如何实现二叉树？
哪种可用于在Python中实现二进制树的最佳数据结构？
20 个答案:
答案 0 :(得分：73)
这是我对二叉树的简单递归实现。
#!/usr/bin/python
class Node:
def __init__(self, val):
self.l = None
self.r = None
self.v = val
class Tree:
def __init__(self):
self.root = None
def getRoot(self):
return self.root
def add(self, val):
if(self.root == None):
self.root = Node(val)
else:
self._add(val, self.root)
def _add(self, val, node):
if(val < node.v):
if(node.l != None):
self._add(val, node.l)
else:
node.l = Node(val)
else:
if(node.r != None):
self._add(val, node.r)
else:
node.r = Node(val)
def find(self, val):
if(self.root != None):
return self._find(val, self.root)
else:
return None
def _find(self, val, node):
if(val == node.v):
return node
elif(val < node.v and node.l != None):
self._find(val, node.l)
elif(val > node.v and node.r != None):
self._find(val, node.r)
def deleteTree(self):
# garbage collector will do this for us.
self.root = None
def printTree(self):
if(self.root != None):
self._printTree(self.root)
def _printTree(self, node):
if(node != None):
self._printTree(node.l)
print str(node.v) + ' '
self._printTree(node.r)
# 3
# 0 4
# 2 8
tree = Tree()
tree.add(3)
tree.add(4)
tree.add(0)
tree.add(8)
tree.add(2)
tree.printTree()
print (tree.find(3)).v
print tree.find(10)
tree.deleteTree()
tree.printTree()
答案 1 :(得分：26)
# simple binary tree
# in this implementation, a node is inserted between an existing node and the root
class BinaryTree():
def __init__(self,rootid):
self.left = None
self.right = None
self.rootid = rootid
def getLeftChild(self):
return self.left
def getRightChild(self):
return self.right
def setNodeValue(self,value):
self.rootid = value
def getNodeValue(self):
return self.rootid
def insertRight(self,newNode):
if self.right == None:
self.right = BinaryTree(newNode)
else:
tree = BinaryTree(newNode)
tree.right = self.right
self.right = tree
def insertLeft(self,newNode):
if self.left == None:
self.left = BinaryTree(newNode)
else:
tree = BinaryTree(newNode)
tree.left = self.left
self.left = tree
def printTree(tree):
if tree != None:
printTree(tree.getLeftChild())
print(tree.getNodeValue())
printTree(tree.getRightChild())
# test tree
def testTree():
myTree = BinaryTree("Maud")
myTree.insertLeft("Bob")
myTree.insertRight("Tony")
myTree.insertRight("Steven")
printTree(myTree)
阅读更多相关内容： - 这是一个非常简单的二叉树implementation。
This是一个很好的教程，其间有问题
答案 2 :(得分：8)
在Python中简单实现BST
class TreeNode:
def __init__(self, value):
self.left = None;
self.right = None;
self.data = value;
class Tree:
def __init__(self):
self.root = None;
def addNode(self, node, value):
if(node==None):
self.root = TreeNode(value);
else:
if(value<node.data):
if(node.left==None):
node.left = TreeNode(value)
else:
self.addNode(node.left, value);
else:
if(node.right==None):
node.right = TreeNode(value)
else:
self.addNode(node.right, value);
def printInorder(self, node):
if(node!=None):
self.printInorder(node.left)
print(node.data)
self.printInorder(node.right)
def main():
testTree = Tree()
testTree.addNode(testTree.root, 200)
testTree.addNode(testTree.root, 300)
testTree.addNode(testTree.root, 100)
testTree.addNode(testTree.root, 30)
testTree.printInorder(testTree.root)
答案 3 :(得分：7)
使用列表实现二叉树的一种非常快速的方法。 不是最有效的，也不是很好地处理零值。 但它非常透明（至少对我而言）：
def _add(node, v):
new = [v, [], []]
if node:
left, right = node[1:]
if not left:
left.extend(new)
elif not right:
right.extend(new)
else:
_add(left, v)
else:
node.extend(new)
def binary_tree(s):
root = []
for e in s:
_add(root, e)
return root
def traverse(n, order):
if n:
v = n[0]
if order == 'pre':
yield v
for left in traverse(n[1], order):
yield left
if order == 'in':
yield v
for right in traverse(n[2], order):
yield right
if order == 'post':
yield v
从可迭代构建树：
>>> tree = binary_tree('A B C D E'.split())
>>> print tree
['A', ['B', ['D', [], []], ['E', [], []]], ['C', [], []]]
遍历一棵树：
>>> list(traverse(tree, 'pre')), list(traverse(tree, 'in')), list(traverse(tree, 'post'))
(['A', 'B', 'D', 'E', 'C'],
['D', 'B', 'E', 'A', 'C'],
['D', 'E', 'B', 'C', 'A'])
答案 4 :(得分：4)
我不禁注意到，这里的大多数答案都在实现二进制搜索树。二进制搜索树！=二进制树。
-
二叉搜索树具有非常特殊的属性：对于任何节点X，X的密钥都大于其左子节点的任何后代的键，并且小于其右子节点的任何后代的键。 / p>
-
二叉树不施加这样的限制。二叉树只是具有“键”元素和两个孩子的数据结构，分别是“左”和“右”。
-
树是二叉树的更一般情况，其中每个节点可以具有任意数量的子代。通常，每个节点都有一个“孩子”元素，其类型为列表/数组。
现在，要回答OP的问题，我将在Python中包含二进制树的完整实现。给定它提供最佳的O（1）查找，存储每个BinaryTreeNode的基础数据结构是一个字典。我还实现了深度优先遍历和深度优先遍历。这些是在树上执行的非常常见的操作。
from collections import deque
class BinaryTreeNode:
def __init__(self, key, left=None, right=None):
self.key = key
self.left = left
self.right = right
def __repr__(self):
return "%s l: (%s) r: (%s)" % (self.key, self.left, self.right)
def __eq__(self, other):
if self.key == other.key and \
self.right == other.right and \
self.left == other.left:
return True
else:
return False
class BinaryTree:
def __init__(self, root_key=None):
# maps from BinaryTreeNode key to BinaryTreeNode instance.
# Thus, BinaryTreeNode keys must be unique.
self.nodes = {}
if root_key is not None:
# create a root BinaryTreeNode
self.root = BinaryTreeNode(root_key)
self.nodes[root_key] = self.root
def add(self, key, left_key=None, right_key=None):
if key not in self.nodes:
# BinaryTreeNode with given key does not exist, create it
self.nodes[key] = BinaryTreeNode(key)
# invariant: self.nodes[key] exists
# handle left child
if left_key is None:
self.nodes[key].left = None
else:
if left_key not in self.nodes:
self.nodes[left_key] = BinaryTreeNode(left_key)
# invariant: self.nodes[left_key] exists
self.nodes[key].left = self.nodes[left_key]
# handle right child
if right_key == None:
self.nodes[key].right = None
else:
if right_key not in self.nodes:
self.nodes[right_key] = BinaryTreeNode(right_key)
# invariant: self.nodes[right_key] exists
self.nodes[key].right = self.nodes[right_key]
def remove(self, key):
if key not in self.nodes:
raise ValueError('%s not in tree' % key)
# remove key from the list of nodes
del self.nodes[key]
# if node removed is left/right child, update parent node
for k in self.nodes:
if self.nodes[k].left and self.nodes[k].left.key == key:
self.nodes[k].left = None
if self.nodes[k].right and self.nodes[k].right.key == key:
self.nodes[k].right = None
return True
def _height(self, node):
if node is None:
return 0
else:
return 1 + max(self._height(node.left), self._height(node.right))
def height(self):
return self._height(self.root)
def size(self):
return len(self.nodes)
def __repr__(self):
return str(self.traverse_inorder(self.root))
def bfs(self, node):
if not node or node not in self.nodes:
return
reachable = []
q = deque()
# add starting node to queue
q.append(node)
while len(q):
visit = q.popleft()
# add currently visited BinaryTreeNode to list
reachable.append(visit)
# add left/right children as needed
if visit.left:
q.append(visit.left)
if visit.right:
q.append(visit.right)
return reachable
# visit left child, root, then right child
def traverse_inorder(self, node, reachable=None):
if not node or node.key not in self.nodes:
return
if reachable is None:
reachable = []
self.traverse_inorder(node.left, reachable)
reachable.append(node.key)
self.traverse_inorder(node.right, reachable)
return reachable
# visit left and right children, then root
# root of tree is always last to be visited
def traverse_postorder(self, node, reachable=None):
if not node or node.key not in self.nodes:
return
if reachable is None:
reachable = []
self.traverse_postorder(node.left, reachable)
self.traverse_postorder(node.right, reachable)
reachable.append(node.key)
return reachable
# visit root, left, then right children
# root is always visited first
def traverse_preorder(self, node, reachable=None):
if not node or node.key not in self.nodes:
return
if reachable is None:
reachable = []
reachable.append(node.key)
self.traverse_preorder(node.left, reachable)
self.traverse_preorder(node.right, reachable)
return reachable
答案 5 :(得分：3)
你不需要有两个班级
class Tree:
val = None
left = None
right = None
def __init__(self, val):
self.val = val
def insert(self, val):
if self.val is not None:
if val < self.val:
if self.left is not None:
self.left.insert(val)
else:
self.left = Tree(val)
elif val > self.val:
if self.right is not None:
self.right.insert(val)
else:
self.right = Tree(val)
else:
return
else:
self.val = val
print("new node added")
def showTree(self):
if self.left is not None:
self.left.showTree()
print(self.val, end = ' ')
if self.right is not None:
self.right.showTree()
答案 6 :(得分：2)
多一点“Pythonic”？
class Node:
def __init__(self, value):
self.value = value
self.left = None
self.right = None
def __repr__(self):
return str(self.value)
class BST:
def __init__(self):
self.root = None
def __repr__(self):
self.sorted = []
self.get_inorder(self.root)
return str(self.sorted)
def get_inorder(self, node):
if node:
self.get_inorder(node.left)
self.sorted.append(str(node.value))
self.get_inorder(node.right)
def add(self, value):
if not self.root:
self.root = Node(value)
else:
self._add(self.root, value)
def _add(self, node, value):
if value <= node.value:
if node.left:
self._add(node.left, value)
else:
node.left = Node(value)
else:
if node.right:
self._add(node.right, value)
else:
node.right = Node(value)
from random import randint
bst = BST()
for i in range(100):
bst.add(randint(1, 1000))
print (bst)
答案 7 :(得分：2)
#!/usr/bin/python
class BinaryTree:
def __init__(self, left, right, data):
self.left = left
self.right = right
self.data = data
def pre_order_traversal(root):
print(root.data, end=' ')
if root.left != None:
pre_order_traversal(root.left)
if root.right != None:
pre_order_traversal(root.right)
def in_order_traversal(root):
if root.left != None:
in_order_traversal(root.left)
print(root.data, end=' ')
if root.right != None:
in_order_traversal(root.right)
def post_order_traversal(root):
if root.left != None:
post_order_traversal(root.left)
if root.right != None:
post_order_traversal(root.right)
print(root.data, end=' ')
答案 8 :(得分：1)
import random
class TreeNode:
def __init__(self, key):
self.key = key
self.left = None
self.right = None
self.p = None
class BinaryTree:
def __init__(self):
self.root = None
def length(self):
return self.size
def inorder(self, node):
if node == None:
return None
else:
self.inorder(node.left)
print node.key,
self.inorder(node.right)
def search(self, k):
node = self.root
while node != None:
if node.key == k:
return node
if node.key > k:
node = node.left
else:
node = node.right
return None
def minimum(self, node):
x = None
while node.left != None:
x = node.left
node = node.left
return x
def maximum(self, node):
x = None
while node.right != None:
x = node.right
node = node.right
return x
def successor(self, node):
parent = None
if node.right != None:
return self.minimum(node.right)
parent = node.p
while parent != None and node == parent.right:
node = parent
parent = parent.p
return parent
def predecessor(self, node):
parent = None
if node.left != None:
return self.maximum(node.left)
parent = node.p
while parent != None and node == parent.left:
node = parent
parent = parent.p
return parent
def insert(self, k):
t = TreeNode(k)
parent = None
node = self.root
while node != None:
parent = node
if node.key > t.key:
node = node.left
else:
node = node.right
t.p = parent
if parent == None:
self.root = t
elif t.key < parent.key:
parent.left = t
else:
parent.right = t
return t
def delete(self, node):
if node.left == None:
self.transplant(node, node.right)
elif node.right == None:
self.transplant(node, node.left)
else:
succ = self.minimum(node.right)
if succ.p != node:
self.transplant(succ, succ.right)
succ.right = node.right
succ.right.p = succ
self.transplant(node, succ)
succ.left = node.left
succ.left.p = succ
def transplant(self, node, newnode):
if node.p == None:
self.root = newnode
elif node == node.p.left:
node.p.left = newnode
else:
node.p.right = newnode
if newnode != None:
newnode.p = node.p
答案 9 :(得分：1)
基于Node的连接节点类是一种标准方法。这些可能很难想象。
根据{em> Python模式-实现图中的essay来考虑，请考虑一个简单的字典：
给出
二叉树
a
/ \
b c
/ \ \
d e f
代码
制作一个唯一个节点的字典：
tree = {
"a": ["b", "c"],
"b": ["d", "e"],
"c": [None, "f"],
"d": [None, None],
"e": [None, None],
"f": [None, None],
}
详细信息
- 每个键值对都是一个指向其子级的唯一节点。
- 列表（或元组）包含一对有序的左/右子级。
- 在字典已命令插入的情况下，假定第一个条目是根。
- 公用方法可以是使dict变异或遍历的函数（请参见
find_all_paths()）。
基于树的功能通常包括以下常见操作：
- 遍历：以给定的顺序产生每个节点（通常从左到右）
- 宽度优先搜索（BFS）：遍历级别
- 深度优先搜索（DFS）：首先遍历分支（先/后/后顺序）
- 插入：根据子节点的数量向树中添加节点
- 删除：根据子节点的数量删除节点
- 更新：将丢失的节点从一棵树合并到另一棵树
- visit ：产生遍历的节点的值
尝试实现所有这些操作。 在这里，我们演示这些功能中的一个 -BFS遍历：
示例
import collections as ct
def traverse(tree):
"""Yield nodes from a tree via BFS."""
q = ct.deque() # 1
root = next(iter(tree)) # 2
q.append(root)
while q:
node = q.popleft()
children = filter(None, tree.get(node))
for n in children: # 3
q.append(n)
yield node
list(traverse(tree))
# ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f']
这是breadth-first search (level-order) algorithm，适用于节点和子级的字典。
- 初始化FIFO queue。我们使用
deque，但是queue或list可以工作（后者效率低下）。 - 获取并排入根节点（假设根是字典中的第一个条目，Python 3.6 +）。
- 迭代地使一个节点出队，使其子节点入队并产生节点值。
另请参阅关于树的深入tutorial。
洞察力
一般来说，遍历很棒，我们可以通过简单地将队列替换为depth-first search (DFS)（也称为LIFO队列）来轻松地将后一种迭代方法更改为stack。这仅表示我们从排队的同一侧出队。 DFS允许我们搜索每个分支。
如何？由于我们使用的是deque，因此可以通过将node = q.popleft()更改为node = q.pop()（右侧）来模拟堆栈。结果是右偏pre-ordered DFS：['a', 'c', 'f', 'b', 'e', 'd']。
答案 10 :(得分：1)
我知道已经发布了许多好的解决方案，但是对于二叉树，我通常有不同的方法：使用某些Node类并直接实现它更易读，但是当您有很多节点时，对于内存可能会变得非常贪婪，所以我建议增加一层复杂度并将节点存储在python列表中，然后仅使用该列表来模拟树的行为。
您仍然可以定义Node类以在需要时最终表示树中的节点，但是将它们以简单的形式[value，left，right]保留在列表中将使用一半的内存或更少的内存！
这里是二进制搜索树类的快速示例，该类将节点存储在数组中。它提供了基本功能，例如添加，删除，查找...
"""
Basic Binary Search Tree class without recursion...
"""
__author__ = "@fbparis"
class Node(object):
__slots__ = "value", "parent", "left", "right"
def __init__(self, value, parent=None, left=None, right=None):
self.value = value
self.parent = parent
self.left = left
self.right = right
def __repr__(self):
return "<%s object at %s: parent=%s, left=%s, right=%s, value=%s>" % (self.__class__.__name__, hex(id(self)), self.parent, self.left, self.right, self.value)
class BinarySearchTree(object):
__slots__ = "_tree"
def __init__(self, *args):
self._tree = []
if args:
for x in args[0]:
self.add(x)
def __len__(self):
return len(self._tree)
def __repr__(self):
return "<%s object at %s with %d nodes>" % (self.__class__.__name__, hex(id(self)), len(self))
def __str__(self, nodes=None, level=0):
ret = ""
if nodes is None:
if len(self):
nodes = [0]
else:
nodes = []
for node in nodes:
if node is None:
continue
ret += "-" * level + " %s\n" % self._tree[node][0]
ret += self.__str__(self._tree[node][2:4], level + 1)
if level == 0:
ret = ret.strip()
return ret
def __contains__(self, value):
if len(self):
node_index = 0
while self._tree[node_index][0] != value:
if value < self._tree[node_index][0]:
node_index = self._tree[node_index][2]
else:
node_index = self._tree[node_index][3]
if node_index is None:
return False
return True
return False
def __eq__(self, other):
return self._tree == other._tree
def add(self, value):
if len(self):
node_index = 0
while self._tree[node_index][0] != value:
if value < self._tree[node_index][0]:
b = self._tree[node_index][2]
k = 2
else:
b = self._tree[node_index][3]
k = 3
if b is None:
self._tree[node_index][k] = len(self)
self._tree.append([value, node_index, None, None])
break
node_index = b
else:
self._tree.append([value, None, None, None])
def remove(self, value):
if len(self):
node_index = 0
while self._tree[node_index][0] != value:
if value < self._tree[node_index][0]:
node_index = self._tree[node_index][2]
else:
node_index = self._tree[node_index][3]
if node_index is None:
raise KeyError
if self._tree[node_index][2] is not None:
b, d = 2, 3
elif self._tree[node_index][3] is not None:
b, d = 3, 2
else:
i = node_index
b = None
if b is not None:
i = self._tree[node_index][b]
while self._tree[i][d] is not None:
i = self._tree[i][d]
p = self._tree[i][1]
b = self._tree[i][b]
if p == node_index:
self._tree[p][5-d] = b
else:
self._tree[p][d] = b
if b is not None:
self._tree[b][1] = p
self._tree[node_index][0] = self._tree[i][0]
else:
p = self._tree[i][1]
if p is not None:
if self._tree[p][2] == i:
self._tree[p][2] = None
else:
self._tree[p][3] = None
last = self._tree.pop()
n = len(self)
if i < n:
self._tree[i] = last[:]
if last[2] is not None:
self._tree[last[2]][1] = i
if last[3] is not None:
self._tree[last[3]][1] = i
if self._tree[last[1]][2] == n:
self._tree[last[1]][2] = i
else:
self._tree[last[1]][3] = i
else:
raise KeyError
def find(self, value):
if len(self):
node_index = 0
while self._tree[node_index][0] != value:
if value < self._tree[node_index][0]:
node_index = self._tree[node_index][2]
else:
node_index = self._tree[node_index][3]
if node_index is None:
return None
return Node(*self._tree[node_index])
return None
我添加了一个父属性，以便您可以删除任何节点并维护BST结构。
很抱歉，为了便于阅读，尤其是对于“删除”功能。基本上，当删除节点时，我们弹出树数组，并用最后一个元素替换它（除非我们要删除最后一个节点）。为了保持BST结构，将删除的节点替换为其左侧子节点的最大值或右侧子节点的最小值，并且必须执行一些操作才能使索引有效，但必须足够快。
我将这种技术用于更高级的东西，用内部基数trie构建了一些大单词字典，并且我能够将内存消耗除以7-8（您可以在此处看到一个示例：https://gist.github.com/fbparis/b3ddd5673b603b42c880974b23db7cda）
答案 11 :(得分：1)
[面试所需的条件] Node类足以表示一棵二叉树。
（尽管其他答案大多数都是正确的，但是对于二叉树而言，它们是不需要的，不需要扩展对象类，不需要是BST，不需要导入双端队列）。
class Node:
def __init__(self, value = None):
self.left = None
self.right = None
self.value = value
这是一棵树的例子：
n1 = Node(1)
n2 = Node(2)
n3 = Node(3)
n1.left = n2
n1.right = n3
在此示例中，n1是具有n2，n3作为其子代的树的根。
答案 12 :(得分：0)
从here摘录的二元 search 树的良好实现：
'''
A binary search Tree
'''
from __future__ import print_function
class Node:
def __init__(self, label, parent):
self.label = label
self.left = None
self.right = None
#Added in order to delete a node easier
self.parent = parent
def getLabel(self):
return self.label
def setLabel(self, label):
self.label = label
def getLeft(self):
return self.left
def setLeft(self, left):
self.left = left
def getRight(self):
return self.right
def setRight(self, right):
self.right = right
def getParent(self):
return self.parent
def setParent(self, parent):
self.parent = parent
class BinarySearchTree:
def __init__(self):
self.root = None
def insert(self, label):
# Create a new Node
new_node = Node(label, None)
# If Tree is empty
if self.empty():
self.root = new_node
else:
#If Tree is not empty
curr_node = self.root
#While we don't get to a leaf
while curr_node is not None:
#We keep reference of the parent node
parent_node = curr_node
#If node label is less than current node
if new_node.getLabel() < curr_node.getLabel():
#We go left
curr_node = curr_node.getLeft()
else:
#Else we go right
curr_node = curr_node.getRight()
#We insert the new node in a leaf
if new_node.getLabel() < parent_node.getLabel():
parent_node.setLeft(new_node)
else:
parent_node.setRight(new_node)
#Set parent to the new node
new_node.setParent(parent_node)
def delete(self, label):
if (not self.empty()):
#Look for the node with that label
node = self.getNode(label)
#If the node exists
if(node is not None):
#If it has no children
if(node.getLeft() is None and node.getRight() is None):
self.__reassignNodes(node, None)
node = None
#Has only right children
elif(node.getLeft() is None and node.getRight() is not None):
self.__reassignNodes(node, node.getRight())
#Has only left children
elif(node.getLeft() is not None and node.getRight() is None):
self.__reassignNodes(node, node.getLeft())
#Has two children
else:
#Gets the max value of the left branch
tmpNode = self.getMax(node.getLeft())
#Deletes the tmpNode
self.delete(tmpNode.getLabel())
#Assigns the value to the node to delete and keesp tree structure
node.setLabel(tmpNode.getLabel())
def getNode(self, label):
curr_node = None
#If the tree is not empty
if(not self.empty()):
#Get tree root
curr_node = self.getRoot()
#While we don't find the node we look for
#I am using lazy evaluation here to avoid NoneType Attribute error
while curr_node is not None and curr_node.getLabel() is not label:
#If node label is less than current node
if label < curr_node.getLabel():
#We go left
curr_node = curr_node.getLeft()
else:
#Else we go right
curr_node = curr_node.getRight()
return curr_node
def getMax(self, root = None):
if(root is not None):
curr_node = root
else:
#We go deep on the right branch
curr_node = self.getRoot()
if(not self.empty()):
while(curr_node.getRight() is not None):
curr_node = curr_node.getRight()
return curr_node
def getMin(self, root = None):
if(root is not None):
curr_node = root
else:
#We go deep on the left branch
curr_node = self.getRoot()
if(not self.empty()):
curr_node = self.getRoot()
while(curr_node.getLeft() is not None):
curr_node = curr_node.getLeft()
return curr_node
def empty(self):
if self.root is None:
return True
return False
def __InOrderTraversal(self, curr_node):
nodeList = []
if curr_node is not None:
nodeList.insert(0, curr_node)
nodeList = nodeList + self.__InOrderTraversal(curr_node.getLeft())
nodeList = nodeList + self.__InOrderTraversal(curr_node.getRight())
return nodeList
def getRoot(self):
return self.root
def __isRightChildren(self, node):
if(node == node.getParent().getRight()):
return True
return False
def __reassignNodes(self, node, newChildren):
if(newChildren is not None):
newChildren.setParent(node.getParent())
if(node.getParent() is not None):
#If it is the Right Children
if(self.__isRightChildren(node)):
node.getParent().setRight(newChildren)
else:
#Else it is the left children
node.getParent().setLeft(newChildren)
#This function traversal the tree. By default it returns an
#In order traversal list. You can pass a function to traversal
#The tree as needed by client code
def traversalTree(self, traversalFunction = None, root = None):
if(traversalFunction is None):
#Returns a list of nodes in preOrder by default
return self.__InOrderTraversal(self.root)
else:
#Returns a list of nodes in the order that the users wants to
return traversalFunction(self.root)
#Returns an string of all the nodes labels in the list
#In Order Traversal
def __str__(self):
list = self.__InOrderTraversal(self.root)
str = ""
for x in list:
str = str + " " + x.getLabel().__str__()
return str
def InPreOrder(curr_node):
nodeList = []
if curr_node is not None:
nodeList = nodeList + InPreOrder(curr_node.getLeft())
nodeList.insert(0, curr_node.getLabel())
nodeList = nodeList + InPreOrder(curr_node.getRight())
return nodeList
def testBinarySearchTree():
r'''
Example
8
/ \
3 10
/ \ \
1 6 14
/ \ /
4 7 13
'''
r'''
Example After Deletion
7
/ \
1 4
'''
t = BinarySearchTree()
t.insert(8)
t.insert(3)
t.insert(6)
t.insert(1)
t.insert(10)
t.insert(14)
t.insert(13)
t.insert(4)
t.insert(7)
#Prints all the elements of the list in order traversal
print(t.__str__())
if(t.getNode(6) is not None):
print("The label 6 exists")
else:
print("The label 6 doesn't exist")
if(t.getNode(-1) is not None):
print("The label -1 exists")
else:
print("The label -1 doesn't exist")
if(not t.empty()):
print(("Max Value: ", t.getMax().getLabel()))
print(("Min Value: ", t.getMin().getLabel()))
t.delete(13)
t.delete(10)
t.delete(8)
t.delete(3)
t.delete(6)
t.delete(14)
#Gets all the elements of the tree In pre order
#And it prints them
list = t.traversalTree(InPreOrder, t.root)
for x in list:
print(x)
if __name__ == "__main__":
testBinarySearchTree()
答案 13 :(得分：0)
此实现支持插入，查找和删除操作，而不会破坏树的结构。这不是一棵平衡的树。
# Class for construct the nodes of the tree. (Subtrees)
class Node:
def __init__(self, key, parent_node = None):
self.left = None
self.right = None
self.key = key
if parent_node == None:
self.parent = self
else:
self.parent = parent_node
# Class with the structure of the tree.
# This Tree is not balanced.
class Tree:
def __init__(self):
self.root = None
# Insert a single element
def insert(self, x):
if(self.root == None):
self.root = Node(x)
else:
self._insert(x, self.root)
def _insert(self, x, node):
if(x < node.key):
if(node.left == None):
node.left = Node(x, node)
else:
self._insert(x, node.left)
else:
if(node.right == None):
node.right = Node(x, node)
else:
self._insert(x, node.right)
# Given a element, return a node in the tree with key x.
def find(self, x):
if(self.root == None):
return None
else:
return self._find(x, self.root)
def _find(self, x, node):
if(x == node.key):
return node
elif(x < node.key):
if(node.left == None):
return None
else:
return self._find(x, node.left)
elif(x > node.key):
if(node.right == None):
return None
else:
return self._find(x, node.right)
# Given a node, return the node in the tree with the next largest element.
def next(self, node):
if node.right != None:
return self._left_descendant(node.right)
else:
return self._right_ancestor(node)
def _left_descendant(self, node):
if node.left == None:
return node
else:
return self._left_descendant(node.left)
def _right_ancestor(self, node):
if node.key <= node.parent.key:
return node.parent
else:
return self._right_ancestor(node.parent)
# Delete an element of the tree
def delete(self, x):
node = self.find(x)
if node == None:
print(x, "isn't in the tree")
else:
if node.right == None:
if node.left == None:
if node.key < node.parent.key:
node.parent.left = None
del node # Clean garbage
else:
node.parent.right = None
del Node # Clean garbage
else:
node.key = node.left.key
node.left = None
else:
x = self.next(node)
node.key = x.key
x = None
# tests
t = Tree()
t.insert(5)
t.insert(8)
t.insert(3)
t.insert(4)
t.insert(6)
t.insert(2)
t.delete(8)
t.delete(5)
t.insert(9)
t.insert(1)
t.delete(2)
t.delete(100)
# Remember: Find method return the node object.
# To return a number use t.find(nº).key
# But it will cause an error if the number is not in the tree.
print(t.find(5))
print(t.find(8))
print(t.find(4))
print(t.find(6))
print(t.find(9))
答案 14 :(得分：0)
我想展示@apadana方法的一种变体，当有大量节点时，它会更有用：
'''
Suppose we have the following tree
10
/ \
11 9
/ \ / \
7 12 15 8
'''
# Step 1 - Create nodes - Use a list instead of defining each node separately
nlist = [10,11,7,9,15,8,12]; n = []
for i in range(len(nlist)): n.append(Node(nlist[i]))
# Step 2 - Set each node position
n[0].left = n[1]
n[1].left = n[2]
n[0].right = n[3]
n[3].left = n[4]
n[3].right = n[5]
n[1].right = n[6]
答案 15 :(得分：0)
class Node:
"""
single Node for tree
"""
def __init__(self, data):
self.data = data
self.right = None
self.left = None
class binaryTree:
"""
binary tree implementation
"""
def __init__(self):
self.root = None
def push(self, element, node=None):
if node is None:
node = self.root
if self.root is None:
self.root = Node(element)
else:
if element < node.data:
if node.left is not None:
self.push(element, node.left)
else:
node.left = Node(element)
else:
if node.right is not None:
self.push(element, node.right)
else:
node.right = Node(element)
def __str__(self):
self.printInorder(self.root)
return "\n"
def printInorder(self, node):
"""
print tree in inorder
"""
if node is not None:
self.printInorder(node.left)
print(node.data)
self.printInorder(node.right)
def main():
"""
Main code and logic comes here
"""
tree = binaryTree()
tree.push(5)
tree.push(3)
tree.push(1)
tree.push(3)
tree.push(0)
tree.push(2)
tree.push(9)
tree.push(10)
print(tree)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
答案 16 :(得分：0)
您可以在 Python 中以 OOP 方式（或构建类）创建自己的 BinaryTree 数据结构。 您可以在这里分离两个类：Node 和 BinaryTree。 “Node”类将负责为 BinaryTree 创建单独的节点对象，而“BinaryTree”类是在“Node”类之上实现二叉树所需的。
这是我当时学习时编写的代码：
class TreeNode:
def __init__(self, data=None):
self.data = data
self.left = None
self.right = None
def __str__(self):
return f'Node(Data={self.data}, Left={self.left}, Right={self.right})'
def __repr__(self):
return self.__str__()
def get_data(self):
return self.data
def set_data(self, data):
self.data = data
def get_left(self):
return self.left
def set_left(self, left):
self.left = left
def get_right(self):
return self.right
def set_right(self, right):
self.right = right
class BinaryTree:
def __init__(self, root=None):
self.root = TreeNode(root)
def __str__(self):
return f'BinaryTree({self.root})'
def __repr__(self):
return f'BinaryTree({self.root})'
def insert(self, data):
# if empty tree
if self.root.get_data() is None:
return self.root.set_data(data)
new_node = TreeNode(data)
current = self.root
while True:
if data < current.get_data():
if current.get_left() is None:
return current.set_left(new_node)
current = current.get_left()
continue
elif data > current.get_data():
if current.get_right() is None:
return current.set_right(new_node)
current = current.get_right()
continue
return
# still needs other methods like the delete method, but you can
# try it out yourself
def delete(self, node):
pass
def main():
myTree = BinaryTree()
myTree.insert(5)
myTree.insert(3)
myTree.insert(4)
myTree.insert(2)
myTree.insert(8)
myTree.insert(9)
myTree.insert(6)
print(myTree)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
答案 17 :(得分：0)
按照节点的顺序，左孩子在右孩子之前。
每个节点都被认为是左右树的根节点。编写一个类来轻松创建节点：
class _Node:
#slots are class level member,efficiently allocates memory for instance variables
__slots__='_element','_left','_right'
def __init__(self,element,left=None,right=None):
# left is not a node, left is the left sub Binary Tree
# right is the right sub Binary Tree
self._element=element
self._left=left
self._right=right
这里我们编写了 Binary 类：
class BinaryTree:
def __init__(self):
self._root=None
def make_tree(self,e,left,right): # left=left-subtree, right=right-subtree
# we start the tree from leaf nodes.. since it has no left and right subtrees, left and right null
# x.maketree(B,null,null)=[Q,B,Q] this is node x
# y.maketree(C,null,null)=[Q,C,Q]
# z.maketree(A,x,y) "z" is the parent of "x" and "y"
# each node is the root of the binary tree
# each subtree is also considered to be Binary Tree
self._root=_Node(e,left._root,right._root)
# inorder similar to infix:A+B. visit left first, then root, then right
def inorder(self,troot):
if troot:
self.inorder(troot._left)
print(troot._element,end=' ')
self.inorder(troot._right)
# preorder similar to prefix. +AB, visit root first,then left, then right
def preorder(self,troot):
if troot:
print(troot._element,end=' ')
self.preorder(troot._left)
self.preorder(troot._right)
# postorder similar to postfix. left first, then right, then root
def postorder(self,troot):
if troot:
self.postorder(troot._left)
self.postorder(troot._right)
print(troot._element,end=' ')
# count the number of nodes recursively
# recursive calls break the problem into smallest sub problems
# we are recursively asking each node, how many children does each node have
# if a node does not have any child, we count that node, that is why add +1. x+y+1
def count(self,troot):
if troot:
x=self.count(troot._left)
print("x",x)
y=self.count(troot._right)
print("y",y)
print("x+y",x+y)
# we add +1 because we have to count the root
return x+y+1
return 0
def height(self,troot):
if troot:
x=self.height(troot._left)
y=self.height(troot._right)
if x>y:
return x+1
else:
return y+1
return 0
现在创建二叉树：
创建 6 个子二叉树
x=BinaryTree()
y=BinaryTree()
z=BinaryTree()
r=BinaryTree()
s=BinaryTree()
t=BinaryTree()
a=BinaryTree() # null binary tree
首先制作叶子节点，40 和 60
# if a tree has only root node, it is still binary tree
x.make_tree(40,a,a)
y.make_tree(60,a,a)
创建内部节点
z.make_tree(20,x,a) #left internal
r.make_tree(50,a,y) #right internal
s.make_tree(30,r,a)
t.make_tree(10,z,s)
答案 18 :(得分：-1)
这是一个简单的解决方案，可用于通过递归方法构建二叉树，以在下面的代码中使用遍历的顺序来显示树。
class Node(object):
def __init__(self):
self.left = None
self.right = None
self.value = None
@property
def get_value(self):
return self.value
@property
def get_left(self):
return self.left
@property
def get_right(self):
return self.right
@get_left.setter
def set_left(self, left_node):
self.left = left_node
@get_value.setter
def set_value(self, value):
self.value = value
@get_right.setter
def set_right(self, right_node):
self.right = right_node
def create_tree(self):
_node = Node() #creating new node.
_x = input("Enter the node data(-1 for null)")
if(_x == str(-1)): #for defining no child.
return None
_node.set_value = _x #setting the value of the node.
print("Enter the left child of {}".format(_x))
_node.set_left = self.create_tree() #setting the left subtree
print("Enter the right child of {}".format(_x))
_node.set_right = self.create_tree() #setting the right subtree.
return _node
def pre_order(self, root):
if root is not None:
print(root.get_value)
self.pre_order(root.get_left)
self.pre_order(root.get_right)
if __name__ == '__main__':
node = Node()
root_node = node.create_tree()
node.pre_order(root_node)
答案 19 :(得分：-1)
Python中的二进制树
class Tree(object):
def __init__(self):
self.data=None
self.left=None
self.right=None
def insert(self, x, root):
if root==None:
t=node(x)
t.data=x
t.right=None
t.left=None
root=t
return root
elif x<root.data:
root.left=self.insert(x, root.left)
else:
root.right=self.insert(x, root.right)
return root
def printTree(self, t):
if t==None:
return
self.printTree(t.left)
print t.data
self.printTree(t.right)
class node(object):
def __init__(self, x):
self.x=x
bt=Tree()
root=None
n=int(raw_input())
a=[]
for i in range(n):
a.append(int(raw_input()))
for i in range(n):
root=bt.insert(a[i], root)
bt.printTree(root)
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