我有一个烧瓶应用程序,我正在尝试组织并遵循适当的烧瓶文件夹结构和模块/导入,已在许多教程中显示。
我真的不知道为什么我正在做某些事情,这从来都不是一件好事。
我的烧瓶应用程序布局如下:
/steam
run.py
/steamapp
__init__.py
config.py
tasks.py
views.py
/static
css.css
/templates
template.html
from steamapp import app
app.run()
from celery import Celery
from config import secrets, constants
from flask.ext.openid import OpenID
from flask import Flask
import praw
def make_celery(app):
celery = Celery(app.import_name, backend='amqp', broker='amqp://guest@localhost//')
celery.conf.update(app.config)
TaskBase = celery.Task
class ContextTask(TaskBase):
abstract = True
def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
with app.app_context():
return TaskBase.__call__(self, *args, **kwargs)
celery.Task = ContextTask
return celery
app = Flask(__name__)
oid = OpenID(app)
app.debug = True
app.secret_key = secrets.APP_SECRET_KEY
celery = make_celery(app)
reddit = praw.Reddit(constants.USERAGENT)
reddit.login(constants.USERNAME, secrets.PASSWORD)
rs = praw.Reddit(constants.USERAGENT)
rs.set_oauth_app_info(secrets.CLIENT_ID, secrets.CLIENT_SECRET, constants.REDIRECT_URL)
from steamapp import views
from steamapp import tasks
from steamapp import app, oid, celery
from tasks import get_auth_url, check_reddit_oauth, request_steam_api
from flask import Flask, session, redirect, request, render_template, url_for
from config import secrets, constants
from flask.ext.openid import OpenID
import os
import praw
import time
import json
import string
import random
import requests
def id_generator(size=6, chars=string.ascii_uppercase + string.digits):
return ''.join(random.choice(chars) for _ in range(size))
def check_session_id(session):
if "id" in session:
return True
else:
return render_template("error.html", error=["?", "No session ID found."])
@app.route("/register")
def register():
if "id" not in session:
session["id"] = id_generator()
authorize_url = get_auth_url(session)
return redirect(authorize_url)
@app.route("/redirect/")
@oid.loginhandler
def redirect_to_steam_oauth():
...
...
...
etc
from steamapp import celery, rs
from config import secrets, constants
import requests
@celery.task
def get_auth_url(session):
return rs.get_authorize_url(session["id"], scope="identity")
当我运行run.py时,我得到以下回溯:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/andy/Desktop/Python Projects/Finished/steam/run.py", line 1, in <module>
from steamapp import app
File "/home/andy/Desktop/Python Projects/Finished/steam/steamapp/__init__.py", line 25, in <module>
from steamapp import views
File "/home/andy/Desktop/Python Projects/Finished/steam/steamapp/views.py", line 20, in <module>
@app.route("/register")
NameError: name 'app' is not defined
我无法理解整体上发生的事情 - 我需要解释为什么我正在做我正在做的事情:
将app.run()
分隔成从steamapp导入应用程序的单独python文件的原因是什么?为什么app.run()不在views.py?
什么是 init .py实际上意味着什么?为什么导入views.py
和tasks.py
?
为什么在从__init__.py
导入“app”时没有定义“app”的追溯?
感谢任何能够提供一些澄清的人,因为我已经不知道发生了什么。
我已经更新了OP中的代码,并且在阅读@ dreamriver的回复之后我已经做了更改。
我仍然有点困惑 - 为什么我在views.py中导入了它已经在 init .py中导入,其中导入了视图并且可能是从中运行的?
此外,芹菜工人如何与此相关?将tasks.py设置为Celery工作程序将返回以下回溯:
celery -A tasks worker --loglevel=info
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/bin/celery", line 11, in <module>
sys.exit(main())
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/celery/__main__.py", line 30, in main
main()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/celery/bin/celery.py", line 81, in main
cmd.execute_from_commandline(argv)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/celery/bin/celery.py", line 769, in execute_from_commandline
super(CeleryCommand, self).execute_from_commandline(argv)))
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/celery/bin/base.py", line 305, in execute_from_commandline
argv = self.setup_app_from_commandline(argv)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/celery/bin/base.py", line 465, in setup_app_from_commandline
self.app = self.find_app(app)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/celery/bin/base.py", line 485, in find_app
return find_app(app, symbol_by_name=self.symbol_by_name)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/celery/app/utils.py", line 229, in find_app
sym = symbol_by_name(app, imp=imp)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/celery/bin/base.py", line 488, in symbol_by_name
return symbol_by_name(name, imp=imp)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/kombu/utils/__init__.py", line 92, in symbol_by_name
module = imp(module_name, package=package, **kwargs)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/celery/utils/imports.py", line 101, in import_from_cwd
return imp(module, package=package)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
__import__(name)
File "/home/andy/Desktop/Python Projects/Finished/steam/steamapp/tasks.py", line 1, in <module>
from steamapp import celery, rs
ImportError: No module named steamapp
答案 0 :(得分:6)
您必须将app明确导入到您的视图文件中。该错误表明在views.py中未定义app,因为您需要这样做:
from steamapp import app
位于视图文件的顶部。
__init__.py
将您的目录转换为python包。在解释器启动时,带有__init__.py
的$ PYTHONPATH上的所有目录都会添加到sys.path
,这使得它们可以导入。导入时定义的模块也会执行__init__.py
。这使它对例如非常有用。导出代码的主要api。如果你查看了烧瓶的源代码,你会看到你所做的所有代码
from flask import Flask, request etc
实际上是在单独的文件中以较小的功能块定义的,然后有趣的部分在__init__.py
中公开。
如上所述here Python不希望包中的模块成为启动文件。 Python包装有点混乱。 This stackoverflow回答帮助我理解了其中的一些问题,即相对导入完全中断,因为它们是以__name__
计算的,当您直接执行文件但文件名设置为'__main__'
时通过导入使用它本身。
除了__name__
和__package__
之类的一些模块级全局变量外,没有任何内容明确地导入到顶级命名空间。这就是为什么app
隐式在views.py文件中无法使用的原因。
这会回答你的问题吗?
您需要将views.py导入__init__.py
,否则您的views.py文件将无法执行,您的路由也不会被定义。您需要将app导入views.py,因为app不在您的views.py文件能够访问的命名空间中。这两个文件相互导入的模式称为循环导入,可能很棘手,但这里很好。您应该知道,在加载模块后,它会被缓存,以便在再次导入时不会重新执行。
你的芹菜问题在我看来,当芹菜启动时,python在sys.path
上看不到你的应用。在此时显示sys.path
的输出会很有帮助。我的猜测是,如果将工作目录添加到$ PYTHONPATH,问题将得到解决。当您使用pip等安装东西时,包将被添加到python默认知道如何找到它们的地方。