我正在制作一个Python脚本(从here修改并在下面报告),在Pubmed上搜索某个大学的论文数量,并下载合作者的从属关系。如果我运行代码,而不是附属关系,我会<Element 'Affiliation' at 0x106ea7e50>
。你知道怎么解决这个问题吗?我应该怎么做才能为所有作者下载联盟?谢谢!
import urllib, urllib2, sys
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
def chunker(seq, size):
return (seq[pos:pos + size] for pos in xrange(0, len(seq), size))
query = '(("University of Copenhagen"[Affiliation]))# AND ("1920"[Publication Date] : "1930"[Publication Date]))'
esearch = 'http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/esearch.fcgi?db=pubmed&mindate=2001&maxdate=2010&retmode=xml&retmax=10000000&term=%s' % (query)
handle = urllib.urlopen(esearch)
data = handle.read()
root = ET.fromstring(data)
ids = [x.text for x in root.findall("IdList/Id")]
print 'Got %d articles' % (len(ids))
for group in chunker(ids, 100):
efetch = "http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?&db=pubmed&retmode=xml&id=%s" % (','.join(group))
handle = urllib.urlopen(efetch)
data = handle.read()
root = ET.fromstring(data)
for article in root.findall("PubmedArticle"):
pmid = article.find("MedlineCitation/PMID").text
year = article.find("MedlineCitation/Article/Journal/JournalIssue/PubDate/Year")
if year is None: year = 'NA'
else: year = year.text
aulist = article.findall("MedlineCitation/Article/AuthorList/Author")
affiliation = article.find("MedlineCitation/Article/AuthorList/Author/Affiliation")
print pmid, year, len(aulist), affiliation
答案 0 :(得分:2)
发生这种情况的原因是affiliation
对象引用的是XML元素,而不是一段文本。如果您想要的字符串包含在值中,如下所示:
<affiliation>
your_affiliation_text
</affiliation>
您想要打印affiliation.text
。
如果您想要的字符串包含在属性中,如下所示:
<affiliation your_attribute_name="your_affiliation">
您想要使用affiliation.attrib[name]
。
答案 1 :(得分:1)
此答案将代码更新为Python 3,并修复了XML中的从属位置(我在MedlineCitation/Article/AuthorList/Author/AffiliationInfo
中看到它,而不是"MedlineCitation/Article/AuthorList/Author/Affiliation
,也许它随时间改变了位置?)。在此示例中,我们将基于其PMID(31888621
)仅检索1张论文https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31888621/的作者隶属关系:
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
from urllib.request import urlopen
def chunker(seq, size):
return (seq[pos:pos + size] for pos in xrange(0, len(seq), size))
efetch = "http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?&db=pubmed&retmode=xml&id=%s" % ('31888621')
handle = urlopen(efetch)
data = handle.read()
root = ET.fromstring(data)
for article in root.findall("PubmedArticle"):
pmid = article.find("MedlineCitation/PMID").text
year = article.find("MedlineCitation/Article/Journal/JournalIssue/PubDate/Year")
if year is None: year = 'NA'
else: year = year.text
aulist = article.findall("MedlineCitation/Article/AuthorList/Author")
affiliation = article.find("MedlineCitation/Article/AuthorList/Author/AffiliationInfo")
#print(pmid, year, len(aulist), affiliation, aulist, ET.dump(root))
for author in aulist:
print(ET.dump(author))
输出:
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Tang</LastName>
<ForeName>Lingkai</ForeName>
<Initials>L</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5A9, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
None
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Mostafa</LastName>
<ForeName>Sakib</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5A9, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
None
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Liao</LastName>
<ForeName>Bo</ForeName>
<Initials>B</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
None
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Wu</LastName>
<ForeName>Fang-Xiang</ForeName>
<Initials>FX</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-4593-9332</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5A9, Canada. faw341@mail.usask.ca.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5A9, Canada. faw341@mail.usask.ca.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
None