线程调度循环/调度分派

时间:2010-04-14 21:45:52

标签: c multithreading posix

#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <semaphore.h> 
#define NUM_THREADS  4
#define COUNT_LIMIT 13
int     done = 0;
int     count = 0;
int     quantum = 2;
int     thread_ids[4] = {0,1,2,3};
int     thread_runtime[4] = {0,5,4,7};
pthread_mutex_t count_mutex;
pthread_cond_t count_threshold_cv;

void * inc_count(void * arg);


static sem_t count_sem;


 int quit = 0;

///////// Inc_Count////////////////
void *inc_count(void *t) 
{
   long my_id = (long)t;
   int i;
   sem_wait(&count_sem);   /////////////CRIT SECTION//////////////////////////////////      
   printf("run_thread = %d\n",my_id);
   printf("%d \n",thread_runtime[my_id]);
   for( i=0; i < thread_runtime[my_id];i++)
      {
         printf("runtime= %d\n",thread_runtime[my_id]);
         pthread_mutex_lock(&count_mutex); 
         count++;
         if (count == COUNT_LIMIT) {
            pthread_cond_signal(&count_threshold_cv);
            printf("inc_count(): thread %ld, count = %d  Threshold reached.\n", my_id,
            count);
         }
      printf("inc_count(): thread %ld, count = %d, unlocking mutex\n",my_id, count);
      pthread_mutex_unlock(&count_mutex);
      sleep(1) ;
      }//End For
   sem_post(&count_sem); // Next Thread Enters Crit Section
   pthread_exit(NULL);
}

/////////// Count_Watch ////////////////
void *watch_count(void *t) 
{
  long my_id = (long)t;
  printf("Starting watch_count(): thread %ld\n", my_id);

  pthread_mutex_lock(&count_mutex);
  if (count<COUNT_LIMIT) {
     pthread_cond_wait(&count_threshold_cv, &count_mutex);
     printf("watch_count(): thread %ld Condition signal received.\n", my_id);
     printf("watch_count(): thread %ld count now = %d.\n", my_id, count);
     }
  pthread_mutex_unlock(&count_mutex);
  pthread_exit(NULL);
}


////////////////// Main ////////////////
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
   int i;
   long t1=0, t2=1, t3=2, t4=3;
   pthread_t threads[4];
   pthread_attr_t attr;
   sem_init(&count_sem, 0, 1);
   /* Initialize mutex and condition variable objects */
   pthread_mutex_init(&count_mutex, NULL);
   pthread_cond_init (&count_threshold_cv, NULL);
   /* For portability, explicitly create threads in a joinable state */
   pthread_attr_init(&attr);
   pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE);
   pthread_create(&threads[0], &attr, watch_count, (void *)t1);
   pthread_create(&threads[1], &attr, inc_count, (void *)t2);
   pthread_create(&threads[2], &attr, inc_count, (void *)t3);
   pthread_create(&threads[3], &attr, inc_count, (void *)t4);
   /* Wait for all threads to complete */
   for (i=0; i<NUM_THREADS; i++) {
      pthread_join(threads[i], NULL);
   }
   printf ("Main(): Waited on %d  threads. Done.\n", NUM_THREADS);
   /* Clean up and exit */
   pthread_attr_destroy(&attr);
   pthread_mutex_destroy(&count_mutex);
   pthread_cond_destroy(&count_threshold_cv);
   pthread_exit(NULL);
  }

我正在努力学习线程调度,有很多我不知道的技术编码。我在理论上确实知道它应该如何工作,但是在代码开始时遇到了麻烦...

我知道,至少我认为,这个程序不是实时的,也不是故意的。 一些我需要创建一个调度程序调度来按照它们应该运行的顺序控制线程... RR FCFS SJF等。

现在我没有调度员。我所拥有的是控制线程的信号量/互斥量。

这段代码运行FCFS ...我一直在尝试使用信号量来创建RR ..但是遇到了很多麻烦。我相信创建一个调度员会更容易,但我不知道如何。

我需要帮助,我不是只寻找方向的答案..一些示例代码将有助于理解更多。

好的,为了帮助理解,我的第一个想法是使用信号量并尝试创建一个循环,这样当一个线程运行时,可以说2次线程等待其他线程运行两次或直到运行时间结束。

我遇到的问题是,似乎没有以这种方式同步线程的好方法。除非有办法为每个线程制作一个唯一的信号量。这就是为什么我想在创建调度程序功能方面提供一些帮助或指导。

谢谢。

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:4)

首先,操作系统是系统中唯一可以实际安排线程运行的实体。新Linux内核中最常见的调度程序是静态优先级FCFS和RR,以及SCHED_OTHER调度程序,现在由完全公平的调度程序实现。

似乎你混淆了“操作系统级别调度”的概念。 “应用程序级调度”。前者对您的应用程序及其语义一无所知。后者必须使用信号量,队列等工具来实现......

实现以FCFS方式执行的一组线程的一种方法是创建FIFO队列,使用互斥锁保护它,并在此队列中放置令牌,允许线程知道轮到它们运行。

线程的伪代码是:

while (1)
   lock_mutex()
   next = pop_queue()
   if (next == me)
      do_my_work()
      unlock_mutex()
      break
   unlock_muteX()

请注意,此示例不应按原样使用。它需要消费者和生产者以及其他消费者之间的认真协调。它也没有解决更详细的语义,例如应该被序列化,或者只是作为FCFS的工作的开始,或者线程数和可用CPU之间的关系。

答案 1 :(得分:1)

您正在实现的代码根本不是一个调度程序。要开发一个调度程序,你必须激活核心的TICK中断服务程序,并且在中断代码上,你必须进行系统调用以搜索必须运行的任务,然后你的调度程序在汇编程序中进行上下文切换,这样你可以调用下一个任务函数。每个任务在HEAP上都有自己的内存,你可以使用malloc()函数初始化任务,你必须划分那块内存,因为一个部分将成为你的虚拟堆栈而另一部分将是是您的堆栈帧,包含上下文切换所涉及的所有系统寄存器。对于告诉您下一个任务是什么的schedule()函数,每个任务有两个基本状态(就绪和运行),如果任务处于就绪模式,您可以根据优先级将其置于运行模式。任务。

上下文切换在发生勾选中断时保存所有寄存器,因此当调度程序再次调用中断的任务时,您可以在代码的该点返回。以下是MIPS架构的示例。

int schedule(void){
    int lub_CurrentTskOrder = 0;
    int lub_IndexTask = 0;
    int lub_NextTsk2Run = 0;
    int lub_x = 0;
    int lub_y = 0;

    /* SEARCH THE RUNNING CURRENT TASK */
    for(lub_x = 0; lub_x < rub_InitializedTasks; lub_x++) {
        if(rs_SchedTask[lub_x].ub_task_status == tskRun) {
            rs_SchedTask[lub_x].ub_task_status = tskReady;
            lub_IndexTask = lub_x;
        }
    }

    if(rub_FirstDispatch == FALSE) {
        rs_SchedTask[lub_IndexTask].ub_task_status = tskRun;
        return lub_IndexTask;
    }

    for(lub_x = 0; lub_x < MAX_TASKS_NUMBER; lub_x++) {
        if(rs_SchedTask[lub_IndexTask].ub_ExecutionOrder == (rub_InitializedTasks - 1))
            lub_CurrentTskOrder = 0;
        else
            lub_CurrentTskOrder = rs_SchedTask[lub_IndexTask].ub_ExecutionOrder + 1;

        /* SEARCH THE NEXT EXECUTION TASK IN READY MODE */
        for(lub_y = 0; lub_y < MAX_TASKS_NUMBER; lub_y++) {
            if((rs_SchedTask[lub_y].ub_task_status == tskReady) && (rs_SchedTask[lub_y].ub_ExecutionOrder == lub_CurrentTskOrder)) {
                rs_SchedTask[lub_y].ub_task_status = tskRun;
                return lub_y;
            }
            else if((rs_SchedTask[lub_y].ub_task_status != tskReady) && (rs_SchedTask[lub_y].ub_ExecutionOrder == lub_CurrentTskOrder)) {
                lub_IndexTask = lub_y;
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    return(0);
}

/* INITIALIZE A STACK ON THE HEAP FOR AN SPECIFIC TASK */

S_PID sched_alloc(T_UBYTE lub_TaskNumber, S_TASK *lps_TaskStart)
{
    T_ULONG lul_x = 0;
    S_PID ls_pid_t;

    if((rub_InitializedTasks <= MAX_TASKS_NUMBER) && (rs_SchedTask[rub_InitializedTasks].ub_StackInit != TRUE)) {
        rs_SchedTask[rub_InitializedTasks].ub_ExecutionOrder = lub_TaskNumber;
        rs_SchedTask[rub_InitializedTasks].pfu_Entry = lps_TaskStart->pfu_Entry;                                                           // (1) STORE THE TASK ADDRESS TO INITIALIZE THE SCHEDULER
        rs_SchedTask[rub_InitializedTasks].pul_TaskFrame = malloc(((TASK_CONTEXT_STACK + lps_TaskStart->ul_StackSize) * 4) + 1);       // (2) CREATES A FRAME ON THE HEAP FOR THE CURRENT TASK
        ls_pid_t.pul_TaskFrame = rs_SchedTask[rub_InitializedTasks].pul_TaskFrame;

        for(lul_x = 0; lul_x < (TASK_CONTEXT_STACK + lps_TaskStart->ul_StackSize); lul_x++)     {                                              // (3) CLEAN ALL THE REGISTER SPACES ON THE CURRENT STACK
            rs_SchedTask[rub_InitializedTasks].pul_TaskFrame++;
            *rs_SchedTask[rub_InitializedTasks].pul_TaskFrame = 0x00;
        }
        rs_SchedTask[rub_InitializedTasks].pul_TaskFrame -= (TASK_CONTEXT_STACK + lps_TaskStart->ul_StackSize);                            // (4) RETURN TO THE STACK POSITION
        rs_SchedTask[rub_InitializedTasks].pul_TaskFrame++;
        *rs_SchedTask[rub_InitializedTasks].pul_TaskFrame = (T_ULONG)lps_TaskStart->pfu_Entry;                                         // (5) SAVE THE RETURN ADDRESS FOR THE TASK
        rs_SchedTask[rub_InitializedTasks].pul_TaskFrame--;
        rs_SchedTask[rub_InitializedTasks].pul_TaskStack = rs_SchedTask[rub_InitializedTasks].pul_TaskFrame + TASK_CONTEXT_STACK;  // (6) SET STACK FRAME ROOM FOR THE TASK
        rs_SchedTask[rub_InitializedTasks].pul_TaskStack += 0x54;                                                                      // (7) MAKE ROOM FOR REGISTERS ON STACK FRAME
        *rs_SchedTask[rub_InitializedTasks].pul_TaskFrame = (T_ULONG)rs_SchedTask[rub_InitializedTasks].pul_TaskStack;
        rps_CurrentTask = &rs_SchedTask[rub_InitializedTasks];
        asm_dispatcher_save_stack_pointer_on_stack;
        rs_SchedTask[rub_InitializedTasks].ub_StackInit = TRUE;                                                                        // (8) INDICATES THAT THE TASK IS ALLREADY INITIALIZED ON STACK
        rs_SchedTask[rub_InitializedTasks].psb_TaskName = lps_TaskStart->psb_TaskName;
        rub_InitializedTasks++;                                                                                                        // (9) THIS IS THE INITIALIZED TASKS COUNTER FOR PUBLIC USE
        ls_pid_t.pfu_Entry = lps_TaskStart->pfu_Entry;                                                                                 // (10) SAVE THE PID VALUES
        ls_pid_t.psb_TaskName = lps_TaskStart->psb_TaskName;
        return(ls_pid_t);                                                                                                          // (11) RETURN PID
    }
}

第一个函数是返回下一个要运行的任务的函数,因此您可以调用调度程序进行上下文切换。 TICK中断服务程序像下一个代码一样调用汇编程序调度程序。

void __interrupt(TICK) TICK_ISR(void)
{
    atomic_cstart();
    mips_r3000_reset_interval_timer();
    rub_CurrentTask = schedule();

    // save current context
    __asm volatile                                 \
    (                                              \
        "and $k1,$k1,$zero                                     \n\t" \
        "or $k1,$k1,rps_CurrentTask                            \n\t" \
        "lw $k1,0x0000($k1)       ;Pointer to Task Structure   \n\t" \
        "lw $k1,0x0004($k1)       ;Pointer to Task Stack Frame \n\t" \
        "sw $sp,0x0000($k1)       ;Save GPR $sp                \n\t" \
        "and $sp,$sp,$zero                                     \n\t" \
        "or $sp,$sp,$k1           ;Pointer to Task Stack Frame \n\t" \
        "mfc0 $k1,$ER                                          \n\t" \
        "sw $k1,0x0004($sp)       ;Save Return Address         \n\t" \
        "sw $s0,0x0008($sp)       ;Save GPR $s0                \n\t" \
        "sw $s1,0x000c($sp)       ;Save GPR $s1                \n\t" \
        "sw $s2,0x0010($sp)       ;Save GPR $s2                \n\t" \
        "sw $s3,0x0014($sp)       ;Save GPR $s3                \n\t" \
        "sw $s4,0x0018($sp)       ;Save GPR $s4                \n\t" \
        "sw $s5,0x001c($sp)       ;Save GPR $s5                \n\t" \
        "sw $s6,0x0020($sp)       ;Save GPR $s6                \n\t" \
        "sw $s7,0x0024($sp)       ;Save GPR $s7                \n\t" \
        "sw $s8,0x0028($sp)       ;Save GPR $fp                \n\t" \
        "lw $k1,0x0000($sp)                                    \n\t" \
        "and $sp,$sp,$zero                                     \n\t" \
        "or $sp,$sp,$k1           ;Restore GPR $sp             \n\t" \
        "and $k1,$k1,$zero                                     \n\t" \
    )

    rps_CurrentTask = &rs_SchedTask[rub_CurrentTask];

    // restore current context

    __asm volatile                                 \
    (                                              \
        "and $sp,$sp,$zero                                     \n\t" \
        "or $sp,$sp,rps_CurrentTask                            \n\t" \
        "lw $sp,0x0000($sp)       ;Pointer to Task Structure   \n\t" \
        "lw $sp,0x0004($sp)       ;Pointer to Task Stack Frame \n\t" \
        "lw $k1,0x0004($sp)                                    \n\t" \
        "mtc0 $k1,$ER             ;Restore Return Address      \n\t" \
        "lw $s0,0x0008($sp)       ;Restore GPR $s0             \n\t" \
        "lw $s1,0x000c($sp)       ;Restore GPR $s1             \n\t" \
        "lw $s2,0x0010($sp)       ;Restore GPR $s2             \n\t" \
        "lw $s3,0x0014($sp)       ;Restore GPR $s3             \n\t" \
        "lw $s4,0x0018($sp)       ;Restore GPR $s4             \n\t" \
        "lw $s5,0x001c($sp)       ;Restore GPR $s5             \n\t" \
        "lw $s6,0x0020($sp)       ;Restore GPR $s6             \n\t" \
        "lw $s7,0x0024($sp)       ;Restore GPR $s7             \n\t" \
        "lw $s8,0x0028($sp)       ;Restore GPR $fp             \n\t" \
        "lw $k1,0x0000($sp)                                    \n\t" \
        "and $sp,$sp,$zero                                     \n\t" \
        "or $sp,$sp,$k1           ;Restore GPR $sp             \n\t" \
        "and $k1,$k1,$zero                                     \n\t" \
    )
    atomic_cend();
}

操作是原子操作,因为您必须禁用中断以保存和恢复调度程序汇编程序例程的当前上下文。