ruby动态添加类变量

时间:2014-11-19 02:19:57

标签: ruby class-variables

示例:

class Base
  @@var = "base"

  def self.assign_var(var)
    @@var = var
  end

  def self.show_var
    @@var
  end

  def initialize
    p @@var
  end

end

class A < Base
  assign_var("a")
end

class B < Base
  assign_var("b")
end

class C < Base
  assign_var("c")
end

p A.show_var # "c"
p B.show_var # "c"
p C.show_var # "c"
a = A.new # "c"
b = B.new # "c"
c = C.new # "c"

如何让他们在班上分配自己的价值?像这样:

p A.show_var # "a"
p B.show_var # "b"
p C.show_var # "c"
a = A.new # "a"
b = B.new # "b"
c = C.new # "c"

更新

我需要在初始化程序中访问此var。

class Base
  @var = "base"

  def self.assign_var(var)
    @var = var
  end

  def self.show_var
    @var
  end

  def initialize
    p @var
  end
end

class A < Base
  assign_var("a")
end

class B < Base
  assign_var("b")
end

class C < Base
  assign_var("c")
end

p A.show_var # "a"
p B.show_var # "b"
p C.show_var # "c"
a = A.new # nil
b = B.new # nil
c = C.new # nil

如果我使用Vu的解决方案,那就不行了......有什么想法吗?

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:4)

类子变量未在子类中重新定义。在这种情况下,您可以使用类级别实例变量:

class Base
  @var = "base"

  def self.assign_var(var)
    @var = var
  end

  def self.show_var
    @var
  end
end

class A < Base
  assign_var("a")
end

class B < Base
  assign_var("b")
end

class C < Base
  assign_var("c")
end

p A.show_var # "a"
p B.show_var # "b"
p C.show_var # "c"

了解更多信息: http://www.railstips.org/blog/archives/2006/11/18/class-and-instance-variables-in-ruby/

答案 1 :(得分:2)

请将以下内容视为@Vu答案的延伸评论。他给出了一个很好的答案(+1),但故意保持接近OP的代码。我只想指出,通常的做法是使用类实例变量(如Vu所做的那样)和这些变量的访问器:

class Base
  @var = "base"
  class << self
    attr_accessor :var
  end
end

class A < Base
  @var = "a"
end

class B < Base
  self.var = "b"
end

Base.methods(false)      #=> [:var, :var=]
A.methods(false)         #=> []
A.methods.include?(:var) #=> true
A.method(:var=)          #=> #<Method: A(Base)
A.method(:var).owner     #=> #<Class:Base>

Base.instance_variables  #=> [:@var]
A.instance_variables     #=> [:@var]

Base.var #=> "base"
A.var    #=> "a"
B.var    #=> "b"
Base.var = 'cat'
Base.var #=> "cat"
A.var    #=> "a"