如果没有本地访问服务器，有没有办法在不使用mysqldump的情况下将MySQL数据库（包含内容和没有内容）复制/克隆到另一个数据库中？
我目前正在使用MySQL 4.0。
答案 0 :(得分：682)
我可以看到你说你不想使用mysqldump，但我在寻找类似的解决方案时到达了这个页面，其他人也可能会找到它。考虑到这一点，这是从Windows服务器的命令行复制数据库的简单方法：
db2是目标数据库，其中将复制源数据库db1。 mysqldump -h [server] -u [user] -p[password] db1 | mysql -h [server] -u [user] -p[password] db2
注意：-p和[password]
答案 1 :(得分：133)
您可以通过运行以下方式复制没有数据的表：
CREATE TABLE x LIKE y;
（请参阅MySQL CREATE TABLE文档）
您可以编写一个脚本，从一个数据库获取SHOW TABLES的输出，并将架构复制到另一个数据库。您应该能够引用模式+表名称，如：
CREATE TABLE x LIKE other_db.y;
就数据而言，您也可以在MySQL中执行此操作，但它不一定快。创建引用后，可以运行以下命令来复制数据：
INSERT INTO x SELECT * FROM other_db.y;
如果您正在使用MyISAM，最好复制表格文件;它会快得多。如果您将INNODB与per table table spaces一起使用，您应该可以这样做。
如果你最终要做INSERT INTO SELECT，请务必ALTER TABLE x DISABLE KEYS暂时turn off indexes！
编辑 Maatkit也有一些脚本可能有助于同步数据。它可能不会更快，但你可以在没有太多锁定的情况下在实时数据上运行它们的同步脚本。
答案 2 :(得分：58)
如果您使用的是Linux，则可以使用此bash脚本： （它可能需要一些额外的代码清理，但它的工作原理......它比mysqldump | mysql快得多）
#!/bin/bash
DBUSER=user
DBPASSWORD=pwd
DBSNAME=sourceDb
DBNAME=destinationDb
DBSERVER=db.example.com
fCreateTable=""
fInsertData=""
echo "Copying database ... (may take a while ...)"
DBCONN="-h ${DBSERVER} -u ${DBUSER} --password=${DBPASSWORD}"
echo "DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS ${DBNAME}" | mysql ${DBCONN}
echo "CREATE DATABASE ${DBNAME}" | mysql ${DBCONN}
for TABLE in `echo "SHOW TABLES" | mysql $DBCONN $DBSNAME | tail -n +2`; do
createTable=`echo "SHOW CREATE TABLE ${TABLE}"|mysql -B -r $DBCONN $DBSNAME|tail -n +2|cut -f 2-`
fCreateTable="${fCreateTable} ; ${createTable}"
insertData="INSERT INTO ${DBNAME}.${TABLE} SELECT * FROM ${DBSNAME}.${TABLE}"
fInsertData="${fInsertData} ; ${insertData}"
done;
echo "$fCreateTable ; $fInsertData" | mysql $DBCONN $DBNAME
答案 3 :(得分：11)
在PHP中：
function cloneDatabase($dbName, $newDbName){
global $admin;
$db_check = @mysql_select_db ( $dbName );
$getTables = $admin->query("SHOW TABLES");
$tables = array();
while($row = mysql_fetch_row($getTables)){
$tables[] = $row[0];
}
$createTable = mysql_query("CREATE DATABASE `$newDbName` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;") or die(mysql_error());
foreach($tables as $cTable){
$db_check = @mysql_select_db ( $newDbName );
$create = $admin->query("CREATE TABLE $cTable LIKE ".$dbName.".".$cTable);
if(!$create) {
$error = true;
}
$insert = $admin->query("INSERT INTO $cTable SELECT * FROM ".$dbName.".".$cTable);
}
return !isset($error);
}
// usage
$clone = cloneDatabase('dbname','newdbname'); // first: toCopy, second: new database
答案 4 :(得分：2)
注意有一个mysqldbcopy命令作为添加mysql实用程序的一部分.... https://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql-utilities/1.5/en/utils-task-clone-db.html
答案 5 :(得分：2)
我真的不知道“本地访问”是什么意思。 但是对于该解决方案，您需要能够通过ssh服务器访问复制存储数据库的文件。
我不能使用mysqldump，因为我的数据库很大（7Go，mysqldump失败） 如果2 mysql数据库的版本太不同可能无效，你可以使用mysql -V检查你的mysql版本。
1）将数据从远程服务器复制到本地计算机（vps是远程服务器的别名，可以用root@1.2.3.4替换）
ssh vps:/etc/init.d/mysql stop
scp -rC vps:/var/lib/mysql/ /tmp/var_lib_mysql
ssh vps:/etc/init.d/apache2 start
2）导入本地计算机上复制的数据
/etc/init.d/mysql stop
sudo chown -R mysql:mysql /tmp/var_lib_mysql
sudo nano /etc/mysql/my.cnf
-> [mysqld]
-> datadir=/tmp/var_lib_mysql
/etc/init.d/mysql start
如果您的版本不同，则可能需要运行
/etc/init.d/mysql stop
mysql_upgrade -u root -pPASSWORD --force #that step took almost 1hrs
/etc/init.d/mysql start
答案 6 :(得分：1)
所有先前的解决方案都略有不同，但是，他们只是不会复制一切。我创建了一个PHP函数（尽管有点冗长），它复制了包括表，外键，数据，视图，过程，函数，触发器和事件在内的所有内容。这是代码：
/* This function takes the database connection, an existing database, and the new database and duplicates everything in the new database. */
function copyDatabase($c, $oldDB, $newDB) {
// creates the schema if it does not exist
$schema = "CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS {$newDB};";
mysqli_query($c, $schema);
// selects the new schema
mysqli_select_db($c, $newDB);
// gets all tables in the old schema
$tables = "SELECT table_name
FROM information_schema.tables
WHERE table_schema = '{$oldDB}'
AND table_type = 'BASE TABLE'";
$results = mysqli_query($c, $tables);
// checks if any tables were returned and recreates them in the new schema, adds the foreign keys, and inserts the associated data
if (mysqli_num_rows($results) > 0) {
// recreates all tables first
while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($results)) {
$table = "CREATE TABLE {$newDB}.{$row[0]} LIKE {$oldDB}.{$row[0]}";
mysqli_query($c, $table);
}
// resets the results to loop through again
mysqli_data_seek($results, 0);
// loops through each table to add foreign key and insert data
while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($results)) {
// inserts the data into each table
$data = "INSERT IGNORE INTO {$newDB}.{$row[0]} SELECT * FROM {$oldDB}.{$row[0]}";
mysqli_query($c, $data);
// gets all foreign keys for a particular table in the old schema
$fks = "SELECT constraint_name, column_name, table_name, referenced_table_name, referenced_column_name
FROM information_schema.key_column_usage
WHERE referenced_table_name IS NOT NULL
AND table_schema = '{$oldDB}'
AND table_name = '{$row[0]}'";
$fkResults = mysqli_query($c, $fks);
// checks if any foreign keys were returned and recreates them in the new schema
// Note: ON UPDATE and ON DELETE are not pulled from the original so you would have to change this to your liking
if (mysqli_num_rows($fkResults) > 0) {
while ($fkRow = mysqli_fetch_array($fkResults)) {
$fkQuery = "ALTER TABLE {$newDB}.{$row[0]}
ADD CONSTRAINT {$fkRow[0]}
FOREIGN KEY ({$fkRow[1]}) REFERENCES {$newDB}.{$fkRow[3]}({$fkRow[1]})
ON UPDATE CASCADE
ON DELETE CASCADE;";
mysqli_query($c, $fkQuery);
}
}
}
}
// gets all views in the old schema
$views = "SHOW FULL TABLES IN {$oldDB} WHERE table_type LIKE 'VIEW'";
$results = mysqli_query($c, $views);
// checks if any views were returned and recreates them in the new schema
if (mysqli_num_rows($results) > 0) {
while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($results)) {
$view = "SHOW CREATE VIEW {$oldDB}.{$row[0]}";
$viewResults = mysqli_query($c, $view);
$viewRow = mysqli_fetch_array($viewResults);
mysqli_query($c, preg_replace("/CREATE(.*?)VIEW/", "CREATE VIEW", str_replace($oldDB, $newDB, $viewRow[1])));
}
}
// gets all triggers in the old schema
$triggers = "SELECT trigger_name, action_timing, event_manipulation, event_object_table, created
FROM information_schema.triggers
WHERE trigger_schema = '{$oldDB}'";
$results = mysqli_query($c, $triggers);
// checks if any triggers were returned and recreates them in the new schema
if (mysqli_num_rows($results) > 0) {
while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($results)) {
$trigger = "SHOW CREATE TRIGGER {$oldDB}.{$row[0]}";
$triggerResults = mysqli_query($c, $trigger);
$triggerRow = mysqli_fetch_array($triggerResults);
mysqli_query($c, str_replace($oldDB, $newDB, $triggerRow[2]));
}
}
// gets all procedures in the old schema
$procedures = "SHOW PROCEDURE STATUS WHERE db = '{$oldDB}'";
$results = mysqli_query($c, $procedures);
// checks if any procedures were returned and recreates them in the new schema
if (mysqli_num_rows($results) > 0) {
while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($results)) {
$procedure = "SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE {$oldDB}.{$row[1]}";
$procedureResults = mysqli_query($c, $procedure);
$procedureRow = mysqli_fetch_array($procedureResults);
mysqli_query($c, str_replace($oldDB, $newDB, $procedureRow[2]));
}
}
// gets all functions in the old schema
$functions = "SHOW FUNCTION STATUS WHERE db = '{$oldDB}'";
$results = mysqli_query($c, $functions);
// checks if any functions were returned and recreates them in the new schema
if (mysqli_num_rows($results) > 0) {
while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($results)) {
$function = "SHOW CREATE FUNCTION {$oldDB}.{$row[1]}";
$functionResults = mysqli_query($c, $function);
$functionRow = mysqli_fetch_array($functionResults);
mysqli_query($c, str_replace($oldDB, $newDB, $functionRow[2]));
}
}
// selects the old schema (a must for copying events)
mysqli_select_db($c, $oldDB);
// gets all events in the old schema
$query = "SHOW EVENTS
WHERE db = '{$oldDB}';";
$results = mysqli_query($c, $query);
// selects the new schema again
mysqli_select_db($c, $newDB);
// checks if any events were returned and recreates them in the new schema
if (mysqli_num_rows($results) > 0) {
while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($results)) {
$event = "SHOW CREATE EVENT {$oldDB}.{$row[1]}";
$eventResults = mysqli_query($c, $event);
$eventRow = mysqli_fetch_array($eventResults);
mysqli_query($c, str_replace($oldDB, $newDB, $eventRow[3]));
}
}
}
答案 7 :(得分：0)
在没有mysqldump的情况下克隆数据库表的最佳方法：
使用查询创建克隆查询：
SET @NewSchema = 'your_new_db';
SET @OldSchema = 'your_exists_db';
SELECT CONCAT('CREATE TABLE ',@NewSchema,'.',table_name, ' LIKE ', TABLE_SCHEMA ,'.',table_name,';INSERT INTO ',@NewSchema,'.',table_name,' SELECT * FROM ', TABLE_SCHEMA ,'.',table_name,';')
FROM information_schema.TABLES where TABLE_SCHEMA = @OldSchema AND TABLE_TYPE != 'VIEW';
运行该输出！
但请注意，上面的脚本只是快速克隆表 - 而不是视图，触发器和用户函数：您可以通过mysqldump --no-data --triggers -uroot -ppassword快速获取结构，然后使用仅克隆插入语句。
为什么这是实际问题？因为如果DB超过2Gb，上传mysqldumps是非常慢的。并且您无法通过复制数据库文件（如快照备份）来克隆InnoDB表。
答案 8 :(得分：0)
创建SQL命令以复制行：
select @fromdb:="crm";
select @todb:="crmen";
SET group_concat_max_len=100000000;
SELECT GROUP_CONCAT( concat("CREATE TABLE `",@todb,"`.`",table_name,"` LIKE `",@fromdb,"`.`",table_name,"`;\n",
"INSERT INTO `",@todb,"`.`",table_name,"` SELECT * FROM `",@fromdb,"`.`",table_name,"`;")
SEPARATOR '\n\n')
as sqlstatement
FROM information_schema.tables where table_schema=@fromdb and TABLE_TYPE='BASE TABLE';
答案 9 :(得分：0)
实际上，我想用PHP来实现这一点，但是这里没有一个答案很有帮助，所以这是我的–非常简单的–使用MySQLi的解决方案：
// Database variables
$DB_HOST = 'localhost';
$DB_USER = 'root';
$DB_PASS = '1234';
$DB_SRC = 'existing_db';
$DB_DST = 'newly_created_db';
// MYSQL Connect
$mysqli = new mysqli( $DB_HOST, $DB_USER, $DB_PASS ) or die( $mysqli->error );
// Create destination database
$mysqli->query( "CREATE DATABASE $DB_DST" ) or die( $mysqli->error );
// Iterate through tables of source database
$tables = $mysqli->query( "SHOW TABLES FROM $DB_SRC" ) or die( $mysqli->error );
while( $table = $tables->fetch_array() ): $TABLE = $table[0];
// Copy table and contents in destination database
$mysqli->query( "CREATE TABLE $DB_DST.$TABLE LIKE $DB_SRC.$TABLE" ) or die( $mysqli->error );
$mysqli->query( "INSERT INTO $DB_DST.$TABLE SELECT * FROM $DB_SRC.$TABLE" ) or die( $mysqli->error );
endwhile;
答案 10 :(得分：-2)
Mysqldump并不是一个不错的解决方案。复制数据库的最简单方法：
mysqldump -uusername -ppass dbname1 | mysql -uusername -ppass dbname2
此外，您可以通过以下方式更改存储引擎：
mysqldump -uusername -ppass dbname1 | sed 's/InnoDB/RocksDB/' | mysql -uusername -ppass dbname2