Question

我找到了几个解决我问题部分的问题（请参阅here和here，但我无法集成它们。我有一组我想要的XML记录转换为制表符分隔格式。但是，并非所有XML记录都包含所有字段，有些包含字段的多个实例。

两个示例XML记录：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<marc:collection xmlns:marc="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/schema/MARC21slim.xsd">
    <marc:record>
        <marc:leader>02179 am a  002893u     </marc:leader>
        <marc:controlfield tag="001">12789</marc:controlfield>
        <marc:controlfield tag="005">20120521</marc:controlfield>
        <marc:controlfield tag="007">cuuuu---auuuu</marc:controlfield>
        <marc:controlfield tag="008">120521s||||    xx      o     0   u ||| |</marc:controlfield>
        <marc:datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
            <marc:subfield code="a">9789089640574</marc:subfield>
        </marc:datafield>
        <marc:datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
            <marc:subfield code="a">Rooij van ,Robert</marc:subfield>
            <marc:subfield code="4">aut</marc:subfield>
        </marc:datafield>
        <marc:datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
            <marc:subfield code="a">New Perspectives on Games and Interaction</marc:subfield>
        </marc:datafield>
        <marc:datafield tag="260" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
            <marc:subfield code="b">Amsterdam University Press</marc:subfield>
            <marc:subfield code="c">2008</marc:subfield>
        </marc:datafield>
        <marc:datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
            <marc:subfield code="a">1 electronic resource (330 p.)</marc:subfield>
        </marc:datafield>
        <marc:datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
            <marc:subfield code="a">This volume is a collection of papers ...</marc:subfield>
        </marc:datafield>
        <marc:datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="0">
            <marc:subfield code="a">Mathematics</marc:subfield>
        </marc:datafield>
        <marc:datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="0">
            <marc:subfield code="a">Philosophy (General)</marc:subfield>
        </marc:datafield>
        <marc:datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="0">
            <marc:subfield code="a">Economic theory. Demography</marc:subfield>
        </marc:datafield>
        <marc:datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
            <marc:subfield code="a">Economics</marc:subfield>
        </marc:datafield>
        <marc:datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
            <marc:subfield code="a">Philosophy</marc:subfield>
        </marc:datafield>
        <marc:datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
            <marc:subfield code="a">Mathematics</marc:subfield>
        </marc:datafield>
        <marc:datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
            <marc:subfield code="a">Economie</marc:subfield>
        </marc:datafield>
        <marc:datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
            <marc:subfield code="a">Filosofie</marc:subfield>
        </marc:datafield>
        <marc:datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
            <marc:subfield code="a">Wiskunde</marc:subfield>
        </marc:datafield>
        <marc:datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
            <marc:subfield code="a">Apt ,Krzysztof</marc:subfield>
            <marc:subfield code="4">aut</marc:subfield>
        </marc:datafield>
        <marc:datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0">
            <marc:subfield code="u">http://www.doabooks.org/doab?func=fulltext&amp;rid=12789</marc:subfield>
            <marc:subfield code="z">Description of rights in Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB): Attribution Non-commercial (CC by-nc)</marc:subfield>
        </marc:datafield>
        <marc:datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0">
            <marc:subfield code="u">http://www.oapen.org/download?type=document&amp;docid=340074</marc:subfield>
        </marc:datafield>
    </marc:record>
    <marc:record>
        <marc:leader>01452 am a  001933u     </marc:leader>
        <marc:controlfield tag="001">15497</marc:controlfield>
        <marc:controlfield tag="005">20140217</marc:controlfield>
        <marc:controlfield tag="007">cuuuu---auuuu</marc:controlfield>
        <marc:controlfield tag="008">140217s||||    xx      o     0   u ||| |</marc:controlfield>
        <marc:datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
            <marc:subfield code="a">9788867050673</marc:subfield>
        </marc:datafield>
        <marc:datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
            <marc:subfield code="a">Emanuele Haus</marc:subfield>
            <marc:subfield code="4">aut</marc:subfield>
        </marc:datafield>
        <marc:datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
            <marc:subfield code="a">Dynamics of an elastic satellite with internal friction.</marc:subfield>
        </marc:datafield>
        <marc:datafield tag="260" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
            <marc:subfield code="b">Ledizioni - LediPublishing</marc:subfield>
            <marc:subfield code="c">2013</marc:subfield>
        </marc:datafield>
        <marc:datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
            <marc:subfield code="a">1 electronic resource ( p.)</marc:subfield>
        </marc:datafield>
        <marc:datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
            <marc:subfield code="a">n this thesis, we study the dynamics...</marc:subfield>
        </marc:datafield>
        <marc:datafield tag="546" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
            <marc:subfield code="a">english</marc:subfield>
        </marc:datafield>
        <marc:datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="0">
            <marc:subfield code="a">Mathematics</marc:subfield>
        </marc:datafield>
        <marc:datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0">
            <marc:subfield code="u">http://www.doabooks.org/doab?func=fulltext&amp;rid=15497</marc:subfield>
            <marc:subfield code="z">Description of rights in Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB): Attribution Non-commercial Share Alike (CC by-nc-sa)</marc:subfield>
        </marc:datafield>
        <marc:datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0">
            <marc:subfield code="u">http://www.ledizioni.it/stag/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/tesi_haus.pdf</marc:subfield>
        </marc:datafield>
    </marc:record>
</marc:collection>

我一直试图从这个previous answer调整XSLT，到目前为止运气不大：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="2.0" 
  xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" 
  xpath-default-namespace="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
    <xsl:output method="text"/>
    <xsl:variable name="delimiter" select="'&#09;'"/>

    <xsl:strip-space elements="*"/>
    <xsl:output method="text"/>

    <xsl:key name="field" 
      match="/collection/record/datafield/subfield" 
      use="concat(../@tag,@code)"/>

    <!-- variable containing the first occurrence of each field -->
    <xsl:variable name="allFields"
        select="/collection/record/datafield/subfield
                [generate-id()
                 =generate-id(key('field', 
                                   concat(../@tag,@code))[1])]" />

    <xsl:template match="/">

        <xsl:for-each select="$allFields">
            <xsl:sort select="substring(concat(../@tag,@code),1,3)"
                      data-type="number"/>
            <xsl:value-of select="concat(../@tag,@code)" />
            <xsl:if test="position() &lt; last()">
                <xsl:value-of select="$delimiter" />
            </xsl:if>
        </xsl:for-each>
        <xsl:text>&#10;</xsl:text>
        <xsl:apply-templates select="*/*" />
    </xsl:template>

    <xsl:template match="*">
        <xsl:variable name="this" select="." />

        <xsl:for-each select="$allFields">
            <xsl:sort 
              select="substring(concat(../@tag,@code),1,3)" 
              data-type="number"/>
            <xsl:value-of 
              select="$this/*[@code = current()/@code]" />
            <xsl:if test="position() &lt; last()">
                <xsl:value-of select="$delimiter" />
            </xsl:if>
        </xsl:for-each>
        <xsl:text>&#10;</xsl:text>
    </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

在我想要实现的输出中，标题将包含leader后跟唯一值@tag（与子域的subfield/@code连接），按升序排序按tag订购：

leader  001 005 007 008 020a    100a    1004    245a    260b    260c    300a    520a    546a    650a    653a    700a    7004    856u    856z

如果一个记录有一个field/subfield组合的多个值，我想将它们连在一起，例如：

653a
Economics|Philosophy|Mathematics

但是，如果记录缺少特定字段，我只想输出制表符，以保持一切对齐。

完整样本TSV输出：

leader  001 005 007 008 020a    100a    1004    245a    260b    260c    300a    520a    546a    650a    653a    700a    7004    856u    856z                                        
02179 am a  002893u         12789   20120521    cuuuu---auuuu   120521s||||    xx      o     0   u ||| |    9789089640574   Rooij van ,Robert   aut New Perspectives on Games and Interaction   Amsterdam University Press  2008    1 electronic resource (330 p.)  This volume is a collection of papers       Mathematics|Philosophy (General)|Economic theory. Demography    Economics|Philosophy|Mathematics|Economie|Filosofie|Wiskunde    Apt ,Krzysztof< aut http://www.doabooks.org/doab?func=fulltext&amp;rid=12789|http://www.oapen.org/download?type=document&amp;docid=340074   Description of rights in Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB): Attribution Non-commercial (CC by-nc)                                       
01452 am a  001933u         15497   20140217    cuuuu---auuuu   140217s||||    xx      o     0   u ||| |    9788867050673   Emanuele Haus   aut Dynamics of an elastic satellite with internal friction.    Ledizioni - LediPublishing  2013    1 electronic resource ( p.) In this thesis, we study the dynamics of an elastic body    english Mathematics             http://www.doabooks.org/doab?func=fulltext&amp;rid=15497|http://www.ledizioni.it/stag/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/tesi_haus.pdf  Description of rights in Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB): Attribution Non-commercial Share Alike (CC by-nc-sa)

Answer 1

你说＆＃34;如果某个记录缺少特定字段＆＃34; - 从这里我推断你必须有一个你想要导出的字段列表。（所有的MARC？理论上每个理论都可以从000到999？只有你可以说，你还没有说过。）如果你没有要导出的字段列表，那么你的问题陈述是自相矛盾的，你需要更好地理解这个问题。

我们假设您要导出变量$ fields中列出的字段。

<xsl:variable name="fields" as="xs:string*"
  select="tokenize('001 005 007 008 020 
                    100 245 260 260 300 
                    520 546 650 653 700 
                    856', '\s+')"/>

您当前的问题是您的输出正由输入中的字段整形，许多XSLT程序员称之为“推送”。样式表。您希望输出由$ fields中的字段列表而不是输入进行整形 - 您希望这些XSLT程序员称之为＆＃39; pull＆＃39;样式表。当我们为非XML系统（如电子表格）准备数据时，拉式样式表很常见，这些系统对结构的变化不是很好;他们在程序性程序员中也很常见，他们不知道其他任何思考问题的方法。这些都导致一些XSLT程序员在拉式样式表中略微低估了一下，但是如果你已经正确地描述了你的问题，那么拉式样式表就是你需要的。

从目前为止所说的，您应该能够看到问题是/的模板是通过使用<xsl:apply-templates select="*/*" />处理输入来构造输出。如果输入没有546个字段，则没有机会在没有大量不必要的努力的情况下插入选项卡。

您希望使用遍历$字段中的字段编号的构造替换迭代在子项上的当前apply-templates，并且每个字段编号都会发出选项卡和任何其他适当的信息，其他适当的信息取决于输入中是否存在具有该数字的字段。在XSLT 3.0中，您可以将模板应用于一系列值，因此您可以编写<xsl:apply-templates select="$fields"/>，但在2.0中，这不是一个选项。 2.0中提供的选项包括：

将$ fields表示为不是字符串序列，而是表示元素序列;调用<xsl:apply-templates select="$fields"/>迭代所需的字段编号。您需要记住从输入文档传入一个节点（根是一个不错的选择），因此您可以从模板中返回字段编号。
使用$ fields作为参数调用命名模板;在命名模板中，从列表中选取第一个字段编号，处理它，然后使用列表的其余部分递归调用相同的命名模板。如果没有第一个字段编号，则字段编号序列为空，您已完成。
编写一个递归函数，其工作方式与刚才描述的命名模板相同。

编写一个处理一个MARC记录的一个字段编号的函数，并从XPath for表达式中调用它：

<xsl:template match="marc:record">
  ...
  <xsl:sequence select="for $fn in $fields
     return my:one-field-one-record($fn, .)
     "/>
  ...
</xsl:template>

Answer 2

我建议你这样试试：

XSLT 2.0

<xsl:stylesheet version="2.0" 
xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
xmlns:marc="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"
exclude-result-prefixes="marc">
<xsl:output method="text" encoding="UTF-8"/>

<xsl:variable name="fields">
    <xsl:for-each-group select="/marc:collection/marc:record/marc:datafield" group-by="@tag">
        <xsl:sort select="@tag"/>
            <xsl:for-each select="marc:subfield">
                <xsl:sort/>
                <field tag="{current-grouping-key()}" code="{@code}">a</field>
            </xsl:for-each>
    </xsl:for-each-group>
</xsl:variable>

<xsl:template match="/">
    <!-- header -->
    <xsl:for-each select="$fields/field">
        <xsl:value-of select="@tag"/>
        <xsl:value-of select="@code"/>
        <xsl:if test="position()!=last()">
            <xsl:text>&#9;</xsl:text>
        </xsl:if>
    </xsl:for-each>
    <xsl:text>&#10;</xsl:text>
    <!-- data -->
    <xsl:for-each select="marc:collection/marc:record">
        <xsl:variable name="current-record" select="." />
        <xsl:for-each select="$fields/field">
            <xsl:value-of select="$current-record/marc:datafield[@tag=current()/@tag]/marc:subfield[@code=current()/@code]" separator="|"/>
            <xsl:if test="position()!=last()">
                <xsl:text>&#9;</xsl:text>
            </xsl:if>
        </xsl:for-each>
        <xsl:if test="position()!=last()">
            <xsl:text>&#10;</xsl:text>
        </xsl:if>
    </xsl:for-each>
</xsl:template>

</xsl:stylesheet>

结果，应用于您的示例输入时：

020a    100a    1004    245a    260c    260b    300a    520a    546a    650a    653a    700a    7004    856z    856u
9789089640574   Rooij van ,Robert   aut New Perspectives on Games and Interaction   2008    Amsterdam University Press  1 electronic resource (330 p.)  This volume is a collection of papers ...       Mathematics|Philosophy (General)|Economic theory. Demography    Economics|Philosophy|Mathematics|Economie|Filosofie|Wiskunde    Apt ,Krzysztof  aut Description of rights in Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB): Attribution Non-commercial (CC by-nc)   http://www.doabooks.org/doab?func=fulltext&rid=12789|http://www.oapen.org/download?type=document&docid=340074
9788867050673   Emanuele Haus   aut Dynamics of an elastic satellite with internal friction.    2013    Ledizioni - LediPublishing  1 electronic resource ( p.) n this thesis, we study the dynamics... english Mathematics             Description of rights in Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB): Attribution Non-commercial Share Alike (CC by-nc-sa)    http://www.doabooks.org/doab?func=fulltext&rid=15497|http://www.ledizioni.it/stag/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/tesi_haus.pdf

注意：我无法弄清楚输入或输出中“领导者”的角色。

Answer 3

这也适用于XSLT 1.0。

以下解决方案围绕文档范围的唯一标记列表构建，并为每条记录迭代该列表。实际上，即使记录中不存在特定标记，这也允许输出分隔符。

<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" 
  xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
  xmlns:marc="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
>
  <xsl:output method="text" encoding="Windows-1252" />

  <xsl:param name="hDelim" select="'&#x9;'" /><!-- vertical delimiter -->
  <xsl:param name="vDelim" select="'&#xA;'" /><!-- horizontal delimiter -->
  <xsl:param name="sDelim" select="'|'" /><!-- subfield delimiter -->

  <!-- group tags by @tag + @code -->
  <xsl:key name="kAllTags" match="marc:controlfield | marc:subfield" use="
    concat(@tag, ../@tag, @code)
  " />
  <!-- group tags by record ID +  @tag + @code -->
  <xsl:key name="kRecordTags" match="marc:controlfield | marc:subfield" use="
    concat(generate-id(ancestor::marc:record), ':', @tag|../@tag, @code)
  " />
  <!-- build a list of unique tags to iterate over -->
  <xsl:variable name="uniqueTags" select="
    (//marc:controlfield | //marc:subfield)[
      generate-id() = generate-id(key('kAllTags', concat(@tag | ../@tag, @code)))
    ]
  " />

  <xsl:template match="marc:collection">
    <!-- write header line -->
    <xsl:text>leader</xsl:text>
    <xsl:value-of select="$hDelim" />

    <xsl:apply-templates select="$uniqueTags" mode="head">
      <xsl:sort select="concat(@tag|../@tag, @code)" />
    </xsl:apply-templates>
    <xsl:value-of select="$vDelim" />

    <!-- write individual records -->
    <xsl:apply-templates select="marc:record" />
  </xsl:template>

  <xsl:template match="marc:record">
    <xsl:variable name="recordId" select="generate-id()" />

    <xsl:value-of select="marc:leader" />
    <xsl:value-of select="$hDelim" />

    <!-- for each unique tag, find the fields that have that tag on this record -->
    <xsl:for-each select="$uniqueTags">
      <xsl:variable name="tagKey" select="concat($recordId, ':', @tag|../@tag, @code)" />
      <xsl:apply-templates select="key('kRecordTags', $tagKey)" mode="data" />
      <xsl:if test="position() != last()"><xsl:value-of select="$hDelim" /></xsl:if>
    </xsl:for-each>
    <xsl:if test="position() != last()"><xsl:value-of select="$vDelim" /></xsl:if>
  </xsl:template>

  <xsl:template match="marc:controlfield | marc:subfield" mode="head">
    <xsl:value-of select="concat(@tag|../@tag, @code)" />
    <xsl:if test="position() != last()"><xsl:value-of select="$hDelim" /></xsl:if>
  </xsl:template>

  <xsl:template match="marc:controlfield | marc:subfield" mode="data">
    <xsl:value-of select="normalize-space()" />
    <xsl:if test="position() != last()"><xsl:value-of select="$sDelim" /></xsl:if>
  </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

此模板使用您的输入数据生成：

leader  001 005 007 008 020a    1004    100a    245a    260b    260c    300a    520a    546a    650a    653a    7004    700a    856u    856z
02179 am a  002893u         12789   20120521    cuuuu---auuuu   120521s|||| xx o 0 u ||| |  9789089640574   Rooij van ,Robert   aut New Perspectives on Games and Interaction   Amsterdam University Press  2008    1 electronic resource (330 p.)  This volume is a collection of papers ...   Mathematics|Philosophy (General)|Economic theory. Demography    Economics|Philosophy|Mathematics|Economie|Filosofie|Wiskunde    Apt ,Krzysztof  aut http://www.doabooks.org/doab?func=fulltext&rid=12789|http://www.oapen.org/download?type=document&docid=340074   Description of rights in Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB): Attribution Non-commercial (CC by-nc)   
01452 am a  001933u         15497   20140217    cuuuu---auuuu   140217s|||| xx o 0 u ||| |  9788867050673   Emanuele Haus   aut Dynamics of an elastic satellite with internal friction.    Ledizioni - LediPublishing  2013    1 electronic resource ( p.) n this thesis, we study the dynamics... Mathematics             http://www.doabooks.org/doab?func=fulltext&rid=15497|http://www.ledizioni.it/stag/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/tesi_haus.pdf  Description of rights in Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB): Attribution Non-commercial Share Alike (CC by-nc-sa)    english

使用XSLT将复杂的XML转换为TSV

3 个答案: