Rails Has_many通过关系 - New-Save和Create之间的区别

时间:2014-11-21 11:01:02

标签: ruby-on-rails ruby-on-rails-3 ruby-on-rails-4

我通过关系查看了Rails指南关于has_many的信息,但是他们在视图中的控制器中的has_many通过效果的文档很差。

模特:

class Project < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_many :twitter_memberships
  has_many :twitter_accounts, through: :twitter_memberships
end

class TwitterAccount < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_many :twitter_memberships
  has_many :projects, through: :twitter_memberships
end

class TwitterMembership < ActiveRecord::Base
  belongs_to :project
  belongs_to :twitter_account
end

路线:

resources :projects do
  resources :twitter_accounts
end

问题是,当我使用创建方法时,会自动创建一个TwitterMembership对象,但是当我使用新方法然后保存方法< / strong>,TwitterMembership尚未创建。 Stackoverflow中的许多帖子都说 create = new&amp;保存但似乎它们不一样。

例如:

Project.first.twitter_accounts.create(name: "bar")

正在创建TwitterAccount和TwitterMembership:

SQL (0.5ms)  INSERT INTO "twitter_accounts" ("created_at", "name", "updated_at") VALUES (?, ?, ?)  [["created_at", Thu, 20 Nov 2014 22:01:06 UTC +00:00], ["name", "test_record"], ["updated_at", Thu, 20 Nov 2014 22:01:06 UTC +00:00]]

SQL (0.3ms)  INSERT INTO "twitter_memberships" ("created_at", "project_id", "twitter_account_id", "updated_at") VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)  [["created_at", Thu, 20 Nov 2014 22:01:06 UTC +00:00], ["project_id", 1], ["twitter_account_id", 8], ["updated_at", Thu, 20 Nov 2014 22:01:06 UTC +00:00]]

但是当我在 controllers / twitter_accounts_controller 中使用 new&amp;创建 - 它没有创建TwitterMembership:

def new
  @twitter_account = @project.twitter_accounts.new
end

def create
  @twitter_account = @project.twitter_accounts.new(twitter_account_params)
  @twitter_account.save
end

你能解释一下new-save和create之间的区别吗?如果我直接在我的控制器中使用创建方法,这样可以吗?

def create
  @twitter_account = @project.twitter_accounts.create(twitter_account_params)
end

提前致谢。

修改。这是完整的控制器=&gt;

class TwitterAccountsController < ApplicationController
  before_action :set_project
  before_action :set_twitter_account, only: [:show, :edit, :update, :destroy]

  def new
    @twitter_account = @project.twitter_accounts.new
  end

  def create
    @twitter_account = @project.twitter_accounts.new(twitter_account_params)
    @twitter_account.save
  end

  private
    def set_project
      @project = Project.friendly.find(params[:project_id])
    end

    def set_twitter_account
      @twitter_account = TwitterAccount.friendly.find(params[:id])
    end

    def twitter_account_params
      params.require(:twitter_account).permit(:name, :account_id)
    end
end

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

修复

您需要在模型上设置反向关系,以保证关联上的buildnew能够始终如一地设置关系,外键和中间关联:

class Project < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_many :twitter_memberships, inverse_of: :project

  has_many :twitter_accounts, through: :twitter_memberships
end

class TwitterMembership < ActiveRecord::Base
  belongs_to :project,         inverse_of: :twitter_memberships
  belongs_to :twitter_account, inverse_of: :twitter_memberships
end

class TwitterAccount < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_many :twitter_memberships, inverse_of: :twitter_account

  has_many :projects, through: :twitter_memberships
end

然后应该让这项工作

@twitter_account = Project.first.twitter_accounts.new(name: 'baz')
@twitter_account.save

瞧:

SQL (0.3ms)  INSERT INTO "twitter_accounts" ("created_at", "name", "updated_at") VALUES (?, ?, ?)  [["created_at", "2014-11-21 19:19:06.323072"], ["name", "baz"], ["updated_at", "2014-11-21 19:19:06.323072"]]
SQL (0.1ms)  INSERT INTO "twitter_memberships" ("created_at", "project_id", "twitter_account_id", "updated_at") VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)  [["created_at", "2014-11-21 19:19:06.324779"], ["project_id", 1], ["twitter_account_id", 7], ["updated_at", "2014-11-21 19:19:06.324779"]]

此外,假设您在发生故障时处理了所有边缘情况,使用create是完全可以接受的。例如:如果失败,您是否向最终用户显示错误?如果它不应该失败,你应该引发一个异常(见create!)以生成某种通知,告知你失败。

为什么

简而言之,如果inverse_of上没有has_many设置,has_onebelongs_to Rails就无法完全理解将各种事物粘合在一起的中间模型链。 Rails在某些情况下(如create)会采取“最佳猜测”,并可能使事情正确。 Rails指南并没有说明这一点,但the documentation on inverse_of说明了这一点。

在所有inverse_ofhas_manyhas_one关系中设置belongs_to已成为Rails习惯用语,应该这样做以确保Rails没有必要进行猜测