是否可以通过脚本/工具使用Oracle PL / SQL基于表fk关系自动生成许多删除语句?
在示例中:我有表:CHICKEN(CHICKEN_CODE NUMBER)并且有30个表格,其中包含我需要删除的CHICKEN_CODE的fk引用;还有其他150个表外键链接到我需要先删除的30个表。
我是否可以运行一些工具/脚本PL / SQL,以便根据FK关系为我生成所有必要的删除语句?
(顺便说一句,我知道有关关系的级联删除,但请注意:我不能在我的生产数据库中使用它,因为它很危险!)
我正在使用Oracle DataBase 10G R2。
请注意:
Generate Delete Statement From Foreign Key Relationships in SQL 2008?
另一位用户刚刚在SQL SERVER 2008中编写过,任何人都可以转换为Oracle 10G PL / SQL? 我无法......: - (
请假设V_CHICKEN和V_NATION是从根表中选择要删除的CHICKEN的条件:条件是:“根表上的COD_CHICKEN = V_CHICKEN和COD_NATION = V_NATION”。
答案 0 :(得分:21)
(我的第一个答案变得太长而且很难编辑,它得到了社区维基,这真的很烦人。这是脚本的最新版本。)
此脚本尝试通过递归执行级联删除。当存在循环引用时,它应该避免无限循环。但它要求所有循环引用约束都有ON DELETE SET NULL
或ON DELETE CASCADE
。
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE delete_cascade(
table_owner VARCHAR2,
parent_table VARCHAR2,
where_clause VARCHAR2
) IS
/* Example call: execute delete_cascade('MY_SCHEMA', 'MY_MASTER', 'where ID=1'); */
child_cons VARCHAR2(30);
parent_cons VARCHAR2(30);
child_table VARCHAR2(30);
child_cols VARCHAR(500);
parent_cols VARCHAR(500);
delete_command VARCHAR(10000);
new_where_clause VARCHAR2(10000);
/* gets the foreign key constraints on other tables which depend on columns in parent_table */
CURSOR cons_cursor IS
SELECT owner, constraint_name, r_constraint_name, table_name, delete_rule
FROM all_constraints
WHERE constraint_type = 'R'
AND delete_rule = 'NO ACTION'
AND r_constraint_name IN (SELECT constraint_name
FROM all_constraints
WHERE constraint_type IN ('P', 'U')
AND table_name = parent_table
AND owner = table_owner)
AND NOT table_name = parent_table; -- ignore self-referencing constraints
/* for the current constraint, gets the child columns and corresponding parent columns */
CURSOR columns_cursor IS
SELECT cc1.column_name AS child_col, cc2.column_name AS parent_col
FROM all_cons_columns cc1, all_cons_columns cc2
WHERE cc1.constraint_name = child_cons
AND cc1.table_name = child_table
AND cc2.constraint_name = parent_cons
AND cc1.position = cc2.position
ORDER BY cc1.position;
BEGIN
/* loops through all the constraints which refer back to parent_table */
FOR cons IN cons_cursor LOOP
child_cons := cons.constraint_name;
parent_cons := cons.r_constraint_name;
child_table := cons.table_name;
child_cols := '';
parent_cols := '';
/* loops through the child/parent column pairs, building the column lists of the DELETE statement */
FOR cols IN columns_cursor LOOP
IF child_cols IS NULL THEN
child_cols := cols.child_col;
ELSE
child_cols := child_cols || ', ' || cols.child_col;
END IF;
IF parent_cols IS NULL THEN
parent_cols := cols.parent_col;
ELSE
parent_cols := parent_cols || ', ' || cols.parent_col;
END IF;
END LOOP;
/* construct the WHERE clause of the delete statement, including a subquery to get the related parent rows */
new_where_clause :=
'where (' || child_cols || ') in (select ' || parent_cols || ' from ' || table_owner || '.' || parent_table ||
' ' || where_clause || ')';
delete_cascade(cons.owner, child_table, new_where_clause);
END LOOP;
/* construct the delete statement for the current table */
delete_command := 'delete from ' || table_owner || '.' || parent_table || ' ' || where_clause;
-- this just prints the delete command
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(delete_command || ';');
-- uncomment if you want to actually execute it:
--EXECUTE IMMEDIATE delete_command;
-- remember to issue a COMMIT (not included here, for safety)
END;
答案 1 :(得分:3)
问题是如果顶级键列没有一直传播到底部。 如果你可以从孙子WHERE parent_id =:1中删除它,那很好。 如果你不得不这样做,
DELETE FROM grandchild
WHERE child_id in (SELECT id FROM child WHERE parent_id = :1)
然后深入六或七深会给你丑陋(可能很慢)的查询。
虽然你说你不能制作CASCADE约束,但是你可以让它们最终立即推迟吗?这样就不会影响现有代码。您的“删除”会话将延迟所有约束。然后从父项中删除,从父项中删除记录不在父项中的子项,从子项中删除子项中没有匹配的孙等...
答案 2 :(得分:2)
这是开发PL / SQL技能和一般Oracle知识的一个很好的练习!
您需要在所有表中标识所有受约束的列,其关系从主表开始下降。您可以从两个视图中获取所需的所有信息:ALL_CONSTRAINTS和ALL_CONS_COLUMNS。 (如果所有表都与执行脚本的用户位于相同的模式中,则可以根据需要使用USER_CONSTRAINTS和USER_CONS_COLUMNS)
此查询将查找引用给定表的所有外键约束(在此示例中为CUSTOMER
):
SELECT constraint_name, table_name, constraint_type
FROM all_constraints
WHERE constraint_type = 'R'
AND r_constraint_name IN (SELECT constraint_name
FROM all_constraints
WHERE constraint_type IN ('P', 'U')
AND table_name = 'CUSTOMER');
CONSTRAINT_NAME C
------------------------------ -
CUSTOMER_FK1 R
CUSTOMER_FK4 R
CUSTOMER_FK5 R
CUSTOMER_FK3 R
CUSTOMER_FK2 R
现在,对于该查询的每个结果,您可以使用CONSTRAINT_NAME
列获取表和列名称,您可以使用该名称来编写DELETE语句以删除所有子表中的所有子行。
此示例获取名为CUSTOMER_FK1
SELECT table_name, column_name
FROM user_cons_columns
WHERE constraint_name = 'CUSTOMER_FK1'
TABLE_NAME COLUMN_NAME
----------------------------- ------------------------------------
RESERVATION CUSTOMER_UID
所以你可以做,例如:
DELETE FROM reservation
WHERE customer_uid = 00153464
或
DELETE FROM reservation
WHERE customer_uid IN (SELECT customer_uid
FROM customer
WHERE customer_type = 'X')
但是您的子表也有子表,所以当然您必须先删除那些子行(称之为孙子行)。假设有一个名为reservation_detail的表与预留有外键关系,你对reservation_detail的删除命令可能如下所示:
DELETE FROM reservation_detail
WHERE reservation_uid in (SELECT reservation_uid
FROM reservation
WHERE customer_uid IN (SELECT customer_uid
FROM customer
WHERE customer_type = 'X')
如果reservation_detail也有孩子......你明白了。当然,您可以使用连接而不是嵌套查询,但原则是相同的:依赖关系越深,删除命令就越复杂。
所以现在你知道怎么做了,面临的挑战是编写一个通用的PL / SQL脚本来删除任何给定表的所有子行,孙子行,曾孙行......(ad infinitum),来自自下而上。您必须使用recursion。应该是一个有趣的程序来写!
(上次编辑:删除了脚本;请参阅我的最终解决方案的其他答案。)