Question

我有一个ASP.NET应用程序，可以访问证书库中证书中的私钥。在Windows Server 2003上，我能够使用winhttpcertcfg.exe来授予对NETWORK SERVICE帐户的私钥访问权限。如何授予访问IIS 7.5网站中Windows Server 2008 R2上证书存储（本地计算机\个人）中的证书中的私钥的权限？

我尝试使用证书MMC（Server 2008 R2）为“Everyone”，“IIS AppPool \ DefaultAppPool”，“IIS_IUSRS”以及我能找到的每个其他安全帐户提供完全信任访问权限。但是，下面的代码演示了代码无法访问使用私钥导入的证书的私钥。每次访问私钥属性时，代码都会抛出并抛出错误。

Default.aspx的

<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="_Default" %>
<%@ Import Namespace="System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head runat="server">
    <title></title>
</head>
<body>
    <form id="form1" runat="server">
    <div>
        <asp:Repeater ID="repeater1" runat="server">
            <HeaderTemplate>
                <table>
                    <tr>
                        <td>
                            Cert
                        </td>
                        <td>
                            Public Key
                        </td>
                        <td>
                            Private Key
                        </td>
                    </tr>
            </HeaderTemplate>
            <ItemTemplate>
                <tr>
                    <td>
                    <%#((X509Certificate2)Container.DataItem).GetNameInfo(X509NameType.SimpleName, false) %>
                    </td>
                    <td>
                    <%#((X509Certificate2)Container.DataItem).HasPublicKeyAccess() %>
                    </td>
                    <td>
                    <%#((X509Certificate2)Container.DataItem).HasPrivateKeyAccess() %>
                    </td>
                </tr>
            </ItemTemplate>
            <FooterTemplate>
                </table></FooterTemplate>
        </asp:Repeater>
    </div>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

Default.aspx.cs

using System;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
using System.Web.UI;
public partial class _Default : Page 
{
    public X509Certificate2Collection Certificates;
    protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        // Local Computer\Personal
        var store = new X509Store(StoreLocation.LocalMachine);
        // create and open store for read-only access
        store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadOnly);
        Certificates = store.Certificates;
        repeater1.DataSource = Certificates;
        repeater1.DataBind();
    }
}
public static class Extensions
{
    public static string HasPublicKeyAccess(this X509Certificate2 cert)
    {
        try
        {
            AsymmetricAlgorithm algorithm = cert.PublicKey.Key;
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            return "No";
        }
        return "Yes";
    }
    public static string HasPrivateKeyAccess(this X509Certificate2 cert)
    {
        try
        {
            string algorithm = cert.PrivateKey.KeyExchangeAlgorithm;
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            return "No";
        }
        return "Yes";
    }
}

Answer 1

创建/购买证书。确保它有私钥。
将证书导入“本地计算机”帐户。最好使用证书MMC。 请务必选中“允许导出私钥”
基于此，IIS 7.5应用程序池的标识使用以下之一。
- IIS 7.5网站在ApplicationPoolIdentity下运行。打开MMC =＆gt;添加证书（本地计算机）管理单元=＆gt;证书（本地计算机）=＆gt;个人=＆gt;证书=＆gt;右键单击感兴趣的证书=＆gt;所有任务=＆gt;管理私钥=＆gt;添加IIS AppPool\AppPoolName并授予其Full control。将“ AppPoolName ”替换为应用程序池的名称（有时为IIS_IUSRS）
- IIS 7.5网站在NETWORK SERVICE下运行。使用证书MMC，在“本地计算机\个人”中的证书上将“网络服务”添加到完全信任。
- IIS 7.5网站在“MyIISUser”本地计算机用户帐户下运行。使用证书MMC，在“本地计算机\个人”中的证书上将“MyIISUser”（新的本地计算机用户帐户）添加到“完全信任”。

根据@Phil Hale评论更新：

请注意，如果您在某个域中，默认情况下会在“从位置框”中选择您的域名。务必将其更改为“本地计算机”。将位置更改为“本地计算机”以查看应用程序池标识。

Answer 2

关于通过MMC，Certs，Select Cert，右键单击，所有任务，“管理私钥”授予权限的说明

管理私钥只在个人菜单列表中......所以，如果您将证书放在受信任的人等中，那你就不幸了。

我们找到了解决这个问题的方法，对我们有用。将证书拖放到Personal，执行Manage Private Keys事务以授予权限。请记住设置为使用对象类型内置函数并使用本地计算机而不是域。我们授予DefaultAppPool用户权限并将其保留在该用户身上。

完成后，将证书拖放回原来的地方。似的。

Answer 3

如果您尝试从IIS中的.pfx文件加载证书，解决方案可能就像为Application Pool启用此选项一样简单。

右键单击应用程序池并选择Advanced Settings。

然后启用Load User Profile

Answer 4

对我来说，只不过是通过“允许导出私钥”来重新导入证书。

我想这是必要的，但它确实让我感到紧张，因为它是访问此证书的第三方应用。

Answer 5

补充答案this is a guide以找到证书的私钥并添加权限。

这是在指南中找到FindPrivateKey.exe的指南，以查找证书的私钥。

Answer 6

尽管我已经参加了以上讨论，但经过多次尝试，我才达到了这一点。 1-如果要从商店访问证书，可以作为示例 2-生成证书并通过路径使用它更容易，更清洁

Asp.net Core 2.2 OR1：

using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Pkcs;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.X509;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Generators;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Operators;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Prng;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Math;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Pkcs;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Security;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities;
using Org.BouncyCastle.X509;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Tursys.Pool.Storage.Api.Utility
{
    class CertificateManager
    {
        public static X509Certificate2 GetCertificate(string caller)
        {
            AsymmetricKeyParameter caPrivateKey = null;
            X509Certificate2 clientCert;
            X509Certificate2 serverCert;

            clientCert = GetCertificateIfExist("CN=127.0.0.1", StoreName.My, StoreLocation.LocalMachine);
            serverCert = GetCertificateIfExist("CN=MyROOTCA", StoreName.Root, StoreLocation.LocalMachine);
            if (clientCert == null || serverCert == null)
            {
                var caCert = GenerateCACertificate("CN=MyROOTCA", ref caPrivateKey);
                addCertToStore(caCert, StoreName.Root, StoreLocation.LocalMachine);

                clientCert = GenerateSelfSignedCertificate("CN=127.0.0.1", "CN=MyROOTCA", caPrivateKey);
                var p12 = clientCert.Export(X509ContentType.Pfx);

                addCertToStore(new X509Certificate2(p12, (string)null, X509KeyStorageFlags.Exportable | X509KeyStorageFlags.PersistKeySet), StoreName.My, StoreLocation.LocalMachine);
            }

            if (caller == "client")
                return clientCert;

            return serverCert;
        }

        public static X509Certificate2 GenerateSelfSignedCertificate(string subjectName, string issuerName, AsymmetricKeyParameter issuerPrivKey)
        {
            const int keyStrength = 2048;

            // Generating Random Numbers
            CryptoApiRandomGenerator randomGenerator = new CryptoApiRandomGenerator();
            SecureRandom random = new SecureRandom(randomGenerator);

            // The Certificate Generator
            X509V3CertificateGenerator certificateGenerator = new X509V3CertificateGenerator();

            // Serial Number
            BigInteger serialNumber = BigIntegers.CreateRandomInRange(BigInteger.One, BigInteger.ValueOf(Int64.MaxValue), random);
            certificateGenerator.SetSerialNumber(serialNumber);

            // Signature Algorithm
            //const string signatureAlgorithm = "SHA256WithRSA";
            //certificateGenerator.SetSignatureAlgorithm(signatureAlgorithm);

            // Issuer and Subject Name
            X509Name subjectDN = new X509Name(subjectName);
            X509Name issuerDN = new X509Name(issuerName);
            certificateGenerator.SetIssuerDN(issuerDN);
            certificateGenerator.SetSubjectDN(subjectDN);

            // Valid For
            DateTime notBefore = DateTime.UtcNow.Date;
            DateTime notAfter = notBefore.AddYears(2);

            certificateGenerator.SetNotBefore(notBefore);
            certificateGenerator.SetNotAfter(notAfter);

            // Subject Public Key
            AsymmetricCipherKeyPair subjectKeyPair;
            var keyGenerationParameters = new KeyGenerationParameters(random, keyStrength);
            var keyPairGenerator = new RsaKeyPairGenerator();
            keyPairGenerator.Init(keyGenerationParameters);
            subjectKeyPair = keyPairGenerator.GenerateKeyPair();

            certificateGenerator.SetPublicKey(subjectKeyPair.Public);

            // Generating the Certificate
            AsymmetricCipherKeyPair issuerKeyPair = subjectKeyPair;

            ISignatureFactory signatureFactory = new Asn1SignatureFactory("SHA512WITHRSA", issuerKeyPair.Private, random);
            // selfsign certificate
            Org.BouncyCastle.X509.X509Certificate certificate = certificateGenerator.Generate(signatureFactory);


            // correcponding private key
            PrivateKeyInfo info = PrivateKeyInfoFactory.CreatePrivateKeyInfo(subjectKeyPair.Private);


            // merge into X509Certificate2
            X509Certificate2 x509 = new System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2(certificate.GetEncoded());

            Asn1Sequence seq = (Asn1Sequence)Asn1Object.FromByteArray(info.PrivateKeyAlgorithm.GetDerEncoded());
            if (seq.Count != 9)
            {
                //throw new PemException("malformed sequence in RSA private key");
            }

            RsaPrivateKeyStructure rsa = RsaPrivateKeyStructure.GetInstance(info.ParsePrivateKey());
            RsaPrivateCrtKeyParameters rsaparams = new RsaPrivateCrtKeyParameters(
                rsa.Modulus, rsa.PublicExponent, rsa.PrivateExponent, rsa.Prime1, rsa.Prime2, rsa.Exponent1, rsa.Exponent2, rsa.Coefficient);

            try
            {
                var rsap = DotNetUtilities.ToRSA(rsaparams);
                x509 = x509.CopyWithPrivateKey(rsap);

                //x509.PrivateKey = ToDotNetKey(rsaparams);
            }
            catch(Exception ex)
            {
                ;
            }
            //x509.PrivateKey = DotNetUtilities.ToRSA(rsaparams);
            return x509;

        }

        public static AsymmetricAlgorithm ToDotNetKey(RsaPrivateCrtKeyParameters privateKey)
        {
            var cspParams = new CspParameters
            {
                KeyContainerName = Guid.NewGuid().ToString(),
                KeyNumber = (int)KeyNumber.Exchange,
                Flags = CspProviderFlags.UseMachineKeyStore
            };

            var rsaProvider = new RSACryptoServiceProvider(cspParams);
            var parameters = new RSAParameters
            {
                Modulus = privateKey.Modulus.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
                P = privateKey.P.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
                Q = privateKey.Q.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
                DP = privateKey.DP.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
                DQ = privateKey.DQ.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
                InverseQ = privateKey.QInv.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
                D = privateKey.Exponent.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
                Exponent = privateKey.PublicExponent.ToByteArrayUnsigned()
            };

            rsaProvider.ImportParameters(parameters);
            return rsaProvider;
        }

        public static X509Certificate2 GenerateCACertificate(string subjectName, ref AsymmetricKeyParameter CaPrivateKey)
        {
            const int keyStrength = 2048;

            // Generating Random Numbers
            CryptoApiRandomGenerator randomGenerator = new CryptoApiRandomGenerator();
            SecureRandom random = new SecureRandom(randomGenerator);

            // The Certificate Generator
            X509V3CertificateGenerator certificateGenerator = new X509V3CertificateGenerator();

            // Serial Number
            BigInteger serialNumber = BigIntegers.CreateRandomInRange(BigInteger.One, BigInteger.ValueOf(Int64.MaxValue), random);
            certificateGenerator.SetSerialNumber(serialNumber);

            // Signature Algorithm
            //const string signatureAlgorithm = "SHA256WithRSA";
            //certificateGenerator.SetSignatureAlgorithm(signatureAlgorithm);

            // Issuer and Subject Name
            X509Name subjectDN = new X509Name(subjectName);
            X509Name issuerDN = subjectDN;
            certificateGenerator.SetIssuerDN(issuerDN);
            certificateGenerator.SetSubjectDN(subjectDN);

            // Valid For
            DateTime notBefore = DateTime.UtcNow.Date;
            DateTime notAfter = notBefore.AddYears(2);

            certificateGenerator.SetNotBefore(notBefore);
            certificateGenerator.SetNotAfter(notAfter);

            // Subject Public Key
            AsymmetricCipherKeyPair subjectKeyPair;
            KeyGenerationParameters keyGenerationParameters = new KeyGenerationParameters(random, keyStrength);
            RsaKeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator = new RsaKeyPairGenerator();
            keyPairGenerator.Init(keyGenerationParameters);
            subjectKeyPair = keyPairGenerator.GenerateKeyPair();

            certificateGenerator.SetPublicKey(subjectKeyPair.Public);

            // Generating the Certificate
            AsymmetricCipherKeyPair issuerKeyPair = subjectKeyPair;

            // selfsign certificate
            //Org.BouncyCastle.X509.X509Certificate certificate = certificateGenerator.Generate(issuerKeyPair.Private, random);

            ISignatureFactory signatureFactory = new Asn1SignatureFactory("SHA512WITHRSA", issuerKeyPair.Private, random);
            // selfsign certificate
            Org.BouncyCastle.X509.X509Certificate certificate = certificateGenerator.Generate(signatureFactory);


            X509Certificate2 x509 = new System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2(certificate.GetEncoded());

            CaPrivateKey = issuerKeyPair.Private;

            return x509;
            //return issuerKeyPair.Private;

        }

        public static bool addCertToStore(System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2 cert, System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.StoreName st, System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.StoreLocation sl)
        {
            bool bRet = false;

            try
            {
                X509Store store = new X509Store(st, sl);
                store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadWrite);
                store.Add(cert);

                store.Close();
            }
            catch
            {

            }

            return bRet;
        }

        protected internal static X509Certificate2 GetCertificateIfExist(string subjectName, StoreName store, StoreLocation location)
        {
            using (var certStore = new X509Store(store, location))
            {
                certStore.Open(OpenFlags.ReadOnly);
                var certCollection = certStore.Certificates.Find(
                                           X509FindType.FindBySubjectDistinguishedName, subjectName, false);
                X509Certificate2 certificate = null;
                if (certCollection.Count > 0)
                {
                    certificate = certCollection[0];
                }
                return certificate;
            }
        }

    }
}

OR 2：

    services.AddDataProtection()
//.PersistKeysToFileSystem(new DirectoryInfo(@"c:\temp-keys"))
.ProtectKeysWithCertificate(
        new X509Certificate2(Path.Combine(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory(), "clientCert.pfx"), "Password")
        )
.UnprotectKeysWithAnyCertificate(
        new X509Certificate2(Path.Combine(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory(), "clientCert.pfx"), "Password")
        );

Answer 7

在“证书面板”中，右键单击某些证书->所有任务->管理私钥->添加具有完全控制权的IIS_IUSRS用户

就我而言，我不需要安装“允许导出私钥”选项的证书，就像其他答案中所述。

如何让ASP.NET访问证书存储区中的证书中的私钥？

7 个答案: