我正在尝试编写一些能够方便地处理视频帧的代码。我收到的帧数为System.Windows.Media.Imaging.WriteableBitmap
。出于测试目的,我只是应用一个简单的阈值滤波器来处理BGRA格式图像,并根据BGR像素的平均值将每个像素分配为黑色或白色。
这是我的“安全”版本:
public static void ApplyFilter(WriteableBitmap Bitmap, byte Threshold)
{
// Let's just make this work for this format
if (Bitmap.Format != PixelFormats.Bgr24
&& Bitmap.Format != PixelFormats.Bgr32)
{
return;
}
// Calculate the number of bytes per pixel (should be 4 for this format).
var bytesPerPixel = (Bitmap.Format.BitsPerPixel + 7) / 8;
// Stride is bytes per pixel times the number of pixels.
// Stride is the byte width of a single rectangle row.
var stride = Bitmap.PixelWidth * bytesPerPixel;
// Create a byte array for a the entire size of bitmap.
var arraySize = stride * Bitmap.PixelHeight;
var pixelArray = new byte[arraySize];
// Copy all pixels into the array
Bitmap.CopyPixels(pixelArray, stride, 0);
// Loop through array and change pixels to black/white based on threshold
for (int i = 0; i < pixelArray.Length; i += bytesPerPixel)
{
// i=B, i+1=G, i+2=R, i+3=A
var brightness =
(byte)((pixelArray[i] + pixelArray[i+1] + pixelArray[i+2]) / 3);
var toColor = byte.MinValue; // Black
if (brightness >= Threshold)
{
toColor = byte.MaxValue; // White
}
pixelArray[i] = toColor;
pixelArray[i + 1] = toColor;
pixelArray[i + 2] = toColor;
}
Bitmap.WritePixels(
new Int32Rect(0, 0, Bitmap.PixelWidth, Bitmap.PixelHeight),
pixelArray, stride, 0
);
}
以下是我认为使用不安全的代码块和WriteableBitmap Back Buffer而不是forebuffer的直接翻译:
public static void ApplyFilterUnsafe(WriteableBitmap Bitmap, byte Threshold)
{
// Let's just make this work for this format
if (Bitmap.Format != PixelFormats.Bgr24
&& Bitmap.Format != PixelFormats.Bgr32)
{
return;
}
var bytesPerPixel = (Bitmap.Format.BitsPerPixel + 7) / 8;
Bitmap.Lock();
unsafe
{
// Get a pointer to the back buffer.
byte* pBackBuffer = (byte*)Bitmap.BackBuffer;
for (int i = 0;
i < Bitmap.BackBufferStride*Bitmap.PixelHeight;
i+= bytesPerPixel)
{
var pCopy = pBackBuffer;
var brightness = (byte)((*pBackBuffer
+ *++pBackBuffer
+ *++pBackBuffer) / 3);
pBackBuffer++;
var toColor =
brightness >= Threshold ? byte.MaxValue : byte.MinValue;
*pCopy = toColor;
*++pCopy = toColor;
*++pCopy = toColor;
}
}
// Bitmap.AddDirtyRect(
// new Int32Rect(0,0, Bitmap.PixelWidth, Bitmap.PixelHeight));
Bitmap.Unlock();
}
这是我第一次涉足不安全的代码块和指针,所以逻辑可能不是最优的。
我使用以下方法在同一个WriteableBitmaps上测试了两个代码块:
var threshold = Convert.ToByte(op.Result);
var copy2 = copyFrame.Clone();
Stopwatch stopWatch = new Stopwatch();
stopWatch.Start();
BinaryFilter.ApplyFilterUnsafe(copyFrame, threshold);
stopWatch.Stop();
var unsafesecs = stopWatch.ElapsedMilliseconds;
stopWatch.Reset();
stopWatch.Start();
BinaryFilter.ApplyFilter(copy2, threshold);
stopWatch.Stop();
Debug.WriteLine(string.Format("Unsafe: {1}, Safe: {0}",
stopWatch.ElapsedMilliseconds, unsafesecs));
所以我正在分析同一张图片。传入视频帧流的测试运行:
Unsafe: 110, Safe: 53
Unsafe: 136, Safe: 42
Unsafe: 106, Safe: 36
Unsafe: 95, Safe: 43
Unsafe: 98, Safe: 41
Unsafe: 88, Safe: 36
Unsafe: 129, Safe: 65
Unsafe: 100, Safe: 47
Unsafe: 112, Safe: 50
Unsafe: 91, Safe: 33
Unsafe: 118, Safe: 42
Unsafe: 103, Safe: 80
Unsafe: 104, Safe: 34
Unsafe: 101, Safe: 36
Unsafe: 154, Safe: 83
Unsafe: 134, Safe: 46
Unsafe: 113, Safe: 76
Unsafe: 117, Safe: 57
Unsafe: 90, Safe: 41
Unsafe: 156, Safe: 35
为什么我的不安全版本总是较慢?是因为使用了后台缓冲区吗?或者我做错了什么?
由于
答案 0 :(得分:9)
可能是因为您的不安全版本正在进行乘法和属性访问:
Bitmap.BackBufferStride*Bitmap.PixelHeight
在每次循环迭代中。将结果存储在变量中。
答案 1 :(得分:5)
进一步优化,安全或不安全的代码:
在循环内停止除以3。在循环外将阈值乘以3。您需要使用byte
以外的某种类型,但这应该不是问题。实际上,您已经使用了比byte
更大的数据类型:)
答案 2 :(得分:0)
很难说没有对代码进行分析,特别是因为代码非常不同(虽然它起初看起来很相似)一些关键点(它们都只是推测)
如果在不安全版本中计算if而不在安全
中,则停止条件这就是我能提出的所有想法。希望它有所帮助