许多SO帖子向您展示如何有效地检查字典中是否存在密钥,例如Check if a given key already exists in a dictionary
如何为多级密钥执行此操作?例如,如果d["a"]["b"]
是一个字典,我如何检查d["a"]["b"]["c"]["d"]
是否存在而不做像这样可怕的事情:
if "a" in d and isInstance(d["a"], dict) and "b" in d["a"] and isInstance(d["a"]["b"], dict) and ...
是否有类似
的语法if "a"/"b"/"c"/"d" in d
我实际使用的是:我们有jsons,使用simplejson
解析为dicts,我需要从中提取值。其中一些值嵌套了三层和四层深度;但有时价值根本不存在。所以我想要这样的东西:
val = None if not d["a"]["b"]["c"]["d"] else d["a"]["b"]["c"]["d"] #here d["a"]["b"] may not even exist
编辑:如果某个子项存在但不是字典,则不要崩溃,例如d["a"]["b"] = 5
。
答案 0 :(得分:10)
可悲的是,没有任何内置语法或公共库来查询这样的词典。
但是,我相信你能做的最简单的事情(我觉得它足够有效)是:
d.get("a", {}).get("b", {}).get("c")
编辑:它不常见,但有:https://github.com/akesterson/dpath-python
编辑2 :示例:
>>> d = {"a": {"b": {}}}
>>> d.get("a", {}).get("b", {}).get("c")
>>> d = {"a": {}}
>>> d.get("a", {}).get("b", {}).get("c")
>>> d = {"a": {"b": {"c": 4}}}
>>> d.get("a", {}).get("b", {}).get("c")
4
答案 1 :(得分:3)
这不是一个好主意,我不建议在生产中使用它。但是,如果您只是为了学习目的而这样做,那么下面的内容可能适合您。
def rget(dct, keys, default=None):
"""
>>> rget({'a': 1}, ['a'])
1
>>> rget({'a': {'b': 2}}, ['a', 'b'])
2
"""
key = keys.pop(0)
try:
elem = dct[key]
except KeyError:
return default
except TypeError:
# you gotta handle non dict types here
# beware of sequences when your keys are integers
if not keys:
return elem
return rget(elem, keys, default)
答案 2 :(得分:2)
更新:我最终编写了自己的开源,可发布的库,允许其执行此操作:https://pypi.python.org/pypi/dictsearch
答案 3 :(得分:0)
一个非递归版本,与@Meitham的解决方案非常相似,它不会更改查找键。如果源词典中存在 exact 结构,则返回True
/ False
。
def subkey_in_dict(dct, subkey):
""" Returns True if the given subkey is present within the structure of the source dictionary, False otherwise.
The format of the subkey is parent_key:sub_key1:sub_sub_key2 (etc.) - description of the dict structure, where the
character ":" is the delemiter.
:param dct: the dictionary to be searched in.
:param subkey: the target keys structure, which should be present.
:returns Boolean: is the keys structure present in dct.
:raises AttributeError: if subkey is not a string.
"""
keys = subkey.split(':')
work_dict = dct
while keys:
target = keys.pop(0)
if isinstance(work_dict, dict):
if target in work_dict:
if not keys: # this is the last element in the input, and it is in the dict
return True
else: # not the last element of subkey, change the temp var
work_dict = work_dict[target]
else:
return False
else:
return False
检查的结构的格式为parent_key:sub_key1:sub_sub_key2
,其中:
字符是定界符。显然-区分大小写,如果字典中有列表,它将停止(返回False
)。
样品用量:
dct = {'a': {'b': {'c': {'d': 123}}}}
print(subkey_in_dict(dct, 'a:b:c:d')) # prints True
print(subkey_in_dict(dct, 'a:b:c:d:e')) # False
print(subkey_in_dict(dct, 'a:b:d')) # False
print(subkey_in_dict(dct, 'a:b:c')) # True