关键字参数'question_text'的多个值

Question

我在Django tutorial之后收到错误  并且无法弄清楚我在做什么。任何人都可以看到下面的代码和我的代码之间的区别吗？

import datetime

from django.utils import timezone
from django.test import TestCase
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse

from polls.models import Question

class QuestionMethodTests(TestCase):

    def test_was_published_recently_with_future_question(self):
        """
        was_published_recently() should return False for questions whose
        pub_date is in the future
        """
        time = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=30)
        future_question = Question(pub_date=time)
        self.assertEqual(future_question.was_published_recently(), False)

    def test_was_published_recently_with_old_question(self):
        """
        was_published_recently() should return False for questions whose
        pub_date is older than 1 day
        """
        time = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=30)
        old_question = Question(pub_date=time)
        self.assertEqual(old_question.was_published_recently(), False)

    def test_was_published_recently_with_recent_question(self):
        """
        was_published_recently() should return True for questions whose
        pub_date is within the last day
        """
        time = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(hours=1)
        recent_question = Question(pub_date=time)
        self.assertEqual(recent_question.was_published_recently(), True)


class QuestionViewTests(TestCase):
    def create_question(question_text, days):
        """
        Creates a question with the given `question_text` published the given
        number of `days` offset to now (negative for questions published
        in the past, positive for questions that have yet to be published).
        """
        time = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=days)
        return Question.objects.create(question_text=question_text,
                               pub_date=time)

    def test_index_view_with_no_questions(self):
        """
        If no questions exist, an appropriate message should be displayed.
        """
        response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertContains(response, "No polls are available.")
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(response.context['latest_question_list'], [])

    def test_index_view_with_a_past_question(self):
        """
        Questions with a pub_date in the past should be displayed on the
        index page
        """
        self.create_question(question_text="Past question.", days=-30)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
            response.context['latest_question_list'],
            ['<Question: Past question.>']
        )

     def test_index_view_with_a_future_question(self):
        """
        Questions with a pub_date in the future should not be displayed on
        the index page.
        """
        self.create_question(question_text="Future question.", days=30)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
        self.assertContains(response, "No polls are available.",
                            status_code=200)
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(response.context['latest_question_list'], [])

    def test_index_view_with_future_question_and_past_question(self):
        """
        Even if both past and future questions exist, only past questions
        should be displayed.
        """
        self.create_question(question_text="Past question.", days=-30)
        self.create_question(question_text="Future question.", days=30)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
            response.context['latest_question_list'],
            ['<Question: Past question.>']
        )

    def test_index_view_with_two_past_questions(self):
        """
        The questions index page may display multiple questions.
        """
        self.create_question(question_text="Past question 1.", days=-30)
        self.create_question(question_text="Past question 2.", days=-5)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
            response.context['latest_question_list'],
            ['<Question: Past question 2.>', '<Question: Past question 1.>']
        )

完全错误：

Answer 1

你的方法：

def create_question(question_text, days):

需要self作为第一个参数。将使用实例作为第一个参数调用该方法，如果您尝试传递具有相同名称的另一个参数，则会收到错误消息。

即使用

def create_question(self, question_text, days):

代替。

Answer 2

create_question是一个实例方法，它应该有self作为第一个参数：

def create_question(self, question_text, days):
                    ^^^^

或者，如果您不需要访问实例属性，请将其定义为staticmethod或classmethod。

@staticmethod
def create_question(question_text, days):
    ...