我是django 1.7和python3的新手。我正在使用OSX。正如我在线关注django 1.7文档，
我试过
python3 manage.py migrate
结果
Operations to perform:
Apply all migrations: auth, contenttypes, sessions, admin
Running migrations:
No migrations to apply.
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/contrib/contenttypes/models.py", line 44, in get_for_model
ct = self._get_from_cache(opts)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/contrib/contenttypes/models.py", line 34, in _get_from_cache
return self.__class__._cache[self.db][key]
KeyError: 'default'
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 65, in execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 128, in execute
return self.cursor.execute(query, args)
File "/Users/NAME/Library/Python/3.4/lib/python/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 184, in execute
self.errorhandler(self, exc, value)
File "/Users/NAME/Library/Python/3.4/lib/python/site-packages/MySQLdb/connections.py", line 37, in defaulterrorhandler
raise errorvalue
File "/Users/NAME/Library/Python/3.4/lib/python/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 171, in execute
r = self._query(query)
File "/Users/NAME/Library/Python/3.4/lib/python/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 330, in _query
rowcount = self._do_query(q)
File "/Users/NAME/Library/Python/3.4/lib/python/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 294, in _do_query
db.query(q)
_mysql_exceptions.ProgrammingError: (1064, "You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '%s AND `django_content_type`.`model` = %s) LIMIT 21' at line 1")
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/contrib/contenttypes/models.py", line 50, in get_for_model
defaults={'name': smart_text(opts.verbose_name_raw)},
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/manager.py", line 92, in manager_method
return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 422, in get_or_create
return self.get(**lookup), False
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 351, in get
num = len(clone)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 122, in __len__
self._fetch_all()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 966, in _fetch_all
self._result_cache = list(self.iterator())
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 265, in iterator
for row in compiler.results_iter():
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/compiler.py", line 700, in results_iter
for rows in self.execute_sql(MULTI):
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/compiler.py", line 786, in execute_sql
cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 81, in execute
return super(CursorDebugWrapper, self).execute(sql, params)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 65, in execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 94, in __exit__
six.reraise(dj_exc_type, dj_exc_value, traceback)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/utils/six.py", line 549, in reraise
raise value.with_traceback(tb)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 65, in execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 128, in execute
return self.cursor.execute(query, args)
File "/Users/NAME/Library/Python/3.4/lib/python/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 184, in execute
self.errorhandler(self, exc, value)
File "/Users/NAME/Library/Python/3.4/lib/python/site-packages/MySQLdb/connections.py", line 37, in defaulterrorhandler
raise errorvalue
File "/Users/NAME/Library/Python/3.4/lib/python/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 171, in execute
r = self._query(query)
File "/Users/NAME/Library/Python/3.4/lib/python/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 330, in _query
rowcount = self._do_query(q)
File "/Users/NAME/Library/Python/3.4/lib/python/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 294, in _do_query
db.query(q)
django.db.utils.ProgrammingError: (1064, "You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '%s AND `django_content_type`.`model` = %s) LIMIT 21' at line 1")
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "manage.py", line 10, in <module>
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 385, in execute_from_command_line
utility.execute()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 377, in execute
self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 288, in run_from_argv
self.execute(*args, **options.__dict__)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 338, in execute
output = self.handle(*args, **options)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py", line 164, in handle
emit_post_migrate_signal(created_models, self.verbosity, self.interactive, connection.alias)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/sql.py", line 268, in emit_post_migrate_signal
using=db)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/dispatch/dispatcher.py", line 198, in send
response = receiver(signal=self, sender=sender, **named)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/management/__init__.py", line 83, in create_permissions
ctype = ContentType.objects.db_manager(using).get_for_model(klass)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/contrib/contenttypes/models.py", line 58, in get_for_model
" is migrated before trying to migrate apps individually."
RuntimeError: Error creating new content types. Please make sure contenttypes is migrated before trying to migrate apps individually.`
我不知道这意味着什么，我确信这是不对的。 迁移是否成功？ 请帮忙。感谢
这是我的/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/contrib/contenttypes/models.py
from __future__ import unicode_literals
from django.apps import apps
from django.db import models
from django.db.utils import OperationalError, ProgrammingError
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
from django.utils.encoding import smart_text, force_text
from django.utils.encoding import python_2_unicode_compatible
class ContentTypeManager(models.Manager):
# Cache to avoid re-looking up ContentType objects all over the place.
# This cache is shared by all the get_for_* methods.
_cache = {}
def get_by_natural_key(self, app_label, model):
try:
ct = self.__class__._cache[self.db][(app_label, model)]
except KeyError:
ct = self.get(app_label=app_label, model=model)
self._add_to_cache(self.db, ct)
return ct
def _get_opts(self, model, for_concrete_model):
if for_concrete_model:
model = model._meta.concrete_model
elif model._deferred:
model = model._meta.proxy_for_model
return model._meta
def _get_from_cache(self, opts):
key = (opts.app_label, opts.model_name)
return self.__class__._cache[self.db][key]
def get_for_model(self, model, for_concrete_model=True):
"""
Returns the ContentType object for a given model, creating the
ContentType if necessary. Lookups are cached so that subsequent lookups
for the same model don't hit the database.
"""
opts = self._get_opts(model, for_concrete_model)
try:
ct = self._get_from_cache(opts)
except KeyError:
try:
ct, created = self.get_or_create(
app_label=opts.app_label,
model=opts.model_name,
defaults={'name': smart_text(opts.verbose_name_raw)},
)
except (OperationalError, ProgrammingError):
# It's possible to migrate a single app before contenttypes,
# as it's not a required initial dependency (it's contrib!)
# Have a nice error for this.
raise RuntimeError(
"Error creating new content types. Please make sure contenttypes" +
" is migrated before trying to migrate apps individually."
)
self._add_to_cache(self.db, ct)
return ct
def get_for_models(self, *models, **kwargs):
"""
Given *models, returns a dictionary mapping {model: content_type}.
"""
for_concrete_models = kwargs.pop('for_concrete_models', True)
# Final results
results = {}
# models that aren't already in the cache
needed_app_labels = set()
needed_models = set()
needed_opts = set()
for model in models:
opts = self._get_opts(model, for_concrete_models)
try:
ct = self._get_from_cache(opts)
except KeyError:
needed_app_labels.add(opts.app_label)
needed_models.add(opts.model_name)
needed_opts.add(opts)
else:
results[model] = ct
if needed_opts:
cts = self.filter(
app_label__in=needed_app_labels,
model__in=needed_models
)
for ct in cts:
model = ct.model_class()
if model._meta in needed_opts:
results[model] = ct
needed_opts.remove(model._meta)
self._add_to_cache(self.db, ct)
for opts in needed_opts:
# These weren't in the cache, or the DB, create them.
ct = self.create(
app_label=opts.app_label,
model=opts.model_name,
name=smart_text(opts.verbose_name_raw),
)
self._add_to_cache(self.db, ct)
results[ct.model_class()] = ct
return results
def get_for_id(self, id):
"""
Lookup a ContentType by ID. Uses the same shared cache as get_for_model
(though ContentTypes are obviously not created on-the-fly by get_by_id).
"""
try:
ct = self.__class__._cache[self.db][id]
except KeyError:
# This could raise a DoesNotExist; that's correct behavior and will
# make sure that only correct ctypes get stored in the cache dict.
ct = self.get(pk=id)
self._add_to_cache(self.db, ct)
return ct
def clear_cache(self):
"""
Clear out the content-type cache. This needs to happen during database
flushes to prevent caching of "stale" content type IDs (see
django.contrib.contenttypes.management.update_contenttypes for where
this gets called).
"""
self.__class__._cache.clear()
def _add_to_cache(self, using, ct):
"""Insert a ContentType into the cache."""
# Note it's possible for ContentType objects to be stale; model_class() will return None.
# Hence, there is no reliance on model._meta.app_label here, just using the model fields instead.
key = (ct.app_label, ct.model)
self.__class__._cache.setdefault(using, {})[key] = ct
self.__class__._cache.setdefault(using, {})[ct.id] = ct
@python_2_unicode_compatible
class ContentType(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
app_label = models.CharField(max_length=100)
model = models.CharField(_('python model class name'), max_length=100)
objects = ContentTypeManager()
class Meta:
verbose_name = _('content type')
verbose_name_plural = _('content types')
db_table = 'django_content_type'
ordering = ('name',)
unique_together = (('app_label', 'model'),)
def __str__(self):
# self.name is deprecated in favor of using model's verbose_name, which
# can be translated. Formal deprecation is delayed until we have DB
# migration to be able to remove the field from the database along with
# the attribute.
#
# We return self.name only when users have changed its value from the
# initial verbose_name_raw and might rely on it.
model = self.model_class()
if not model or self.name != model._meta.verbose_name_raw:
return self.name
else:
return force_text(model._meta.verbose_name)
def model_class(self):
"Returns the Python model class for this type of content."
try:
return apps.get_model(self.app_label, self.model)
except LookupError:
return None
def get_object_for_this_type(self, **kwargs):
"""
Returns an object of this type for the keyword arguments given.
Basically, this is a proxy around this object_type's get_object() model
method. The ObjectNotExist exception, if thrown, will not be caught,
so code that calls this method should catch it.
"""
return self.model_class()._base_manager.using(self._state.db).get(**kwargs)
def get_all_objects_for_this_type(self, **kwargs):
"""
Returns all objects of this type for the keyword arguments given.
"""
return self.model_class()._base_manager.using(self._state.db).filter(**kwargs)
def natural_key(self):
return (self.app_label, self.model)
答案 0 :(得分：3)
我相信它是与mysql的依赖。切换到postgresql后，一切都解决了。我发现python与mysql的连接器只有python 3.3，我使用的是python3.4。这可能是原因，我找不到mysql和python 3.4的连接器。
答案 1 :(得分：1)
我认为依赖项可能存在一些问题。
而不是跑步：
python3 manage.py migrate
尝试：
python manage.py makemigrations yourapp
python manage.py migrate
如果这不起作用，请执行以下操作：
python manage.py syncdb --all