仅使用一次数组元素

时间:2014-11-23 16:39:56

标签: javascript jquery html arrays random

我是JavaScript新手,我想从我的数组中获取三个随机元素,这些元素需要不同。我已经设法得到三个不同的元素,然后我尝试通过split方法只获取一个元素。但显然这并没有真正起作用,可能会有很多错误,因为这是我的第一个脚本之一。它有时会说" undefined"。

http://jsfiddle.net/t4mtpm50/

HTML:

<span id="tot1"></span>, <span id="tot2"> und </span> und <span id="tot3"></span>

使用Javascript:

function getNumber() {
    random = Math.floor(Math.random() * students.length);
    students.splice(random,1);
    return random;
}

students = new Array("Paul", "Jan", "Fabian D.", "Fabian K.", "Lennard", 
                            "Robin", "Angelique", "Joyce", "Sarah", "Ajlin",
                            "Enes", "Leon", "Boran", "Joshua")    

getNumber();
tot1 = students[random];
getNumber();
tot2 = students[random];
getNumber();
tot3 = students[random];

document.getElementById('tot1').innerHTML = tot1;
document.getElementById('tot2').innerHTML = tot2;
document.getElementById('tot3').innerHTML = tot3;

4 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:7)

通过使用.splice(),在检索之前实际删除了随机选择的名称,使random改为引用集合中的下一个名称:

var students = [ "Paul", "Jan", "Fabian D." ];
var random = 1;

console.log(students[random]); // "Jan"

students.splice(random, 1);

console.log(students);         // [ "Paul", "Fabian D." ]
console.log(students[random]); // "Fabian D."

&#34;它有时会说&#39; undefined&#39;&#34;当random尝试引用最后一个元素时发生:

var students = [ "Paul", "Jan", "Fabian D." ];
var random = 2;

console.log(students[random]); // "Fabian D."

students.splice(random, 1);

console.log(students);         // [ "Paul", "Jan" ]
console.log(students[random]); // undefined, random is now out-of-bounds at 2

您可以使用.splice()的返回值,它是已删除元素的集合,重新定义getNumber()而不是返回元素而不是索引:

function getStudent() {
    var random = Math.floor(Math.random() * students.length);
    return students.splice(random, 1)[0]; // return the 1st and only removed element
}

var tot1 = getStudent(); // "Fabian D."
var tot2 = getStudent(); // "Enes"
var tot3 = getStudent(); // "Joyce"

http://jsfiddle.net/6gox6L1t/

答案 1 :(得分:5)

我认为这将是一个更好,更清洁,更短的解决方案:

function getStudent(students) {
    var random = Math.floor(Math.random() * (students.length));
    var my_student = students.splice(random,1);
    return my_student;
}

var students = new Array("Paul", "Jan", "Fabian D.", "Fabian K.", "Lennard", 
                            "Robin", "Angelique", "Joyce", "Sarah", "Ajlin",
                         "Enes", "Leon", "Boran", "Joshua");


document.getElementById('tot1').innerHTML = getStudent(students);
document.getElementById('tot2').innerHTML = getStudent(students);
document.getElementById('tot3').innerHTML = getStudent(students);


您将当前学生数组传递给getStudent()函数,以避免在脚本中使用全局变量。 splice返回删除的元素,因此您在那里获得了学生姓名并将其返回。

edit2 :我对-1上的.length错了。 1Math.random()的独家结果,所以你一直都是对的。

http://jsfiddle.net/northkildonan/38rf42f7/1/

编辑:此方法完全避免在脚本中使用全局变量。

答案 2 :(得分:3)

试试这个:

 students = new Array("Paul", "Jan", "Fabian D.", "Fabian K.", "Lennard",                   "Robin", "Angelique", "Joyce", "Sarah", "Ajlin",
"Enes", "Leon", "Boran", "Joshua")    


var arr = []
while(arr.length < 3){
  var randomnumber=Math.ceil(Math.random()*students.length-1)
  var found=false;
  for(var i=0;i<arr.length;i++){
    if(arr[i]==randomnumber){found=true;break}
  }
  if(!found)arr[arr.length]=randomnumber;
}
console.log(arr.valueOf());

tot1 = students[arr[0]];

tot2 = students[arr[1]];

tot3 = students[arr[2]];

document.getElementById('tot1').innerHTML = tot1;
document.getElementById('tot2').innerHTML = tot2;
document.getElementById('tot3').innerHTML = tot3;

请注意,长度应该减1,因为索引从0开始。

http://jsfiddle.net/t4mtpm50/6/

答案 3 :(得分:1)

另一种选择是将整个学生列表洗牌,然后从洗牌组中选择前三个。 (此处的随机播放功能改编自https://stackoverflow.com/a/6274398/567595。)

function shuffle(array) {
    var i, temp, j;
    for (i = array.length; i; i--) {
        j = Math.floor(Math.random() * i);
        temp = array[i - 1];
        array[i - 1] = array[j];
        array[j] = temp;
    }
}
students = ["Paul", "Jan", "Fabian D.", "Fabian K.", "Lennard", 
                            "Robin", "Angelique", "Joyce", "Sarah", "Ajlin",
                            "Enes", "Leon", "Boran", "Joshua"];
shuffle(students);
document.getElementById('tot1').innerHTML = students[0];
document.getElementById('tot2').innerHTML = students[1];
document.getElementById('tot3').innerHTML = students[2];

http://jsfiddle.net/4o897kwa/1