我在尝试调用函数Organization :: addWorker时遇到问题，它似乎在内存释放步骤失败，操作符删除[]，但内存已经被释放，指针显示为。< / p>
调用堆栈：
lab1.exe！Person :: setName（char * thename）第80行C ++
lab1.exe！Coworker :: operator =（Coworker＆amp; theco）Line 303 C ++
lab1.exe！Organization :: addWorker（Coworker＆amp; the worker）404行C ++
lab1.exe！main（）第97行C ++
#include <string>
#include "class_Date.h"
using namespace std;
enum workNec { worker, manager, employer };
class Person {
char* name;
char* surname;
Date bd;
public:
Person();
Person(char* thename, char* thesurname, Date thebd);
Person(const Person &theperson);
~Person();
char* getName() { return name; }
char* getSurname() { return surname; }
Date getBD() { return bd; }
void getFullInfo();
Person & setName(char* thename);
Person & setSurname(char* thesurname);
Person & setBD(int dd, int mm, int yy);
Person & setBD(Date thebd);
Person & operator=(Person& thepers);
};
Person::Person() {
name = new char [1];
strcpy(name, "");
surname = new char[1];
strcpy(surname, "");
}
Person::Person(char* thename, char* thesurname, Date thebd) {
name = new char [strlen(thename)+1];
surname = new char [strlen(thesurname)+1];
strcpy(name, thename);
strcpy(surname, thesurname);
bd = thebd;
}
Person::Person(const Person & theperson) {
name = new char[strlen(theperson.name) + 1];
surname = new char[strlen(theperson.surname) + 1];
strcpy(name, theperson.name);
strcpy(surname, theperson.surname);
bd = theperson.bd;
}
Person::~Person() {
cout << "Destructing Person " << name << endl;
delete [] name;
delete [] surname;
}
void Person::getFullInfo() {
cout << name << " " << surname << " "; bd.getFullDate();
}
Person & Person::setName(char* thename) {
delete [] name;
name = new char[strlen(thename) + 1]; strcpy(name, thename);
return *this;
}
Person & Person::setSurname(char* thesurname) {
delete [] surname;
surname = new char[strlen(thesurname) + 1]; strcpy(surname, thesurname);
return *this;
}
Person & Person::setBD(int dd, int mm, int yy) {
bd.setDD(dd); bd.setMM(mm); bd.setYY(yy);
return *this;
}
Person & Person::setBD(Date thebd) {
bd = thebd;
return *this;
}
Person & Person::operator=(Person& thepers) {
delete [] this->name;
delete [] this->surname;
this->name = new char[strlen(thepers.name) + 1];
this->surname = new char[strlen(thepers.surname) + 1];
strcpy(this->name, thepers.name);
strcpy(this->surname, thepers.surname);
bd = thepers.bd;
return *this;
}
//*************************************************************************************************
class Position {
char* department;
workNec wn;
int salary;
public:
Position();
Position(char *thedept, workNec thewn, int thesalary);
Position(const Position & thepos);
~Position();
char* getDept() { return department; }
workNec getWorkNec() { return wn; }
int getSalary() { return salary; }
void getFullInfo();
Position & setDept(char* dept);
Position & setWorkNec(workNec nec);
Position & setSalary(int sal);
};
Position::Position() {
department = new char[1];
strcpy(department, "");
}
Position::Position(char *thedept, workNec thewn, int thesalary) {
department = new char[strlen(thedept) + 1];
strcpy(department, thedept);
wn = thewn;
salary = thesalary;
}
Position::Position(const Position & thepos) {
department = new char[strlen(thepos.department)+1];
strcpy(department, thepos.department);
wn = thepos.wn;
salary = thepos.salary;
}
Position::~Position() {
cout << endl << "Deleting Position " << department << endl;
delete [] department;
}
void Position::getFullInfo() {
cout << department << " " << wn << " " << salary << " ";
}
Position & Position::setDept(char* dept) {
delete [] department;
department = new char[strlen(dept)+1];
strcpy(department, dept);
return *this;
}
Position & Position::setWorkNec(workNec nec) {
wn = nec;
return *this;
}
Position & Position::setSalary(int sal) {
salary = sal;
return *this;
}
//*************************************************************************************************
class Coworker {
Person person;
Position position;
public:
Coworker();
Coworker(Person &theperson, Position &thepos);
Coworker( Coworker & theco);
~Coworker();
Person getPerson() { return person; }
Position getPosition() { return position; }
void getFullInfo();
Coworker & setPerson(Person &per);
Coworker & setPosition(Position &pos);
Coworker & operator=(Coworker& theco);
};
Coworker::Coworker() {
}
Coworker::Coworker(Person &theperson, Position &thepos) {
person.setBD(theperson.getBD());
person.setName(theperson.getName());
person.setSurname(theperson.getSurname());
position.setDept(thepos.getDept());
position.setSalary(thepos.getSalary());
position.setWorkNec(thepos.getWorkNec());
}
Coworker::Coworker(Coworker & theco) {
Person pers;
pers = theco.person;
Position pos = theco.position;
person.setBD(pers.getBD());
person.setName(pers.getName());
person.setSurname(pers.getSurname());
position.setDept(pos.getDept());
position.setSalary(pos.getSalary());
position.setWorkNec(pos.getWorkNec());
}
Coworker::~Coworker() {
cout << endl << "Deleting Coworker " << endl;
}
void Coworker::getFullInfo() {
person.getFullInfo(); cout << " "; position.getFullInfo();
}
Coworker & Coworker::setPerson(Person &per) {
Person tper = per;
person.setBD(tper.getBD());
person.setName(tper.getName());
person.setSurname(tper.getSurname());
return *this;
}
Coworker & Coworker::setPosition(Position &pos) {
Position tpos = pos;
position.setDept(tpos.getDept());
position.setSalary(tpos.getSalary());
position.setWorkNec(tpos.getWorkNec());
return *this;
}
Coworker & Coworker::operator=(Coworker& theco) {
Person pers;
pers = theco.person;
Position pos;
pos = theco.position;
person.setBD(pers.getBD());
person.setName(pers.getName());
person.setSurname(pers.getSurname());
position.setDept(pos.getDept());
position.setSalary(pos.getSalary());
position.setWorkNec(pos.getWorkNec());
return *this;
}
class Organization {
char* title;
Coworker * coworker;
int cwAmount;
public:
Organization();
Organization(char* thetitle, Coworker * theco, int thecw);
Organization(const Organization & org);
~Organization();
void addWorker(Coworker &theworker);
char* getTitle() { return title; }
int getAmount() { return cwAmount; }
Coworker * getCoworker() { return coworker; }
Organization & setTitle(char* tit);
Organization & setAmount(int am);
Organization & setCoworker(Coworker *theco);
void getFullInfo();
void getShortInfo();
};
//*************************************************************************************************
Organization::Organization() {
title = new char[1];
strcpy(title, "");
cwAmount = 0;
coworker = new Coworker[0];
}
Organization::Organization(char* thetitle, Coworker * theco, int thecw) {
title = new char[strlen(thetitle) + 1];
strcpy(title, thetitle);
cwAmount = thecw;
coworker = new Coworker[cwAmount];
for (int i = 0; i < cwAmount; i++) {
coworker[i].setPerson(theco[i].getPerson());
coworker[i].setPosition(theco[i].getPosition());
}
}
Organization::Organization(const Organization & org) {
title = new char[strlen(org.title) + 1];
strcpy(title, org.title);
cwAmount = org.cwAmount;
coworker = new Coworker[cwAmount];
for (int i = 0; i < cwAmount; i++) {
coworker[i].setPerson(org.coworker[i].getPerson());
coworker[i].setPosition(org.coworker[i].getPosition());
}
}
Organization::~Organization() {
cout << endl << "Deleting Organization " <<title<< endl;
delete [] coworker;
};
void Organization::addWorker(Coworker &theworker) {
cout << "a";
Coworker * new_coworker = new Coworker[cwAmount + 1];
for (int i = 0; i < cwAmount; i++) new_coworker[i] = coworker[i];
cwAmount++;
new_coworker[cwAmount] = theworker;
delete [] coworker;
coworker = new_coworker;
}
void Organization::getFullInfo() {
std::cout << title << " " << cwAmount << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < cwAmount; i++) {
coworker[i].getPerson().getFullInfo();
cout << " ";
coworker[i].getPosition().getFullInfo();
cout << endl;
}
}
void Organization::getShortInfo() {
int total = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < cwAmount; i++) {
total += coworker[i].getPosition().getSalary();
}
std::cout << this->title << " " << total << std::endl;
}
Organization & Organization::setTitle(char* tit) {
title = new char[strlen(tit)+1];
strcpy(title, tit);
return *this;
}
Organization & Organization::setAmount(int am) {
cwAmount = am;
return *this;
}
Organization & Organization::setCoworker(Coworker *theco) {
delete [] coworker;
coworker = new Coworker [cwAmount];
for (int i = 0; i < cwAmount; i++) {
coworker[i].setPerson(theco[i].getPerson());
coworker[i].setPosition(theco[i].getPosition());
}
return *this;
}
main.cpp中：
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include "classes_v23.h"
using namespace std;
int main() {
{
Date d1;
Date d2(19, 04, 1995);
Date d3 = d2;
d1.getFullDate(); cout << endl;
d2.getFullDate(); cout << endl;
d3.getFullDate(); cout << endl;
//******************************
Person pers1;
pers1.setBD(d2);
pers1.setName("Ihor");
pers1.setSurname("Pukish");
Person pers2("name2", "surname2", d2);
Person pers3 = pers2;
pers1.getFullInfo(); cout << endl;
pers2.getFullInfo(); cout << endl;
pers3.getFullInfo(); cout << endl;
//******************************
Position pos1;
pos1.setDept("IASA");
pos1.setSalary(100);
pos1.setWorkNec(employer);
Position pos2("dept2", worker, 200);
Position pos3 = pos2;
pos1.getFullInfo(); cout << endl;
pos2.getFullInfo(); cout << endl;
pos3.getFullInfo(); cout << endl;
//******************************
Coworker co1;
co1.setPerson(pers1);
co1.setPosition(pos1);
Coworker co2(pers2, pos2);
Coworker co3 = co2;
Coworker co4(pers1, pos1);
co1.getFullInfo(); cout << endl;
co2.getFullInfo(); cout << endl;
co3.getFullInfo(); cout << endl;
//******************************
Coworker * cow = new Coworker[3];
cow[0] = co1;
cow[1] = co2;
cow[2] = co3;
Organization org1("title", cow, 3);
org1.addWorker(co4);
}
system("pause");
}
答案 0 :(得分：1)
我认为问题是：
void Organization::addWorker(Coworker &theworker) {
cout << "a";
Coworker * new_coworker = new Coworker[cwAmount + 1];
for (int i = 0; i < cwAmount; i++) new_coworker[i] = coworker[i];
cwAmount++;
new_coworker[cwAmount] = theworker;
delete [] coworker;
coworker = new_coworker;
}
请注意，在分配cwAmount之前，您需要增加theworker。但是我认为你应该先分配，然后再增加。空元素位于预增量索引处。
使用矢量也可以更轻松地完成。
答案 1 :(得分：0)
首先，您加入<string>，但未能使用<string>提供的内容，即std::string。既然你说你必须使用C风格的字符串，那么正确的标题是<cstring>，而不是<string>。
其次，如果传递NULL，甚至是伪造的指针，该函数将不起作用：
Person::Person(char* thename, char* thesurname, Date thebd) {
name = new char [strlen(thename)+1]; // undefined behavior if NULL is passed
surname = new char [strlen(thesurname)+1]; // undefined behavior if NULL is passed
//...
}
该函数应检查NULL指针争论。但即便如此，存在传递指针的风险，该指针不指向有效的缓冲区。
现在，正如其他人所说，你需要正确编写赋值运算符，并为每个具有动态分配内存指针的类编写。
让我们从Person赋值运算符开始：
Person & Person::operator=(Person& thepers) {
delete [] this->name;
delete [] this->surname;
this->name = new char[strlen(thepers.name) + 1];
this->surname = new char[strlen(thepers.surname) + 1];
strcpy(this->name, thepers.name);
strcpy(this->surname, thepers.surname);
bd = thepers.bd;
return *this;
}
这不仅是多余的（大部分代码都在复制构造函数中），它失败的原因如下：
delete[]姓名。如果以下new[]引发异常会发生什么？您可以通过删除数据来搞砸您的对象，然后才能确定新的数据不会失败。修复的方法很简单，我建议你为所有其他课程这样做。
#include <algorithm>
//...
Person & Person::operator=(const Person& thepers)
{
Person other(thepers);
swap(*this, other);
return *this;
}
void Person::swap(Person& left, Person& right)
{
std::swap(left.name, right.name);
std::swap(left.surname, right.surname);
std::swap(left.bd, right.bd);
}
那就是它，没有别的。这称为copy/swap成语。只要您编写了一个正确的复制构造函数，上面的代码不仅可以正确复制，还可以解决自我分配问题，并过早地破坏成员。
它的工作方式是创建一个临时的＆＃34;窃取＆＃34;通过将你的临时工具换成你自己的临时工具，并将你的旧东西与临时骰子放在一起。外行人的说法就是正在发生的事情。
请为其他课程执行此操作。例如，Coworker：
Coworker & Coworker::operator=(const Coworker& theco)
{
Coworker temp(theco);
swap(*this, temp);
return *this;
}
void Coworker::swap(Coworker& left, Coworker& right)
{
std::swap(left.person, right.person);
std::swap(left.position, right.position);
}
此外，您的Organization类缺少赋值运算符。只需使用上述技术添加一个。
此外，您的setName函数在重新分配之前也会删除内存：
Person & Person::setName(char* thename) {
delete [] name;
name = new char[strlen(thename) + 1]; strcpy(name, thename);
return *this;
}
这也可以通过先分配一个临时值，然后再分配给它来缓解 在函数结束时临时：
Person & Person::setName(char* thename)
{
char *tempname = new char[strlen(thename) + 1];
strcpy(tempname, thename);
delete [] name;
name = tempname;
return *this;
}