Question

我正在查看是否可以创建powershell脚本来更新主机文件中的内容。

有人知道是否有任何使用PowerShell或任何其他脚本语言操作主机文件的示例？

感谢。

Answer 1

首先，如果您使用的是Vista或Windows 7，请确保从提升的提示符运行这些命令：

# Uncomment lines with localhost on them:
$hostsPath = "$env:windir\System32\drivers\etc\hosts"
$hosts = get-content $hostsPath
$hosts = $hosts | Foreach {if ($_ -match '^\s*#\s*(.*?\d{1,3}.*?localhost.*)')
                           {$matches[1]} else {$_}}
$hosts | Out-File $hostsPath -enc ascii

# Comment lines with localhost on them:
$hosts = get-content $hostsPath
$hosts | Foreach {if ($_ -match '^\s*([^#].*?\d{1,3}.*?localhost.*)') 
                  {"# " + $matches[1]} else {$_}} |
         Out-File $hostsPath -enc ascii

鉴于此，我认为你可以看到如何使用正则表达式来操作条目。

Answer 2

Carbon module具有Set-HostsEntry功能，用于设置主机条目：

Set-HostsEntry -IPAddress 10.2.3.4 -HostName 'myserver' -Description "myserver's IP address"

Answer 3

如果有人正在寻找更高级的例子，我一直特别喜欢这个要点：https://gist.github.com/markembling/173887

#
# Powershell script for adding/removing/showing entries to the hosts file.
#
# Known limitations:
# - does not handle entries with comments afterwards ("<ip>    <host>    # comment")
#

$file = "C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts"

function add-host([string]$filename, [string]$ip, [string]$hostname) {
    remove-host $filename $hostname
    $ip + "`t`t" + $hostname | Out-File -encoding ASCII -append $filename
}

function remove-host([string]$filename, [string]$hostname) {
    $c = Get-Content $filename
    $newLines = @()

    foreach ($line in $c) {
        $bits = [regex]::Split($line, "\t+")
        if ($bits.count -eq 2) {
            if ($bits[1] -ne $hostname) {
                $newLines += $line
            }
        } else {
            $newLines += $line
        }
    }

    # Write file
    Clear-Content $filename
    foreach ($line in $newLines) {
        $line | Out-File -encoding ASCII -append $filename
    }
}

function print-hosts([string]$filename) {
    $c = Get-Content $filename

    foreach ($line in $c) {
        $bits = [regex]::Split($line, "\t+")
        if ($bits.count -eq 2) {
            Write-Host $bits[0] `t`t $bits[1]
        }
    }
}

try {
    if ($args[0] -eq "add") {

        if ($args.count -lt 3) {
            throw "Not enough arguments for add."
        } else {
            add-host $file $args[1] $args[2]
        }

    } elseif ($args[0] -eq "remove") {

        if ($args.count -lt 2) {
            throw "Not enough arguments for remove."
        } else {
            remove-host $file $args[1]
        }

    } elseif ($args[0] -eq "show") {
        print-hosts $file
    } else {
        throw "Invalid operation '" + $args[0] + "' - must be one of 'add', 'remove', 'show'."
    }
} catch  {
    Write-Host $error[0]
    Write-Host "`nUsage: hosts add <ip> <hostname>`n       hosts remove <hostname>`n       hosts show"
}

Answer 4

从Kevin Remisoski的上述优秀答案开始，我想出了这个让我一次添加/更新多个条目。我还改变了分割中的正则表达式以寻找任何空格，而不仅仅是制表符。

function setHostEntries([hashtable] $entries) {
    $hostsFile = "$env:windir\System32\drivers\etc\hosts"
    $newLines = @()

    $c = Get-Content -Path $hostsFile
    foreach ($line in $c) {
        $bits = [regex]::Split($line, "\s+")
        if ($bits.count -eq 2) {
            $match = $NULL
            ForEach($entry in $entries.GetEnumerator()) {
                if($bits[1] -eq $entry.Key) {
                    $newLines += ($entry.Value + '     ' + $entry.Key)
                    Write-Host Replacing HOSTS entry for $entry.Key
                    $match = $entry.Key
                    break
                }
            }
            if($match -eq $NULL) {
                $newLines += $line
            } else {
                $entries.Remove($match)
            }
        } else {
            $newLines += $line
        }
    }

    foreach($entry in $entries.GetEnumerator()) {
        Write-Host Adding HOSTS entry for $entry.Key
        $newLines += $entry.Value + '     ' + $entry.Key
    }

    Write-Host Saving $hostsFile
    Clear-Content $hostsFile
    foreach ($line in $newLines) {
        $line | Out-File -encoding ASCII -append $hostsFile
    }
}

$entries = @{
    'aaa.foo.local' = "127.0.0.1"
    'bbb.foo.local' = "127.0.0.1"
    'ccc.foo.local' = "127.0.0.1"
};
setHostEntries($entries)

Answer 5

我编写了一个代码来删除主机中的条目。您可以轻松更改代码，以便从代码中为其添加条目。

$domainName = "www.abc.com"
$rplaceStr = ""
$rHost = "C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts"
$items = Get-Content $rHost | Select-String $domainName
Write-host $items
foreach( $item in $items)
{
(Get-Content $rHost) -replace $item, $rplaceStr| Set-Content $rHost
}

有关详细信息，请参阅 http://nisanthkv.blog.com/2012/06/13/remove-host-entries-using-powershell/

Answer 6

所有这些答案都非常详尽。这就是添加主机文件条目所需的全部：

Add-Content -Path C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts -Value "127.0.0.1`tlocalhost" -Force

IP地址和主机名用 t 分隔，这是制表符的Powershell表示法。

Answer 7

对我来说，处理hosts文件最大的痛苦就是记住它的位置。我在PowerShell配置文件中设置了一个指向我的hosts文件的变量，这样可以在文本编辑器中轻松编辑。

在PowerShell中，键入以下内容以打开个人资料：

C:\> Notepad $profile

添加：

$hosts = "$env:windir\System32\drivers\etc\hosts"

保存文件，然后关闭并重新打开PowerShell，以管理员身份运行。没有提升权限，您无法编辑hosts文件。

现在，您可以像编辑个人资料一样编辑您的主机文件：

C:\> Notepad $hosts

Answer 8

需要的时间管理权限99％到修改的主机记录。试着在你PowerShell脚本的顶部添加以下代码。

If (-NOT ([Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal][Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()).IsInRole([Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole] "Administrator"))

{   
$arguments = "& '" + $myinvocation.mycommand.definition + "'"
Start-Process powershell -Verb runAs -ArgumentList $arguments
Break
}

Answer 9

我编写了一个快速脚本，该脚本创建了一个简单的GUI，用于将新记录添加到HOSTS文件中。它将打开一个窗口，询问主机名和IP，然后将您的输入附加到HOSTS文件中。

我确信它可以简化并且看起来更干净...但是对于我的用例来说效果很好。

享受！

Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Windows.Forms
Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Drawing

$hostsfilelocation = "$env:windir\System32\drivers\etc\hosts"
$readhostsfile = Get-Content $hostsfilelocation

$form = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.Form
$form.Text = 'Update HOSTS File'
$form.Size = New-Object System.Drawing.Size(300,200)
$form.StartPosition = 'CenterScreen'

$AddHosts = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.Button
$AddHosts.Location = New-Object System.Drawing.Point(55,120)
$AddHosts.Size = New-Object System.Drawing.Size(90,25)
$AddHosts.Text = 'Add Record'
$AddHosts.DialogResult = [System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult]::OK
$form.AcceptButton = $AddHosts
$form.Controls.Add($AddHosts)

$CancelButton = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.Button
$CancelButton.Location = New-Object System.Drawing.Point(170,120)
$CancelButton.Size = New-Object System.Drawing.Size(75,25)
$CancelButton.Text = 'Cancel'
$CancelButton.DialogResult = [System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult]::Cancel
$form.CancelButton = $CancelButton
$form.Controls.Add($CancelButton)

$Hostslabel = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.Label
$Hostslabel.Location = New-Object System.Drawing.Point(10,20)
$Hostslabel.Size = New-Object System.Drawing.Size(280,20)
$Hostslabel.Text = 'Enter New HOSTNAME/FQDN:'
$form.Controls.Add($Hostslabel)

$HoststextBox = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.TextBox
$HoststextBox.Location = New-Object System.Drawing.Point(10,40)
$HoststextBox.Size = New-Object System.Drawing.Size(260,20)
$form.Controls.Add($HoststextBox)

$IPlabel = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.Label
$IPlabel.Location = New-Object System.Drawing.Point(10,60)
$IPlabel.Size = New-Object System.Drawing.Size(280,20)
$IPlabel.Text = 'Enter IP:'
$form.Controls.Add($IPlabel)

$IPtextBox = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.TextBox
$IPtextBox.Location = New-Object System.Drawing.Point(10,80)
$IPtextBox.Size = New-Object System.Drawing.Size(260,20)
$form.Controls.Add($IPtextBox)

$form.Topmost = $true

$form.Add_Shown({($HoststextBox,$IPtextbox).Select()})

$result = $form.ShowDialog()

if ($result -eq [System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult]::OK)
{
    $inputhosts = $HoststextBox.Text
    $inputip = $IPtextBox.Text
    $newrecord = "$inputip $inputhosts"
    Add-Content -Path $hostsfilelocation -Value $newrecord
}

Powershell操纵主机文件

9 个答案: