我想写这个结构:
struct A {
b: B,
c: C,
}
struct B {
c: &C,
}
struct C;
B.c
应该从A.c
借用。
A ->
b: B ->
c: &C -- borrow from --+
|
c: C <------------------+
这是我试过的: struct C;
struct B<'b> {
c: &'b C,
}
struct A<'a> {
b: B<'a>,
c: C,
}
impl<'a> A<'a> {
fn new<'b>() -> A<'b> {
let c = C;
A {
c: c,
b: B { c: &c },
}
}
}
fn main() {}
但它失败了:
error[E0597]: `c` does not live long enough
--> src/main.rs:17:24
|
17 | b: B { c: &c },
| ^ borrowed value does not live long enough
18 | }
19 | }
| - borrowed value only lives until here
|
note: borrowed value must be valid for the lifetime 'b as defined on the method body at 13:5...
--> src/main.rs:13:5
|
13 | fn new<'b>() -> A<'b> {
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
error[E0382]: use of moved value: `c`
--> src/main.rs:17:24
|
16 | c: c,
| - value moved here
17 | b: B { c: &c },
| ^ value used here after move
|
= note: move occurs because `c` has type `C`, which does not implement the `Copy` trait
我已阅读有关所有权的Rust文档,但我仍然不知道如何修复它。
答案 0 :(得分:35)
上面的代码失败实际上有多个原因。让我们分解一下,然后探讨如何修复它的几个选项。
首先让我们删除new
并尝试直接在A
中构建main
的实例,这样您就会发现问题的第一部分无关终生:
struct C;
struct B<'b> {
c: &'b C,
}
struct A<'a> {
b: B<'a>,
c: C,
}
fn main() {
// I copied your new directly here
// and renamed c1 so we know what "c"
// the errors refer to
let c1 = C;
let _ = A {
c: c1,
b: B { c: &c1 },
};
}
这失败了:
error[E0382]: use of moved value: `c1`
--> src/main.rs:20:20
|
19 | c: c1,
| -- value moved here
20 | b: B { c: &c1 },
| ^^ value used here after move
|
= note: move occurs because `c1` has type `C`, which does not implement the `Copy` trait
它说的是,如果您将c1
分配给c
,则会将其所有权移至c
(即您无法通过{{1}访问它},只能通过c1
)。这意味着对c
的所有引用都将不再有效。但是你的c1
仍然在范围内(在B中),所以编译器不能让你编译这段代码。
当编译器声明类型&c1
不可复制时,编译器会在错误消息中提示可能的解决方案。如果您可以复制C
,那么您的代码就会有效,因为将C
分配给c1
会创建值的新副本,而不是移动原始副本的所有权
我们可以通过更改其定义来使c
可复制:
C
现在上面的代码可行了。请注意,@matthieu-m comments仍为真:we can't store both the reference to a value and the value itself in B(我们在此处存储对值的引用和值的COPY)。但是,这不仅仅是针对结构,而是所有权的运作方式。
现在,如果您不想(或不能)#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
struct C;
可复制,则可以在C
和A
中存储引用。< / p>
B
一切都好吗?不是......我们仍然希望将struct C;
struct B<'b> {
c: &'b C,
}
struct A<'a> {
b: B<'a>,
c: &'a C, // now this is a reference too
}
fn main() {
let c1 = C;
let _ = A {
c: &c1,
b: B { c: &c1 },
};
}
的创建移回A
方法。而这就是我们将终生遇到麻烦的地方。让我们将new
的创建移回方法:
A
如预期的那样,这是我们的终身错误:
impl<'a> A<'a> {
fn new() -> A<'a> {
let c1 = C;
A {
c: &c1,
b: B { c: &c1 },
}
}
}
这是因为在error[E0597]: `c1` does not live long enough
--> src/main.rs:17:17
|
17 | c: &c1,
| ^^ borrowed value does not live long enough
...
20 | }
| - borrowed value only lives until here
|
note: borrowed value must be valid for the lifetime 'a as defined on the impl at 13:1...
--> src/main.rs:13:1
|
13 | impl<'a> A<'a> {
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
error[E0597]: `c1` does not live long enough
--> src/main.rs:18:24
|
18 | b: B { c: &c1 },
| ^^ borrowed value does not live long enough
19 | }
20 | }
| - borrowed value only lives until here
|
note: borrowed value must be valid for the lifetime 'a as defined on the impl at 13:1...
--> src/main.rs:13:1
|
13 | impl<'a> A<'a> {
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
方法的末尾销毁c1
,因此我们无法返回对它的引用。
new
一种可能的解决方案是在fn new() -> A<'a> {
let c1 = C; // we create c1 here
A {
c: &c1, // ...take a reference to it
b: B { c: &c1 }, // ...and another
}
} // and destroy c1 here (so we can't return A with a reference to c1)
之外创建C
并将其作为参数传递:
new
答案 1 :(得分:3)
在#rust IRC上与Manishearth和eddyb核实后,我认为结构不可能存储对自身或其自身的一部分的引用。所以你想要做的事情在Rust的类型系统中是不可能的。