RSA:在iOS中加密,用Java解密

时间:2014-09-29 20:51:57

标签: java ios7 rsa

我有一个从Java服务器发送的公钥。在解码和去除ASN.1标头之前,base64编码的字符串匹配。我使用SecItemAdd将公钥存储在钥匙串中。

因此,我尝试使用公钥加密数据,并使用Java中的私钥对其进行解密。我在iOS端使用SecKeyEncrypt,在Java端使用Cipher

我加密的是加密我的实际数据的对称AES密钥,因此密钥长度为16个字节。当简单地对base64进行编码时,一切正常,所以我知道这个RSA加密有问题。

以下是我的iOS通话示例:

OSStatus sanityCheck = SecKeyEncrypt(publicKey,
        kSecPaddingPKCS1,
        (const uint8_t *) [incomingData bytes],
        keyBufferSize,
        cipherBuffer,
        &cipherBufferSize
);

以下是我的Java调用示例:

public static byte[] decryptMessage (byte[] message, PrivateKey privateKey, String algorithm) {
    if (message == null || privateKey == null) {
        return null;
    }
    Cipher cipher = createCipher(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey, algorithm, false);
    if (cipher == null) {
        return null;
    }

    try {
        return cipher.doFinal(message);
    }
    catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();  //To change body of catch statement use File | Settings | File Templates.
        return null;
    }
    catch (BadPaddingException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();  //To change body of catch statement use File | Settings | File Templates.
        return null;
    }
}

private static Cipher createCipher (int mode, Key encryptionKey, String algorithm, boolean useBouncyCastle) {
    Cipher cipher;

    try {
        if (useBouncyCastle) {
            Security.addProvider(new org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider());
            cipher = Cipher.getInstance(algorithm, "BC");
        }
        else {
            cipher = Cipher.getInstance(algorithm);
        }
    }
    catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();  //To change body of catch statement use File | Settings | File Templates.
        return null;
    }
    catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();  //To change body of catch statement use File | Settings | File Templates.
        return null;
    }
    catch (NoSuchProviderException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        return null;
    }

    try {
        cipher.init(mode, encryptionKey);
    }
    catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();  //To change body of catch statement use File | Settings | File Templates.
        return null;
    }

    return cipher;
}

我尝试了很多组合,但没有任何效果。

  • iOS:PKCS1,Java:RSA / ECB / PKCS1Padding
  • iOS:PKCS1,Java:RSA
  • iOS:PKCS1,Java:RSA / None / PKCS1Padding(抛出org.bouncycastle.crypto.DataLengthException: input too large for RSA cipher.
  • iOS:OAEP,Java:RSA / ECB / OAEPWithSHA-1AndMGF1Padding
  • iOS:OAEP,Java:RSA / ECB / OAEPWithSHA-256AndMGF1Padding

我也尝试过使用内部Java提供程序以及BouncyCastle提供程序。每次都会抛出javax.crypto.BadPaddingException,但每个组合的消息都不同。有些显示Data must start with zero,有些显示为Message is larger than modulus

iOS: PKCS1, Java: RSA不会抛出异常,但生成的解密byte[]数组的长度应为16,但长度为256,这意味着填充不是{&1;}正确地剥离了。

有人可以帮忙吗?

*** 编辑 ***

当我进行更多测试时,我遇到了此页面(http://javadoc.iaik.tugraz.at/iaik_jce/current/iaik/pkcs/pkcs1/RSACipher.html),它基本上告诉我RSA == RSA/None/PKCS1Padding。解密工作的意义是没有例外,但我仍然得到一个解密密钥,其byte []长度为256而不是长度为16。

另一个兴趣点。似乎如果Java服务器具有从iOS设备生成并使用Cipher.getInstance("RSA")加密的公钥,则手机能够使用RSA / PKCS1正确解码消息。

*** 编辑2 ***

我已经查看了这些教程并在iOS端再次查看了我的代码:

据我所知,我的代码正在做正确的事情。一个显着的区别在于我如何保存密钥,所以我尝试以另一种方式保存它:

    OSStatus error = noErr;
    CFTypeRef persistPeer = NULL;

    NSMutableDictionary * keyAttr = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];

    keyAttr[(__bridge id) kSecClass] = (__bridge id) kSecClassKey;
    keyAttr[(__bridge id) kSecAttrKeyType] = (__bridge id) kSecAttrKeyTypeRSA;
    keyAttr[(__bridge id) kSecAttrApplicationTag] = [secKeyWrapper getKeyTag:serverPublicKeyTag];
    keyAttr[(__bridge id) kSecValueData] = strippedServerPublicKey;
    keyAttr[(__bridge id) kSecReturnPersistentRef] = @YES;

    error = SecItemAdd((__bridge CFDictionaryRef) keyAttr, (CFTypeRef *)&persistPeer);

    if (persistPeer == nil || ( error != noErr && error != errSecDuplicateItem)) {
        NSLog(@"Problem adding public key to keychain");
        return;
    }

    CFRelease(persistPeer);

保存成功,但最终结果是相同的:解密的AES密钥仍然是256字节而不是16字节。

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:12)

我有同样的问题。与kSecPaddingNone一起使用,但kSecPaddingPKCS1一起使用Java代码中的任何PKCS1组合。

但是,在没有填充的情况下使用它并不是一个好主意。

因此,在iOS上,将kSecPaddingNone替换为kSecPaddingOAEP,并在Java代码中使用RSA/NONE/OAEPWithSHA1AndMGF1Padding。这对我有用。

答案 1 :(得分:6)

RSA/None/NoPadding

的解决方案

好的,所以我让它工作但没有PADDING 。这部分让我非常沮丧,我将其留给其他人试图帮助。也许我最终会在github上发布我的库,一个用于Obj-C,一个用于Java。这是我到目前为止所发现的。

TL; DR :使用最少的属性将密钥保存到钥匙串,以使检索更简单。使用SecKeyEncrypt进行加密,但使用kSecPaddingNone。使用BouncyCastle和算法RSA/None/NoPadding解密Java端。

从Java发送RSA公钥到iOS

使用X.509证书

我想验证是否直接发送公钥,剥离ASN.1标头并保存实际上是在做它应该做的事情。所以我看着将公钥作为证书发送。我想赞扬 David Benko 提供了一个帮助我进行证书转换的加密库(https://github.com/DavidBenko/DBTransitEncryption)。我没有真正使用他的库,因为1.我已经使用RNCryptor / JNCryptor进行AES加密,2。他没有Java端组件,所以我需要在那里编写自己的AES解密,但我并不想这样做。对于那些有兴趣并希望采用这种方法的人,我的代码是在Java端创建证书,然后将该证书转换为iOS上的公钥:

*重要说明:请使用真实的日志记录语句替换e.printStackTrace()。我只在生产中使用它进行测试和 NOT

<强>爪哇

public static X509Certificate generateCertificate (KeyPair newKeys) {
    Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider());
    Date startDate = new Date();
    Date expiryDate = new DateTime().plusYears(100).toDate();

    BigInteger serialNumber = new BigInteger(10, new Random());
    try {
        ContentSigner sigGen = new JcaContentSignerBuilder("SHA1withRSA").setProvider("BC").build(newKeys
                                                                                                          .getPrivate());
        SubjectPublicKeyInfo subjectPublicKeyInfo = new SubjectPublicKeyInfo(ASN1Sequence.getInstance(newKeys
                                                                                                              .getPublic().getEncoded()
                                                                                                              ));
        X500Name dnName = new X500Name("CN=FoodJudge API Certificate");
        X509v1CertificateBuilder builder = new X509v1CertificateBuilder(dnName,
                                                                        serialNumber,
                                                                        startDate, expiryDate,
                                                                        dnName,
                                                                        subjectPublicKeyInfo);
        X509CertificateHolder holder = builder.build(sigGen);
        return new JcaX509CertificateConverter().setProvider("BC").getCertificate(holder);
    }
    catch (OperatorCreationException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    catch (CertificateException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return null;
}

<强>的OBJ-C

- (SecKeyRef)extractPublicKeyFromCertificate:(NSData *)certificateBytes {
    if (certificateBytes == nil) {
        return nil;
    }

    SecCertificateRef certificate = SecCertificateCreateWithData(kCFAllocatorDefault, ( __bridge CFDataRef) certificateBytes);
    if (certificate == nil) {
        NSLog(@"Can not read certificate from data");
        return false;
    }

    SecTrustRef trust;
    SecPolicyRef policy = SecPolicyCreateBasicX509();
    OSStatus returnCode = SecTrustCreateWithCertificates(certificate, policy, &trust);

    // release the certificate as we're done using it
    CFRelease(certificate);
    // release the policy
    CFRelease(policy);

    if (returnCode != errSecSuccess) {
        NSLog(@"SecTrustCreateWithCertificates fail. Error Code: %d", (int)returnCode);
        return nil;
    }

    SecTrustResultType trustResultType;
    returnCode = SecTrustEvaluate(trust, &trustResultType);
    if (returnCode != errSecSuccess) {
        // TODO log
        CFRelease(trust);
        return nil;
    }

    SecKeyRef publicKey = SecTrustCopyPublicKey(trust);
    CFRelease(trust);

    if (publicKey == nil) {
        NSLog(@"SecTrustCopyPublicKey fail");
        return nil;
    }

    return publicKey;
}

使用RSA公钥

请注意,您不需要将公钥作为证书发送,这一点非常重要。实际上,在发现公钥被错误保存后(见下文),我还原了这段代码并将公钥保存到我的设备中。您需要删除其中一篇博文中提到的ASN.1标题。该代码在此处重新发布(为清晰起见而格式化)。

+ (NSData *)stripPublicKeyHeader:(NSData *)keyBits {
    // Skip ASN.1 public key header
    if (keyBits == nil) {
        return nil;
    }

    unsigned int len = [keyBits length];
    if (!len) {
        return nil;
    }

    unsigned char *c_key = (unsigned char *)[keyBits bytes];
    unsigned int  idx    = 0;

    if (c_key[idx++] != 0x30) {
        return nil;
    }

    if (c_key[idx] > 0x80) {
        idx += c_key[idx] - 0x80 + 1;
    }
    else {
        idx++;
    }

    if (idx >= len) {
        return nil;
    }

    if (c_key[idx] != 0x30) {
        return nil;
    }

    idx += 15;

    if (idx >= len - 2) {
        return nil;
    }

    if (c_key[idx++] != 0x03) {
        return nil;
    }

    if (c_key[idx] > 0x80) {
        idx += c_key[idx] - 0x80 + 1;
    }
    else {
        idx++;
    }

    if (idx >= len) {
        return nil;
    }

    if (c_key[idx++] != 0x00) {
        return nil;
    }

    if (idx >= len) {
        return nil;
    }

    // Now make a new NSData from this buffer
    return([NSData dataWithBytes:&c_key[idx] length:len - idx]);
}

所以我会像这样保存密钥:

- (void)storeServerPublicKey:(NSString *)serverPublicKey {
    if (!serverPublicKey) {
        return;
    }
    SecKeyWrapper *secKeyWrapper = [SecKeyWrapper sharedWrapper];
    NSData *decryptedServerPublicKey = [[NSData alloc] initWithBase64EncodedString:serverPublicKey options:0];

    NSData *strippedServerPublicKey = [SecKeyWrapper stripPublicKeyHeader:decryptedServerPublicKey];
    if (!strippedServerPublicKey) {
        return;
    }
    [secKeyWrapper savePublicKeyToKeychain:strippedServerPublicKey tag:@"com.sampleapp.publickey"];
}

将RSA公钥保存到Keychain

令人抓狂。事实证明,即使我将钥匙保存在钥匙链中,我检索的也不是我放入的钥匙!当我将保存的base64密钥与我用来加密AES密钥的base64密钥进行比较时,我意外地发现了这一点。所以我发现简化保存密钥时使用的NSDictionary会更好。这就是我最终得到的结果:

- (void)savePublicKeyToKeychain:(NSData *)key tag:(NSString *)tagString {
    NSData *tag = [self getKeyTag:tagString];

    NSDictionary *saveDict = @{
            (__bridge id) kSecClass : (__bridge id) kSecClassKey,
            (__bridge id) kSecAttrKeyType : (__bridge id) kSecAttrKeyTypeRSA,
            (__bridge id) kSecAttrApplicationTag : tag,
            (__bridge id) kSecAttrKeyClass : (__bridge id) kSecAttrKeyClassPublic,
            (__bridge id) kSecValueData : key
    };
    [self saveKeyToKeychain:saveDict tag:tagString];
}

- (void)saveKeyToKeychain:(NSDictionary *)saveDict tag:(NSString *)tagString {
    OSStatus sanityCheck = SecItemAdd((__bridge CFDictionaryRef) saveDict, NULL);
    if (sanityCheck != errSecSuccess) {
        if (sanityCheck == errSecDuplicateItem) {
            // delete the duplicate and save again
            sanityCheck = SecItemDelete((__bridge CFDictionaryRef) saveDict);
            sanityCheck = SecItemAdd((__bridge CFDictionaryRef) saveDict, NULL);
        }
        if (sanityCheck != errSecSuccess) {
            NSLog(@"Problem saving the key to keychain, OSStatus == %d.", (int) sanityCheck);
        }
    }
    // remove from cache
    [keyCache removeObjectForKey:tagString];
}

要检索我的密钥,我使用以下方法:

 - (SecKeyRef)getKeyRef:(NSString *)tagString isPrivate:(BOOL)isPrivate {
     NSData *tag = [self getKeyTag:tagString];

     id keyClass = (__bridge id) kSecAttrKeyClassPublic;
     if (isPrivate) {
         keyClass = (__bridge id) kSecAttrKeyClassPrivate;
     }

     NSDictionary *queryDict = @{
             (__bridge id) kSecClass : (__bridge id) kSecClassKey,
             (__bridge id) kSecAttrKeyType : (__bridge id) kSecAttrKeyTypeRSA,
             (__bridge id) kSecAttrApplicationTag : tag,
             (__bridge id) kSecAttrKeyClass : keyClass,
             (__bridge id) kSecReturnRef : (__bridge id) kCFBooleanTrue
     };
     return [self getKeyRef:queryDict tag:tagString];
 }

- (SecKeyRef)getKeyRef:(NSDictionary *)query tag:(NSString *)tagString {
    SecKeyRef keyReference = NULL;
    OSStatus sanityCheck = SecItemCopyMatching((__bridge CFDictionaryRef) query, (CFTypeRef *) &keyReference);
    if (sanityCheck != errSecSuccess) {
        NSLog(@"Error trying to retrieve key from keychain. tag: %@. sanityCheck: %li", tagString, sanityCheck);
        return nil;
    }
    return keyReference;
}

在一天结束时,我只能在没有填充的情况下使其工作。我不确定为什么BouncyCastle无法移除填充,所以如果有人有任何见解,请告诉我。

这是我的加密代码(从 David Benko 修改):

- (NSData *)encryptData:(NSData *)content usingPublicKey:(NSString *)publicKeyTag {
    SecKeyRef publicKey = [self getKeyRef:publicKeyTag isPrivate:NO];
    NSData *keyBits = [self getKeyBitsFromKey:publicKey];
    NSString *keyString = [keyBits base64EncodedStringWithOptions:0];
    NSAssert(publicKey != nil,@"Public key can not be nil");

    size_t cipherLen = SecKeyGetBlockSize(publicKey); // convert to byte
    void *cipher = malloc(cipherLen);
    size_t maxPlainLen = cipherLen - 12;

    size_t plainLen = [content length];
    if (plainLen > maxPlainLen) {
        NSLog(@"content(%ld) is too long, must < %ld", plainLen, maxPlainLen);
        return nil;
    }

    void *plain = malloc(plainLen);
    [content getBytes:plain
               length:plainLen];

    OSStatus returnCode = SecKeyEncrypt(publicKey, kSecPaddingNone, plain,
            plainLen, cipher, &cipherLen);

    NSData *result = nil;
    if (returnCode != errSecSuccess) {
        NSLog(@"SecKeyEncrypt fail. Error Code: %d", (int)returnCode);
    }
    else {
        result = [NSData dataWithBytes:cipher
                                length:cipherLen];
    }

    free(plain);
    free(cipher);

    return result;
}

以下是我在Java方面解密的方法:

private Response authenticate (String encryptedSymmetricString) {
    byte[] encryptedSymmetricKey = Base64.decodeBase64(encryptedSymmetricKeyString);
    String privateKey = Server.getServerPrivateKey();
    byte[] decryptedSymmetricKey = KeyHandler.decryptMessage(encryptedSymmetricKey, privateKey,
                                                             KeyHandler.ASYMMETRIC_CIPHER_ALGORITHM);
}

public static byte[] decryptMessage (byte[] message, String privateKeyString, String algorithm) {
    if (message == null || privateKeyString == null) {
        return null;
    }
    PrivateKey privateKey = getPrivateKey(privateKeyString);
    return decryptMessage(message, privateKey, algorithm);
}

public static byte[] decryptMessage (byte[] message, PrivateKey privateKey, String algorithm) {
    if (message == null || privateKey == null) {
        return null;
    }
    Cipher cipher = createCipher(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey, algorithm, true);
    if (cipher == null) {
        return null;
    }

    try {
        return cipher.doFinal(message);
    }
    catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();  //To change body of catch statement use File | Settings | File Templates.
        return null;
    }
    catch (BadPaddingException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();  //To change body of catch statement use File | Settings | File Templates.
        return null;
    }
}