python shutil.rmtree抛出错误

Question

有人可以向我解释为什么shutil.rmtree会抛出错误，说目录不是空的吗？

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python27\lib\threading.py", line 810, in __bootstrap_inner
    self.run()
  File "C:\Python27\lib\threading.py", line 763, in run
    self.__target(*self.__args, **self.__kwargs)
  File "W:\__init__.py", line 90, in makePatch
    myprog.copy_data()
  File "W:\myprog.py", line 143, in copy_data
    self.cleanupTempDir()
  File "W:\myprog.py", line 138, in cleanupTempDir
    shutil.rmtree(self.TEMP_DIR)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\shutil.py", line 247, in rmtree
    rmtree(fullname, ignore_errors, onerror)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\shutil.py", line 256, in rmtree
    onerror(os.rmdir, path, sys.exc_info())
  File "C:\Python27\lib\shutil.py", line 254, in rmtree
    os.rmdir(path)
WindowsError: [Error 145] The directory is not empty: u'e:\\PatchData\\Data'

Answer 1

看起来这些文件被标记为只读。在复制文件后添加一行以删除只读标志后，我不再收到此错误。奇怪的是，它甚至不会尝试删除文件，或者至少不会在文件上引发任何例外目录。

Answer 2

Linux：我在处理临时文件夹时也遇到了这个错误：我在 os.makedirs 构造函数中有一个 __init__ 调用和一个 shutil.rmtree 调用在 __del__ 解构器中，代码使用了 multiprocessing 库；该文件夹是按顺序构造的，但每当进程终止时就会被销毁。因此，错误并不总是可重现，但据说只有当两个进程试图同时销毁文件夹时才会发生，并且没有适当的锁定机制，才会抛出这些错误。之所以发生这种情况，是因为出于某种未知原因，__del__ 析构函数被调用了不止一次。

错误如下：

Exception ignored in: <function VideoMaker.__del__ at 0x7f6066a888b0>
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "VideoMaker.py", line 49, in __del__
    onerror(os.unlink, fullname, sys.exc_info())
  File "/home/Marco/miniconda3/lib/python3.8/shutil.py", line 670, in _rmtree_safe_fd
    onerror(os.rmdir, path, sys.exc_info())
  File "/home/Marco/miniconda3/lib/python3.8/shutil.py", line 717, in rmtree
    _rmtree_safe_fd(fd, path, onerror)
    shutil.rmtree(self.temp_videoclip_dir)    
  File "/home/Marco/miniconda3/lib/python3.8/shutil.py", line 672, in _rmtree_safe_fd
  File "/home/Marco/miniconda3/lib/python3.8/shutil.py", line 715, in rmtree
    onerror(os.unlink, fullname, sys.exc_info())
  File "/home/Marco/miniconda3/lib/python3.8/shutil.py", line 670, in _rmtree_safe_fd
    os.unlink(entry.name, dir_fd=topfd)
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '12.mp4'

或

OSError: [Errno 39] Directory not empty: 'tmp/tmp.videoclips/'

---

不要在 rmtree 析构函数中使用 __del__：

对象解构器可能并不总是具有可预测的行为，因此避免在内部使用操作系统的 IO 操作。而是创建一个单独的函数并在对象范围的末尾调用它。

如果使用多处理或线程：LOCK

文档：

• multiprocessing.Lock
• threading.Lock

文档示例：Synchronization between processes

l.acquire()
try:
    if os.path.isdir(path_to_delete):
        shutil.rmtree(path_to_delete)
finally:
    l.release()

---

如果实在没有办法：

def try_to_rmtree(can_still_retry):
    if can_still_retry:
        try:
            if os.path.isdir(path_to_delete):
                shutil.rmtree(path_to_delete)
        except:
            try_to_rmtree(can_still_retry -1)

can_still_retry = 5
try_to_rmtree(can_still_retry)