Question

我正在尝试编写一个带有一些嵌入式Expect脚本的小型bash脚本。我需要更改3500个交换机的主机名。我有一个带有我的IP地址和新主机名的csv文件，以及我的期望脚本。如果连接到交换机没有问题，脚本似乎运行得很好。如果我从交换机获得“超时”或“拒绝访问”，脚本将停止退出。我需要脚本转到下一个ip地址。

我确实使用了腐臭clogin进行自动登录。

我是新手，期待和bash，并搜索我最好的朋友“谷歌”寻找可能的答案，但找不到答案。

脚本如下：

hostnames.exp

#!/usr/bin/expect -f
# Set variables
set DATE [exec date +%F]
set timeout 10
# Log results
log_file -a hostnames-$DATE.log

# Let's go to configure mode

## Read the file
set fid [open ./hostnames.csv]
set content [read $fid]
close $fid

## Split into records on newlines
set records [split $content "\n"]

## Iterate over the records
foreach rec $records {

## Split into fields on comma
set fields [split $rec ","]

## Assign fields to variables and print some out...
lassign $fields\  hostname newname

puts "$hostname"
puts "$newname"

if {$hostname == ""} continue


# Announce which device we are working on and at what time
send_user "\n"
send_user ">>>>> Working on $hostname @ [exec date] <<<<<\r"
send_user "\n"

spawn clogin "$hostname\r"

expect {
    timeout  { send_user "\n Failed to get login prompt\n"; exit 1 }
    eof { send_user "\nSSH failure for hostname\n"; exit 1 }
    "*-> $"
    }

sleep 2


send "conf t\n"
expect "#"
send "hostname $newname\n"
expect "#"
send "exit\n"
expect "(config)#"
send "write mem\n"
expect "*#"
send "exit\n"
expect ":~\$" exit

# Announce which device we are working on and at what time
 send_user "\n"
 send_user ">>>>> Done working on $hostname @ [exec date] <<<<<\r"
 send_user "\n"

}

这是我的csv文件

hostnames.csv

10.10.1.1,newhostname1
172.16.1.2,newhostname2
192.168.45.150,newhostname3

我将不胜感激。

谢谢

你好Dinesh

感谢您的回复。

我使用了您提供的第一个代码而没有“句柄”部分。如果登录失败，它现在将转到下一个IP地址，但是，它不会在良好的登录上运行我的命令。登录172.16.1.2是唯一的工作连接。其他人将测试故障转移。

$**expect hostnames.exp** 
10.10.1.1
newhostname1

>>>>> Working on 10.10.1.1 @ Wed Oct  1 11:59:09 SAST 2014 <<<<<
spawn clogin 10.10.1.1
10.10.1.1

in /home/*****/.cloginrc.0.1.1

SSH failure for hostname for 10.10.1.1
172.16.1.2
newhostname2

>>>>> Working on 172.16.1.2 @ Wed Oct  1 11:59:09 SAST 2014 <<<<<
spawn clogin 172.16.1.2
172.16.1.2
spawn telnet 172.16.1.2
Trying 172.16.1.2...
.onnected to 172.16.1.2
Escape character is '^]'.

User Access Verification

Username: *****
Password: 
SR_Test_SW#
SR_Test_SW#
Failed to get login prompt for 172.16.1.2
192.168.45.150
newhostname3

>>>>> Working on 192.168.45.150 @ Wed Oct  1 11:59:11 SAST 2014 <<<<<
spawn clogin 192.168.45.150
192.168.45.150
spawn telnet 192.168.45.150
Trying 192.168.45.150...

Failed to get login prompt for 192.168.45.150
$

我确实使用“句柄”部分尝试了第二个代码，这也给了我错误。

如果您需要，我会为您提供输出。

感谢您的时间。

Answer 1

只需使用continue和timeout预期下的eof，而不是exit 1

expect {
    timeout  { 
              send_user "\n Failed to get login prompt for the switch $hostname\n"  
              continue 
             }
    eof { 
          send_user "\nSSH failure for hostname for the switch $hostname\n"
          continue 
        }
    "*-> $"
}

如下图所示。

#!/usr/bin/expect
set timeout 3
send_user "we are waiting for the word 'hi' \n"

#Looping for 10 times
foreach x { 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10} {
        puts "Is anybody there???"
        expect  {
                timeout {
                        puts "Nobody responding to me at trial $x"
                        puts "I'm waiting"
                        #Proceeding with the next element of the loop, using 'continue'
                        continue
                }
                #Dont bother about this 'nocase' keyword. ;)
                -nocase "hi" { puts "Hey friend!" }
        }
}

因为你正在产生＆＃39; clogin＆＃39;甚至在expect之前，我们在这方面是安全的，它不会造成任何问题。如果它无法触及，我们将继续产生新的＆＃39; clogin＆＃39;。

但是，优雅的做法是优雅地关闭衍生过程。这可以安排为

# After this command execution, the variable 'handle' will hold 
# the spawn handle reference for the 'clogin' process
set handle [ spawn clogin "$hostname\r" ] 

# Your expect statements here - Just modifying it for our needs

expect {
        timeout  { 
                  send_user "\n Failed to get login prompt for the switch $hostname\n"  
                  # Closing the process gracefully 
                  close $handle
                  continue 
                 }
        eof { 
              send_user "\nSSH failure for hostname for the switch $hostname\n"
              close $handle
              continue 
            }
        "*-> $"
}

Answer 2

我正在寻找类似这个脚本的搜索，除了它会在三分之一的时间内执行。那么，您将如何获取列表，将其拆分为三个文件/部分，然后在三个不同的会话期间执行更改。因此很快完成。

如果一次登录失败，则预计多个设备的脚本将停止

2 个答案: