$new = pop(@tomerge); # prefer farthest right
}
elsif ($ref eq 'Regexp') {
$new = qr/$tomerge[$#tomerge]/;
}
elsif ($ref eq 'ARRAY') {
$new = [];
for my $i (0 .. max(map {scalar(@$_) - 1} @tomerge)) {
$new->[$i] = deepmerge(map {$_->[$i]} @tomerge);
}
}
elsif ($ref eq 'HASH') {
$new = {};
for my $key (uniq(map {keys %$_} @tomerge)) {
$new->{$key} = deepmerge(map {$_->{$key}} @tomerge);
}
}
else {
# ignore all other structures...
$new = '';
}
return $new;
}
将其修改为您的心灵内容,以达到理想的效果。
经过进一步调查,我注意到你正在以与上述算法不同的方式合并它们。也许只是以此为例。我这样做:
deepmerge({k => 'v'}, {k2 => 'v2'});
# returns {k => 'v', k2 => 'v2'}
类似的数组。
答案 3 :(得分:0)
为了其他想要回答的人的利益,我缩小了您想要的输出,因为它很难阅读。我还在想答案。
$VAR1 = { '999:' => [
{ '992' => [ '905' ] },
{ '993' => [
{ '909' => [] },
{ '904' => [] },
{ '902' => [] }
]
},
{ '994' => [
{ '910' => [] },
{ '985' => [] },
{ '983' => [] }
]
},
{ '995' => [
{ '101' => [] },
{ '102' => [] },
{ '103' => [] },
{ '104' => [] },
{ '105' => [] },
{ '106' => [] },
{ '107' => [] }
]
},
{ '996' => [] },
{ '997' => [ '986', '987', '990', '984', '989', '988' ] },
{ '998' => [ '908', '906', '0', '998', '907' ] },
{ '991' => [ '913', '920', '918', '998', '916', '919', '917', '915', '912', '914' ] }
]
};
我没有看到所有那些单一入口哈希的重点,不会更好吗?
$VAR1 = { '999:' => {
'992' => [ '905' ],
'993' => {
'909' => [],
'904' => [],
'902' => []
},
'994' => {
'910' => [],
'985' => [],
'983' => []
},
'995' => {
'101' => [],
'102' => [],
'103' => [],
'104' => [],
'105' => [],
'106' => [],
'107' => []
},
'996' => [],
'997' => [ '986', '987', '990', '984', '989', '988' ],
'998' => [ '908', '906', '0', '998', '907' ],
'991' => [ '913', '920', '918', '998', '916', '919', '917', '915', '912', '914' ]
}
};
答案 4 :(得分:0)
假设上述数据位于文件dump.txt中,您可以逐个评估它。
更新
以下代码use strict;
use File::Slurp;
my $final_data = {};
my @data = map {eval $_} (read_file("dump.txt") =~ /\$VAR1 = ([^;]+);/gs);
foreach my $element (@data) {
my $key = (keys %$element)[0];
$final_data->{$key} ||= [];
push @{$final_data->{$key}}, $element->{$key}
};
use Data::Dumper;
print Data::Dumper->Dump([$final_data]);
如果你想完全深度合并,你可以在最后通过这个(未经测试的!!!)深度合并传递$ final_data:
# Merge an array of hashes as follows:
# IN: [ { 1 => 11 }, { 1 => 12 },{ 2 => 22 } ]
# OUT: { 1 => [ 11, 12 ], 2 => [ 22 ] }
# This is recursive - if array [11,12] was an array of hashrefs, we merge those too
sub merge_hashes {
my $hashes = @_[0];
return $hashes unless ref $hashes eq ref []; # Hat tip to brian d foy
return $hashes unless grep { ref @_ eq ref {} } @$hashes; # Only merge array of hashes
my $final_hashref = {};
foreach my $element (@$hashes) {
foreach my $key (keys %$element) {
$final_hashref->{$key} ||= [];
push @{ $final_hashref->{$key} }, $element->{$key};
}
}
foreach my $key (keys %$final_hashref) {
$final_hashref->{$key} = merge_hashes($final_hashref->{$key});
}
return $final_hashref;
}
答案 5 :(得分:0)
使用push
和自动生成。
从通常的前面问题开始:
#! /usr/bin/perl
use warnings;
use strict;
从DATA
文件句柄中读取您的示例输入,并创建一个与您转储的数据结构类似的数据结构:
my @hashes;
while (<DATA>) {
my $VAR1;
$VAR1 = eval $_;
die $@ if $@;
push @hashes => $VAR1;
}
您的输入有两种情况:
请注意$_[0]
的使用。 Perl子例程的语义是@_
中的值是别名而不是副本。这让我们可以直接调用merge
,而无需先创建一堆脚手架来保存合并的内容。如果您复制该值,代码将会中断。
sub merge {
my $data = shift;
if (ref($data) eq "ARRAY") {
push @{ $_[0] } => @$data;
}
else {
foreach my $k (%$data) {
merge($data->{$k} => $_[0]{$k});
}
}
}
现在我们走@hashes
并逐步将其内容合并到%merged
。
my %merged;
foreach my $h (@hashes) {
foreach my $k (keys %$h) {
merge $h->{$k} => $merged{$k};
}
}
我们不知道值到达的顺序是什么,因此运行最终的清理过程来对数组进行排序:
sub sort_arrays {
my($root) = @_;
if (ref($root) eq "ARRAY") {
@$root = sort { $a <=> $b } @$root;
}
else {
sort_arrays($root->{$_}) for keys %$root;
}
}
sort_arrays \%merged;
Data :: Dumper模块非常适合快速调试!
use Data::Dumper;
$Data::Dumper::Indent = 1;
print Dumper \%merged;
将问题输入的副本放入特殊的DATA
文件句柄:
__DATA__
$VAR1 = { '999' => { '998' => [ '908', '906', '0', '998', '907' ] } };
$VAR1 = { '999' => { '991' => [ '913', '920', '918', '998', '916', '919', '917', '915', '912', '914' ] } };
$VAR1 = { '999' => { '996' => [] } };
$VAR1 = { '999' => { '995' => [] } };
$VAR1 = { '999' => { '994' => [] } };
$VAR1 = { '999' => { '993' => [] } };
$VAR1 = { '999' => { '997' => [ '986', '987', '990', '984', '989', '988' ] } };
$VAR1 = { '995' => { '101' => [] } };
$VAR1 = { '995' => { '102' => [] } };
$VAR1 = { '995' => { '103' => [] } };
$VAR1 = { '995' => { '104' => [] } };
$VAR1 = { '995' => { '105' => [] } };
$VAR1 = { '995' => { '106' => [] } };
$VAR1 = { '995' => { '107' => [] } };
$VAR1 = { '994' => { '910' => [] } };
$VAR1 = { '993' => { '909' => [] } };
$VAR1 = { '993' => { '904' => [] } };
$VAR1 = { '994' => { '985' => [] } };
$VAR1 = { '994' => { '983' => [] } };
$VAR1 = { '993' => { '902' => [] } };
$VAR1 = { '999' => { '992' => [ '905' ] } };
输出样本如下:
'994' => { '910' => [], '985' => [], '983' => [] }, '999' => { '993' => [], '992' => [ '905' ], '997' => [ '984', '986', '987', '988', '989', '990' ],
答案 6 :(得分:0)
哇。非常感谢大家(特别是Axeman)!抱歉没有代码或澄清,我试图生成一个树,并尝试Hash :: Merge,但不能为我的生活解决用非空995替换空995的创造995问题; Axeman的解决方案非常有效,我非常感谢帮助/合作! (也尝试了其他人,它或者做了与Hash :: Merge相同的事情,或者它实际上摆脱了一些分支)。
输入的一些背景:有一组哈希,每个都有键(所有相同的级别),其中两个定义了a)另一个的父级,b)本身(其余的是子级),所以有一个树,我认为哈希是完美的,想出了一组新的哈希{a} - &gt; {b} - &gt; [c],我们在这里......
再次感谢大家和Axeman!