mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM urls ORDER BY RAND() LIMIT 1;
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+-------+---------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+-------+---------------------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | urls | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 62228 | Using temporary; Using filesort |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+-------+---------------------------------+
以上不符合效率,我该如何正确地做到这一点?
更新
似乎使用答案中提到的解决方案仍无济于事:
mysql> explain SELECT *
-> FROM (
-> SELECT @cnt := COUNT(*) + 1,
-> @lim := 10
-> FROM urls
-> ) vars
-> STRAIGHT_JOIN
-> (
-> SELECT r.*,
-> @lim := @lim - 1
-> FROM urls r
-> WHERE (@cnt := @cnt - 1)
-> AND RAND(20090301) < @lim / @cnt
-> ) i;
+----+-------------+------------+--------+---------------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+--------+---------------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------------------+
| 1 | PRIMARY | <derived2> | system | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 1 | |
| 1 | PRIMARY | <derived3> | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 10 | |
| 3 | DERIVED | r | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 62228 | Using where |
| 2 | DERIVED | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | Select tables optimized away |
+----+-------------+------------+--------+---------------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------------------+
答案 0 :(得分:4)
Quassnoi撰写了post关于随机选择行而不执行排序的问题。他的例子随机选择10行,但你可以调整它只选择一行。
如果你希望它真的快,那么你可以使用一个不完全统一的近似值,或者有时候无法返回一行。
您还可以使用存储过程从Bill Karwin's post快速选择随机行:
SET @r := (SELECT ROUND(RAND() * (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM mytable)));
SET @sql := CONCAT('SELECT * FROM mytable LIMIT ', @r, ', 1');
PREPARE stmt1 FROM @sql;
EXECUTE stmt1;
请注意,这在MyISAM中的运行速度要比InnoDB快得多,因为在InnoDB中COUNT(*)很昂贵,但在MyISAM中几乎是即时的。
答案 1 :(得分:0)
好吧,如果你可以将一些逻辑移到应用层(我并没有误解你的问题),那么你需要的只是在应用程序中生成随机ID,然后对该键所标识的一条记录执行简单选择。您需要知道的只是记录数。哦,如果该密钥被删除,请下一个。