我使用名为dict的命令行DICT客户端，如下所示：dict <some word>，它将显示我已配置的字典服务器的含义。
我想与Python的dict服务器进行交互，例如重新实现Python中的命令行客户端。
我在我安装的Ubuntu存储库中找到了dict协议的Python模块（apt-get install python-dictclient），但遗憾的是我找不到该模块的任何文档。我试图理解模块的内置帮助help('dictclient')，但没有成功。我只能连接到一个dict服务器并且能够看到分开的定义，这是我的尝试：
import dictclient
c = dictclient.Connection('localhost', 2628)
如果有人有这个模块的经验，请向我解释如何使用它。
答案 0 :(得分：1)
在Python中使用dictclient获取类似dict的定义：
from dictclient import Connection, Database
from sys import argv
con = Connection("dict.org") #or whatever your server is
db = Database(con, "*") #replace * with ! to get only the first result
def_list = db.define(argv[1]) #list containing Definition objects
for x in def_list:
print x.getdefstr() + '\n'
答案 1 :(得分：-2)
以下是a Python3 version of dictlient：
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- # Client for the DICT protocol (RFC2229) # # Copyright (C) 2002 John Goerzen # # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or # (at your option) any later version. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA # A few small hacks to make it work on Python3 - KrisvanderMerwe 25 Aoril 2015 import socket, re version = '1.0.2.1' def dequote(teks): """Will remove single or double quotes from the start and end of a string and return the result.""" quotechars = "'\"" while len(teks) and teks[0] in quotechars: teks = teks[1:] while len(teks) and teks[-1] in quotechars: teks = teks[0:-1] return teks def enquote(teks): """This function will put a string in double quotes, properly escaping any existing double quotes with a backslash. It will return the result.""" return '"' + teks.replace('"', "\\\"") + '"' class Connection: """This class is used to establish a connection to a database server. You will usually use this as the first call into the dictclient library. Instantiating it takes two optional arguments: a hostname (a string) and a port (an int). The hostname defaults to localhost and the port to 2628, the port specified in RFC.""" def __init__(self, hostname = 'localhost', port = 2628): self.sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) self.sock.connect((hostname, port)) self.rfile = self.sock.makefile() self.wfile = self.sock.makefile("wb", 0) self.saveconnectioninfo() def getresultcode(self): """Generic function to get a result code. It will return a list consisting of two items: the integer result code and the text following. You will not usually use this function directly.""" line = self.rfile.readline().strip() code, text = line.split(' ', 1) return [int(code), text] def get200result(self): """Used when expecting a single line of text -- a 200-class result. Returns [intcode, remaindertext]""" code, text = self.getresultcode() if code < 200 or code >= 300: raise Exception ("Got '%s' when 200-class response expected %s " % (code,text) ) return [code, text] def get100block(self): """Used when expecting multiple lines of text -- gets the block part only. Does not get any codes or anything! Returns a string.""" data = [] while 1: line = self.rfile.readline().strip() if line == '.': break data.append(line) return "\n".join(data) def get100result(self): """Used when expecting multiple lines of text, terminated by a period and a 200 code. Returns: [initialcode, [bodytext_1lineperentry], finalcode]""" code, text = self.getresultcode() if code < 100 or code >= 200: raise Exception ("Got '%s' when 100-class response expected" % code ) bodylines = self.get100block().split("\n") code2 = self.get200result()[0] return [code, bodylines, code2] def get100dict(self): """Used when expecting a dictionary of results. Will read from the initial 100 code, to a period and the 200 code.""" dicl = {} for line in self.get100result()[1]: key, val = line.split(' ', 1) dicl[key] = dequote(val) return dicl def saveconnectioninfo(self): """Called by __init__ to handle the initial connection. Will save off the capabilities and messageid.""" code, string = self.get200result() assert code == 220 capstr, msgid = re.search('<(.*)> (<.*>)$', string).groups() self.capabilities = capstr.split('.') self.messageid = msgid def getcapabilities(self): """Returns a list of the capabilities advertised by the server.""" return self.capabilities def getmessageid(self): """Returns the message id, including angle brackets.""" return self.messageid def getdbdescs(self): """Gets a dict of available databases. The key is the db name and the value is the db description. This command may generate network traffic!""" if hasattr(self, 'dbdescs'): return self.dbdescs self.sendcommand("SHOW DB") self.dbdescs = self.get100dict() return self.dbdescs def getstratdescs(self): """Gets a dict of available strategies. The key is the strat name and the value is the strat description. This call may generate network traffic!""" if hasattr(self, 'stratdescs'): return self.stratdescs self.sendcommand("SHOW STRAT") self.stratdescs = self.get100dict() return self.stratdescs def getdbobj(self, dbname): """Gets a Database object corresponding to the database name passed in. This function explicitly will *not* generate network traffic. If you have not yet run getdbdescs(), it will fail.""" if not hasattr(self, 'dbobjs'): self.dbobjs = {} if dbname in self.dbobjs: return self.dbobjs[dbname] # We use self.dbdescs explicitly since we don't want to # generate net traffic with this request! if dbname != '*' and dbname != '!' and \ not dbname in self.dbdescs.keys(): raise Exception( "Invalid database name '%s'" % dbname ) self.dbobjs[dbname] = Database(self, dbname) return self.dbobjs[dbname] def sendcommand(self, command): """Takes a command, without a newline character, and sends it to the server.""" self.wfile.write(command.encode() + b"\n") def define(self, database, word): """Returns a list of Definition objects for each matching definition. Parameters are the database name and the word to look up. This is one of the main functions you will use to interact with the server. Returns a list of Definition objects. If there are no matches, an empty list is returned. Note: database may be '*' which means to search all databases, or '!' which means to return matches from the first database that has a match.""" self.getdbdescs() # Prime the cache if database != '*' and database != '!' and \ not database in self.getdbdescs(): raise Exception ( "Invalid database '%s' specified" % database ) self.sendcommand("DEFINE " + enquote(database) + " " + enquote(word)) code = self.getresultcode()[0] retval = [] if code == 552: # No definitions. return [] if code != 150: raise Exception ("Unknown code %d" % code ) while 1: code, text = self.getresultcode() if code != 151: break resultword, resultdb = re.search('^"(.+)" (\S+)', text).groups() defstr = self.get100block() retval.append(Definition(self, self.getdbobj(resultdb), resultword, defstr)) return retval def match(self, database, strategy, word): """Gets matches for a query. Arguments are database name, the strategy (see available ones in getstratdescs()), and the pattern/word to look for. Returns a list of Definition objects. If there is no match, an empty list is returned. Note: database may be '*' which means to search all databases, or '!' which means to return matches from the first database that has a match.""" self.getstratdescs() # Prime the cache self.getdbdescs() # Prime the cache if not strategy in self.getstratdescs().keys(): raise Exception ( "Invalid strategy '%s'" % strategy ) if database != '*' and database != '!' and not database in self.getdbdescs().keys(): raise Exception ( "Invalid database name '%s'" % database ) self.sendcommand("MATCH %s %s %s" % (enquote(database), enquote(strategy), enquote(word))) code = self.getresultcode()[0] if code == 552: # No Matches return [] if code != 152: raise Exception ( "Unexpected code %d" % code ) retval = [] for matchline in self.get100block().split("\n"): matchdict, matchword = matchline.split(" ", 1) retval.append(Definition(self, self.getdbobj(matchdict), dequote(matchword))) if self.getresultcode()[0] != 250: raise Exception ( "Unexpected end-of-list code %d" % code ) return retval class Database: """An object corresponding to a particular database in a server.""" def __init__(self, dictconn, dbname): """Initialize the object -- requires a Connection object and a database name.""" self.conn = dictconn self.name = dbname def getname(self): """Returns the short name for this database.""" return self.name def getdescription(self): if hasattr(self, 'description'): return self.description if self.getname() == '*': self.description = 'All Databases' elif self.getname() == '!': self.description = 'First matching database' else: self.description = self.conn.getdbdescs()[self.getname()] return self.description def getinfo(self): """Returns a string of info describing this database.""" if hasattr(self, 'info'): return self.info if self.getname() == '*': self.info = "This special database will search all databases on the system." elif self.getname() == '!': self.info = "This special database will return matches from the first matching database." else: self.conn.sendcommand("SHOW INFO " + self.name) self.info = "\n".join(self.conn.get100result()[1]) return self.info def define(self, word): """Get a definition from within this database. The argument, word, is the word to look up. The return value is the same as from Connection.define().""" return self.conn.define(self.getname(), word) def match(self, strategy, word): """Get a match from within this database. The argument, word, is the word to look up. The return value is the same as from Connection.define().""" return self.conn.match(self.getname(), strategy, word) class Definition: """An object corresponding to a single definition.""" def __init__(self, dictconn, db, word, defstr = None): """Instantiate the object. Requires: a Connection object, a Database object (NOT corresponding to '*' or '!' databases), a word. Optional: a definition string. If not supplied, it will be fetched if/when it is requested.""" self.conn = dictconn self.db = db self.word = word self.defstr = defstr def getdb(self): """Get the Database object corresponding to this definition.""" return self.db def getdefstr(self): """Get the definition string (the actual content) of this definition.""" if not self.defstr: self.defstr = self.conn.define(self.getdb().getname(), self.word)[0].getdefstr() return self.defstr def getword(self): """Get the word this object describes.""" return self.word