我有一系列类似于此的哈希:
[
{"student": "a","scores": [{"subject": "math","quantity": 10},{"subject": "english", "quantity": 5}]},
{"student": "b", "scores": [{"subject": "math","quantity": 1 }, {"subject": "english","quantity": 2 } ]},
{"student": "a", "scores": [ { "subject": "math", "quantity": 2},{"subject": "science", "quantity": 5 } ] }
]
是否有一种更简单的方法可以使输出与此类似,只是循环遍历数组并查找副本然后将它们组合起来?
[
{"student": "a","scores": [{"subject": "math","quantity": 12},{"subject": "english", "quantity": 5},{"subject": "science", "quantity": 5 } ]},
{"student": "b", "scores": [{"subject": "math","quantity": 1 }, {"subject": "english","quantity": 2 } ]}
]
合并重复对象的规则:
答案 0 :(得分:2)
是否有一种更简单的方法可以使输出与此类似,只是循环遍历数组并查找副本然后将它们组合起来?
不是我知道的。如果您解释这些数据的来源,答案可能会有所不同,但只是基于Array
个Hash
我认为您将需要迭代和组合的对象。
虽然它不优雅但你可以使用这样的解决方案
arr = [
{"student"=> "a","scores"=> [{"subject"=> "math","quantity"=> 10},{"subject"=> "english", "quantity"=> 5}]},
{"student"=> "b", "scores"=> [{"subject"=> "math","quantity"=> 1 }, {"subject"=> "english","quantity"=> 2 } ]},
{"student"=> "a", "scores"=> [ { "subject"=> "math", "quantity"=> 2},{"subject"=> "science", "quantity"=> 5 } ] }
]
#Group the array by student
arr.group_by{|student| student["student"]}.map do |student_name,student_values|
{"student" => student_name,
#combine all the scores and group by subject
"scores" => student_values.map{|student| student["scores"]}.flatten.group_by{|score| score["subject"]}.map do |subject,subject_values|
{"subject" => subject,
#combine all the quantities into an array and reduce using `+`
"quantity" => subject_values.map{|h| h["quantity"]}.reduce(:+)
}
end
}
end
#=> [
{"student"=>"a", "scores"=>[
{"subject"=>"math", "quantity"=>12},
{"subject"=>"english", "quantity"=>5},
{"subject"=>"science", "quantity"=>5}]},
{"student"=>"b", "scores"=>[
{"subject"=>"math", "quantity"=>1},
{"subject"=>"english", "quantity"=>2}]}
]
我知道您指定了预期结果,但我想指出使输出更简单会使代码更简单。
arr.map(&:dup).group_by{|a| a.delete("student")}.each_with_object({}) do |(student, scores),record|
record[student] = scores.map(&:values).flatten.map(&:values).each_with_object(Hash.new(0)) do |(subject,score),obj|
obj[subject] += score
obj
end
record
end
#=>{"a"=>{"math"=>12, "english"=>5, "science"=>5}, "b"=>{"math"=>1, "english"=>2}}
通过这种结构,学生就像打电话给.keys
一样简单,得分也同样简单。我在想像
above_result.each do |student,scores|
puts student
scores.each do |subject,score|
puts " #{subject.capitalize}: #{score}"
end
end
end
控制台输出将是
a
Math: 12
English: 5
Science: 5
b
Math: 1
English: 2
答案 1 :(得分:0)
在这种情况下,有两种常用的聚合值的方法。第一种是使用方法Enumerable#group_by,正如@engineersmnky在他的回答中所做的那样。第二种是使用方法Hash#update(a.k.a。merge!
)的形式构建哈希,该方法使用块来解析在合并的两个哈希中存在的键的值。我的解决方案使用后一种方法,不是因为我更喜欢group_by
,而只是为了向您展示它可以采用的不同方式。 (如果工程师使用update
,我会选择group_by
。)
您使用的特定数据结构会使您的问题变得复杂。我发现通过首先将数据转换为不同的结构,更新分数,然后将结果转换回数据结构,可以简化解决方案并使其更容易理解。您可能需要考虑更改数据结构(如果这是您的选项)。我在“讨论”部分讨论了这个问题。
<强>代码强>
def combine_scores(arr)
reconstruct(update_scores(simplify(arr)))
end
def simplify(arr)
arr.map do |h|
hash = Hash[h[:scores].map { |g| g.values }]
hash.default = 0
{ h[:student]=> hash }
end
end
def update_scores(arr)
arr.each_with_object({}) do |g,h|
h.update(g) do |_, h_scores, g_scores|
g_scores.each { |subject,score| h_scores[subject] += score }
h_scores
end
end
end
def reconstruct(h)
h.map { |k,v| { student: k, scores: v.map { |subject, score|
{ subject: subject, score: score } } } }
end
示例强>
arr = [
{ student: "a", scores: [{ subject: "math", quantity: 10 },
{ subject: "english", quantity: 5 }] },
{ student: "b", scores: [{ subject: "math", quantity: 1 },
{ subject: "english", quantity: 2 } ] },
{ student: "a", scores: [{ subject: "math", quantity: 2 },
{ subject: "science", quantity: 5 } ] }]
combine_scores(arr)
#=> [{ :student=>"a",
# :scores=>[{ :subject=>"math", :score=>12 },
# { :subject=>"english", :score=> 5 },
# { :subject=>"science", :score=> 5 }] },
# { :student=>"b",
# :scores=>[{ :subject=>"math", :score=> 1 },
# { :subject=>"english", :score=> 2 }] }]
<强>解释强>
首先考虑两个中间计算:
a = simplify(arr)
#=> [{ "a"=>{ "math"=>10, "english"=>5 } },
# { "b"=>{ "math"=> 1, "english"=>2 } },
# { "a"=>{ "math"=> 2, "science"=>5 } }]
h = update_scores(a)
#=> {"a"=>{"math"=>12, "english"=>5, "science"=>5}
# "b"=>{"math"=> 1, "english"=>2}}
然后
reconstruct(h)
返回上面显示的结果。
+ 简化
arr.map do |h|
hash = Hash[h[:scores].map { |g| g.values }]
hash.default = 0
{ h[:student]=> hash }
end
这会将每个哈希映射为更简单的哈希。例如,arr
的第一个元素:
h = { student: "a", scores: [{ subject: "math", quantity: 10 },
{ subject: "english", quantity: 5 }] }
映射到:
{ "a"=>Hash[[{ subject: "math", quantity: 10 },
{ subject: "english", quantity: 5 }].map { |g| g.values }] }
#=> { "a"=>Hash[[["math", 10], ["english", 5]]] }
#=> { "a"=>{"math"=>10, "english"=>5}}
将每个哈希的默认值设置为零简化了后续的更新步骤。
+ update_scores
对于a
返回的哈希simplify
数组,我们计算:
a.each_with_object({}) do |g,h|
h.update(g) do |_, h_scores, g_scores|
g_scores.each { |subject,score| h_scores[subject] += score }
h_scores
end
end
a
(散列)的每个元素都合并为一个初始为空的散列h
。由于update
(与merge!
相同)用于合并,因此修改了h
。如果两个哈希共享相同的密钥(例如,“数学”),则将值相加;其他subject=>score
已添加到h
。
请注意,如果h_scores
没有密钥subject
,那么:
h_scores[subject] += score
#=> h_scores[subject] = h_scores[subject] + score
#=> h_scores[subject] = 0 + score (because the default value is zero)
#=> h_scores[subject] = score
也就是说,来自g_scores
的键值对仅添加到h_scores
。
我用占位符_
替换了代表主题的块变量,以减少出错的可能性,并通知读者它没有在块中使用。
+ 重建
最后一步是将update_scores
返回的哈希值转换回原始数据结构,这很简单。
<强>讨论强>
如果您更改了数据结构,并且符合您的要求,您可以考虑将其更改为combine_scores
生成的数据:
h = { "a"=>{ math: 10, english: 5 }, "b"=>{ math: 1, english: 2 } }
然后用以下内容更新分数:
g = { "a"=>{ math: 2, science: 5 }, "b"=>{ english: 3 }, "c"=>{ science: 4 } }
您只需要以下内容:
h.merge(g) { |_,oh,nh| oh.merge(nh) { |_,ohv,nhv| ohv+nhv } }
#=> { "a"=>{ :math=>12, :english=>5, :science=>5 },
# "b"=>{ :math=> 1, :english=>5 },
# "c"=>{ :science=>4 } }