使用特殊字符解压缩固定宽度的unicode文件行。 Python UnicodeDecodeError

时间:2014-11-21 15:46:51

标签: python unicode fixed-length-record

我正在尝试解析数据库文件的每一行,以便为导入做好准备。它有固定的宽度线,但是以字符为单位,而不是以字节为单位。我已根据Martineau's answer对某些内容进行了编码,但我遇到了特殊字符的问题。

有时它们会破坏预期的宽度,有时它们会抛出UnicodeDecodeError。我相信解码错误可以修复,但我可以继续这样做struct.unpack并正确解码特殊字符吗?我认为问题是它们被编码为多个字节,弄乱了预期的字段宽度,我理解为字节而不是字符。

import os, csv

def ParseLine( arquivo):
    import struct, string   
    format = "1x 12s 1x 18s 1x 16s"
    expand = struct.Struct(format).unpack_from
    unpack = lambda line: tuple(s.decode() for s in expand(line.encode()))
    for line in arquivo:
        fields = unpack(line)
        yield [x.strip() for x in fields]

Caminho = r"C:\Sample"
os.chdir(Caminho)

with open("Sample data.txt", 'r') as arq: 
    with open("Out" + ".csv", "w", newline ='') as sai: 
        Write = csv.writer(sai, delimiter= ";", quoting=csv.QUOTE_MINIMAL).writerows
        for line in ParseLine(arq): 
            Write([line]) 

示例数据:

|     field 1|      field 2     |     field 3    |
| sreaodrsa  | raesodaso t.thl o| .tdosadot. osa |
| resaodra   | rôn. 2x  17/220V | sreao.tttra v  |
| esarod sê  | raesodaso t.thl o| .tdosadot. osa |
| esarod sa í| raesodaso t.thl o| .tdosadot. osa |

实际输出:

field 1;field 2;field 3
sreaodrsa;raesodaso t.thl o;.tdosadot. osa
resaodra;rôn. 2x  17/22;V | sreao.tttra

在输出中,我们看到第1行和第2行是预期的。第3行的宽度错误,可能是由于多字节ô。第4行引发以下异常:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Sample\FindSample.py", line 18, in <module>
    for line in ParseLine(arq):
  File "C:\Sample\FindSample.py", line 9, in ParseLine
    fields = unpack(line)
  File "C:\Sample\FindSample.py", line 7, in <lambda>
    unpack = lambda line: tuple(s.decode() for s in expand(line.encode()))
  File "C:\Sample\FindSample.py", line 7, in <genexpr>
    unpack = lambda line: tuple(s.decode() for s in expand(line.encode()))
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xc2 in position 11: unexpected end of data

我需要对每个字段执行特定操作,因此我不能像以前那样在整个文件上使用re.sub。我想保留这些代码,因为它似乎很有效并且处于工作的边缘。如果有一些更有效的解析方法,我可以尝试一下。我需要保留特殊字符。

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:0)

实际上,struct方法在这里落空,因为它期望字段是固定数量的字节宽,而您的格式使用固定数量的代码点

我根本不在这里使用struct。您的行已经解码为Unicode值,只需使用切片来提取数据:

def ParseLine(arquivo):
    slices = [slice(1, 13), slice(14, 32), slice(33, 49)]
    for line in arquivo:
        yield [line[s].strip() for s in slices]

这完全处理已经解码的行中的字符,而不是字节。如果您有字段宽度而不是索引,则还可以生成slice()个对象:

def widths_to_slices(widths):
    pos = 0
    for width in widths:
        pos += 1  # delimiter
        yield slice(pos, pos + width)
        pos += width

def ParseLine(arquivo):
    widths = (12, 18, 16)
    for line in arquivo:
        yield [line[s].strip() for s in widths_to_slices(widths)]

演示:

>>> sample = '''\
... |     field 1|      field 2     |     field 3    |
... | sreaodrsa  | raesodaso t.thl o| .tdosadot. osa |
... | resaodra   | rôn. 2x  17/220V | sreao.tttra v  |
... | esarod sê  | raesodaso t.thl o| .tdosadot. osa |
... | esarod sa í| raesodaso t.thl o| .tdosadot. osa |
... '''.splitlines()
>>> def ParseLine(arquivo):
...     slices = [slice(1, 13), slice(14, 32), slice(33, 49)]
...     for line in arquivo:
...         yield [line[s].strip() for s in slices]
... 
>>> for line in ParseLine(sample):
...     print(line)
... 
['field 1', 'field 2', 'field 3']
['sreaodrsa', 'raesodaso t.thl o', '.tdosadot. osa']
['resaodra', 'rôn. 2x  17/220V', 'sreao.tttra v']
['esarod sê', 'raesodaso t.thl o', '.tdosadot. osa']
['esarod sa í', 'raesodaso t.thl o', '.tdosadot. osa']