我开始使用directx11练习渲染。我已经在directx 9中完成了渲染。但DX11是一个痛苦的屁股..我甚至无法画出一个简单的traingle。我不知道我做错了什么。
我尝试去除深度和模板缓冲区但是徒劳无功。 因此，在对这个问题进行了2个小时的沉思之后，我仍然无法找到解决方案。
任何人都可以帮助我..请伙计们
由于
这是完整的代码
#include <Windows.h>
#include <windowsx.h>
#include <D3D11.h>
#include <D3DX10math.h>
#include <dxerr.h>
#include <D3DX11.h>
#include <D3DX10.h>
#include "CoreApp.h"
#include "AppTime.h"
using namespace std;
#pragma comment (lib, "d3d11.lib")
#pragma comment (lib, "d3dx11.lib")
#pragma comment (lib, "d3dx10.lib")
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND,UINT,WPARAM,LPARAM);
bool InitWindowClass(HINSTANCE hinst,int shw,HWND * _hwnd,WNDCLASSEX * exClass);
RECT windowWidth = {0,0, 512,512};
void TW_CALL _Callbak(void * clenddata);
void InitPipeline();
void initGraphics();
ID3D11VertexShader * vshader = 0;
ID3D11PixelShader * pixelShader = 0;
ID3D11Device * d3dDevice = 0;
ID3D11DeviceContext * d3dContext = 0;
#pragma region verticles
struct CVertex
{
float X,Y,Z;
D3DXCOLOR col;
};
namespace Color
{
D3DXCOLOR white (255);
D3DXCOLOR Red ((float)255,0.0,0.0,1.0);
}
#pragma endregion
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE inst,HINSTANCE previnst,LPSTR cmdLine,int show)
{
// Window Params
HWND hwnd;
WNDCLASSEX exClass;
MSG msg;
GameTime time;
// Iniitaliztion
SecureZeroMemory(&hwnd,sizeof(HWND));
SecureZeroMemory(&exClass,sizeof(exClass));
SecureZeroMemory(&msg,sizeof(MSG));
SecureZeroMemory(&time,sizeof(time));
if(InitWindowClass(inst,show,&hwnd,&exClass))
{
// Directx 11 Functionalities
#pragma region Create the device
D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL feature_LEVEL; // Output feature level
HRESULT hr = D3D11CreateDevice(0,
D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE,
0,
0, // No flags
0,0,
D3D11_SDK_VERSION,
&d3dDevice,
&feature_LEVEL,&d3dContext);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
MessageBox(hwnd,L"Failed TO CREATE DEVICE",L"ERROR",0);
}
#pragma endregion
#pragma region Multisampling
UINT multisampleQuality = 0;
d3dDevice->CheckMultisampleQualityLevels(DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM,4,&multisampleQuality);
#pragma endregion
#pragma region DescribeSwapChain
DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC swapDesc;
// Allocate Mommory
SecureZeroMemory(&swapDesc,sizeof(DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC));
swapDesc.BufferDesc.Width = 512;
swapDesc.BufferDesc.Height = 512;
swapDesc.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator= 60;
swapDesc.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;
swapDesc.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM;
swapDesc.BufferDesc.ScanlineOrdering = DXGI_MODE_SCANLINE_ORDER_UNSPECIFIED;
swapDesc.BufferDesc.Scaling = DXGI_MODE_SCALING_UNSPECIFIED;
//MSAA
swapDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 4;
swapDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = multisampleQuality -1;
//BackBuffer
swapDesc.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
swapDesc.BufferCount = 1;
swapDesc.OutputWindow = hwnd;
swapDesc.Windowed = true;
swapDesc.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD;
swapDesc.Flags = DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_FLAG_ALLOW_MODE_SWITCH;
#pragma endregion
#pragma region CreateSwapChain
#pragma region Obtain DXGIFactory
// DXGIFactory >> DXGIAdaptor >> DXGIDevice
// Get the DXGI device
IDXGIDevice * dxgiDevice = 0;
d3dDevice->QueryInterface(__uuidof(IDXGIDevice),(void**)&dxgiDevice);
// Obtain DXGIAdaptor
IDXGIAdapter * dxgiAdaptor = 0;
dxgiDevice->GetParent(__uuidof(IDXGIAdapter),(void**)&dxgiAdaptor);
IDXGIFactory * dxgiFactory = 0;
dxgiAdaptor->GetParent(__uuidof(IDXGIFactory),(void**)&dxgiFactory);
#pragma endregion
IDXGISwapChain * SwapChain = 0;
if(FAILED(dxgiFactory->CreateSwapChain(d3dDevice,&swapDesc,&SwapChain)))
{
MessageBox(hwnd,L"Failed Creating back buffer",L"Error",0);
}
dxgiFactory->MakeWindowAssociation(hwnd,0);
//Release COMs
dxgiAdaptor->Release();
dxgiDevice->Release();
dxgiFactory->Release();
/*IDXGISwapChain * SwapChain = 0;
if(FAILED(D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(0,D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE,0,0,0,0,D3D11_SDK_VERSION,&swapDesc,&SwapChain,&d3dDevice,&feature_LEVEL,&d3dContext)))
{
MessageBox(hwnd,L"Failed Creating back buffer and device",L"Error",0);
}*/
#pragma endregion
#pragma region Create Render Target View
ID3D11RenderTargetView * RenderTarget ;
ID3D11Texture2D * backBuffer ;
SecureZeroMemory(&backBuffer,sizeof(ID3D11Texture2D));
SecureZeroMemory(&RenderTarget,sizeof(ID3D11RenderTargetView));
SwapChain->GetBuffer(0,__uuidof(ID3D11Texture2D),(void**)&backBuffer);
d3dDevice->CreateRenderTargetView(backBuffer,NULL,&RenderTarget);
// d3dContext->OM
//Release COM
backBuffer->Release();
#pragma endregion
#pragma region Create Depth Stencil Texture
D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC depthDesc;
SecureZeroMemory(&depthDesc,sizeof(depthDesc)); // Allocate Memeory
depthDesc.ArraySize = 1;
//Flags
depthDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_DEPTH_STENCIL;
depthDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
depthDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT; // Format
// Area
depthDesc.Height = 512;
depthDesc.Width = 512;
// Mipmap and MXAA
depthDesc.MipLevels= 1;
depthDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 4;
depthDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = multisampleQuality -1;
depthDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
depthDesc.MiscFlags = 0;
// Create and initialize pointers
ID3D11Texture2D * DepthTexture = 0;
ID3D11DepthStencilView * depthView = 0;
//d3dDevice->CreateTexture2D(&depthDesc,0,&DepthTexture);
// d3dDevice->CreateDepthStencilView(DepthTexture,0,&depthView);
#pragma endregion
#pragma region Bind to Output
d3dContext->OMSetRenderTargets(1,&RenderTarget,NULL); // removed depth buffer for testing but still wont work
#pragma endregion
#pragma region Create ViewPort
D3D11_VIEWPORT viewport;
//Clear mommory
SecureZeroMemory(&viewport,sizeof(viewport));
viewport.Height = 512;
viewport.Width = 512;
viewport.MinDepth = 0;
viewport.MaxDepth = 1;
viewport.TopLeftX = 0;
viewport.TopLeftY = 0;
d3dContext->RSSetViewports(1,&viewport);
#pragma endregion
TwInit(ETwGraphAPI::TW_DIRECT3D11,d3dDevice);
TwWindowSize(swapDesc.BufferDesc.Width,swapDesc.BufferDesc.Height);
time.Reset();
InitPipeline();
#pragma region Vertex Buffer Creation
CVertex vertex[3] = {
{0,0,0,Color::white},
{0.5,0,0,Color::white},
{0.25,0.5,0,Color::Red},
};
D3D11_BUFFER_DESC VbufferDesc;
D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA vBufferInit;
SecureZeroMemory(&vertex,sizeof(vertex));
SecureZeroMemory(&VbufferDesc,sizeof(VbufferDesc));
SecureZeroMemory(&vBufferInit,sizeof(vBufferInit));
VbufferDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
VbufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D10_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER;
VbufferDesc.ByteWidth = 3* sizeof(CVertex);
VbufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = D3D11_CPU_ACCESS_FLAG::D3D11_CPU_ACCESS_READ;
VbufferDesc.MiscFlags = 0;
VbufferDesc.StructureByteStride = 0;
vBufferInit.pSysMem = vertex;
ID3D11Buffer * Vbuffer = {0};
d3dDevice->CreateBuffer(&VbufferDesc,&vBufferInit,&Vbuffer);
#pragma endregion
while(msg.message != WM_QUIT)
{
if(PeekMessage(&msg,hwnd,0,0,PM_REMOVE))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}else{
// Update Sequences
// Rendering
d3dContext->ClearRenderTargetView(RenderTarget,D3DXCOLOR(0,0,300,0));
UINT stride = sizeof(CVertex);
UINT offset = 0;
d3dContext->IASetVertexBuffers(0,1,&Vbuffer,&stride,&offset);
d3dContext->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY::D3D10_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLESTRIP);
d3dContext->Draw(3,0);
SwapChain->Present(0,0);
}
}
}
return msg.wParam;
}
void InitPipeline()
{
ID3D10Blob * vBuffBlob = 0;
ID3D10Blob * pBuffBlob = 0;
//SecureZeroMemory(&vBuffBlob,sizeof(ID3D10Blob));
//SecureZeroMemory(&pBuffBlob,sizeof(ID3D10Blob));
SecureZeroMemory(&vshader,sizeof(ID3D11VertexShader));
SecureZeroMemory(&pixelShader,sizeof(ID3D11PixelShader));
HRESULT hr = D3DX11CompileFromFile(L"source.shader",0,0,"VShader","vs_4_0",0,0,0,&vBuffBlob,0,0);
D3DX11CompileFromFile(L"source.shader",0,0,"PShader","ps_4_0",0,0,0,&pBuffBlob,0,0);
if(FAILED(hr))
MessageBeep(1);
d3dDevice->CreateVertexShader(vBuffBlob->GetBufferPointer(),vBuffBlob->GetBufferSize(),NULL,&vshader);
d3dDevice->CreatePixelShader(pBuffBlob->GetBufferPointer(),pBuffBlob->GetBufferSize(),NULL,&pixelShader);
D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC inp[] = {
{"POSITION",0,DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT,0,0,D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA,0},
{"COLOR",0,DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT,0,12,D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA,0}
};
SecureZeroMemory(inp,sizeof(inp));
ID3D11InputLayout * inputL = 0;
d3dDevice->CreateInputLayout(inp,2,vBuffBlob->GetBufferPointer(),vBuffBlob->GetBufferSize(),&inputL);
d3dContext->IASetInputLayout(inputL);
d3dContext->VSSetShader(vshader,NULL,0);
d3dContext->PSSetShader(pixelShader,0,0);
pBuffBlob->Release();
vBuffBlob->Release();
}
// Initialize and show the Window
bool InitWindowClass(HINSTANCE hinst,int shw,HWND * _hwnd,WNDCLASSEX * exClass)
{
exClass->cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
exClass->hCursor = LoadCursor(0,IDC_ARROW);
exClass->hInstance = hinst;
exClass->lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
exClass->lpszClassName = L"DX_Test";
exClass->lpszMenuName = L"Test";
exClass->hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
RegisterClassEx(exClass);
AdjustWindowRect(&windowWidth,WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,false);
(*_hwnd) = CreateWindowEx(0,L"DX_Test",L"Test",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,500,200,windowWidth.right - windowWidth.left,windowWidth.bottom-windowWidth.top,NULL,NULL,hinst,0);
ShowWindow((*_hwnd),shw);
UpdateWindow(*_hwnd);
return true;
}
// Message Loop
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd,UINT msg,WPARAM wparam,LPARAM lparam)
{
.....
答案 0 :(得分：1)
首先，您没有正确初始化D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC结构。你有：
D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC inp[] = {
{"POSITION",0,DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT,0,0},
{"COLOR",0,DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT,0,12}
};
SecureZeroMemory(inp,sizeof(inp));
部分初始化结构然后将其完全归零。该代码段应为：
D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC inp[] = {
{"POSITION", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0, 0, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0},
{"COLOR", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT, 0, 12, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0},
};
给出了输入的完整描述以及它在内存中的布局。
其次，我建议将整个项目放在一边，花一周时间阅读Chuck已经链接的两个教程，尽可能多地阅读MSDN上的信息，并通过Frank阅读这本书。 D. Luna。他的书中提到了很多这样的东西，并且所有代码都可以在线获得，因此学习API并不需要这本书（虽然它确实有帮助）。
DirectX 9更容易习惯，因为固定功能管道有助于组织大量的额外工作。但是，如果您使用DirectX 9.0c和Shader Model 2.x / 3，那么很多代码都非常相似，现在需要，因为D3D中不再有固定的功能管道。