我正在使用状态图像来伪造标准列表视图控件的每一列中的复选框，而我在Windows XP上遇到一个我不理解的奇怪异常：状态图像的左上角像素无论图像实际是什么，1都是白色。
Here's a (zoomed in) example.您会注意到第一张图片的左上角像素是空白的。
我为第一个状态图像绘制哪个状态无关紧要（在下面的同一个程序中更改themestates数组的第一个元素以便自己查看）;所有看起来很重要的是，这只发生在状态图像1（HIMAGELIST中的索引0）。
下面的示例程序演示了这种行为（所以我知道不是我不小心覆盖了我库中另一部分的内存，至少???）。
发生了什么事？感谢。
// 27 august 2014
// modified from winstateimglist.c 17 august 2014
// scratch Windows program by pietro gagliardi 17 april 2014
// fixed typos and added toWideString() 1 may 2014
// borrows code from the scratch GTK+ program (16-17 april 2014) and from code written 31 march 2014 and 11-12 april 2014
#define _UNICODE
#define UNICODE
#define STRICT
#define _GNU_SOURCE // needed to declare asprintf()/vasprintf()
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <commctrl.h> // needed for InitCommonControlsEx() (thanks Xeek in irc.freenode.net/#winapi for confirming)
#include <uxtheme.h>
#include <vsstyle.h>
#include <vssym32.h>
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#error sorry! the scratch windows program relies on mingw-only functionality! (specifically: asprintf())
#endif
HMODULE hInstance;
HICON hDefaultIcon;
HCURSOR hDefaultCursor;
HFONT controlfont;
void panic(char *fmt, ...);
TCHAR *toWideString(char *what);
void init(void);
LRESULT CALLBACK wndproc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wparam, LPARAM lparam)
{
NMHDR *nmhdr = (NMHDR *) lparam;
NMLVDISPINFOW *fill = (NMLVDISPINFO *) lparam;
switch (msg) {
case WM_NOTIFY:
if (nmhdr->code == LVN_GETDISPINFO) {
if (fill->item.iSubItem == 0) {
fill->item.state = INDEXTOSTATEIMAGEMASK(fill->item.iItem + 1);
fill->item.stateMask = LVIS_STATEIMAGEMASK;
} else
fill->item.pszText = L"No State Image Here";
return 0;
}
return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam);
case WM_CLOSE:
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
default:
return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam);
}
panic("oops: message %ud does not return anything; bug in wndproc()", msg);
}
HWND makeMainWindow(void)
{
WNDCLASS cls;
HWND hwnd;
ZeroMemory(&cls, sizeof (WNDCLASS));
cls.lpszClassName = L"mainwin";
cls.lpfnWndProc = wndproc;
cls.hInstance = hInstance;
cls.hIcon = hDefaultIcon;
cls.hCursor = hDefaultCursor;
cls.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) (COLOR_BTNFACE + 1);
if (RegisterClass(&cls) == 0)
panic("error registering window class");
hwnd = CreateWindowEx(0,
L"mainwin", L"Main Window",
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
300, 300,
NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);
if (hwnd == NULL)
panic("opening main window failed");
return hwnd;
}
void buildUI(HWND mainwin)
{
#define CSTYLE (WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE)
#define CXSTYLE (0)
#define SETFONT(hwnd) SendMessage(hwnd, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM) controlfont, (LPARAM) TRUE);
HWND lv;
LVCOLUMN column;
HIMAGELIST imglist;
lv = CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE | CXSTYLE,
WC_LISTVIEW, L"",
LVS_REPORT | LVS_OWNERDATA | LVS_NOSORTHEADER | LVS_SHOWSELALWAYS | WS_HSCROLL | WS_VSCROLL | WS_TABSTOP | CSTYLE,
10, 10, 250, 250,
mainwin, (HMENU) 100, hInstance, NULL);
if (lv == NULL)
panic("error making list view");
SETFONT(lv);
SendMessageW(lv, LVM_SETEXTENDEDLISTVIEWSTYLE,
LVS_EX_FULLROWSELECT | LVS_EX_SUBITEMIMAGES,
LVS_EX_FULLROWSELECT | LVS_EX_SUBITEMIMAGES);
// error checking elided from this point to where otherwise noted
HTHEME theme = NULL;
HIMAGELIST makeCheckboxImageList(HWND hwnddc, HTHEME *theme);
SendMessageW(lv, LVM_SETIMAGELIST, LVSIL_STATE, (LPARAM) makeCheckboxImageList(lv, &theme));
ZeroMemory(&column, sizeof (LVCOLUMN));
column.mask = LVCF_FMT | LVCF_TEXT | LVCF_SUBITEM | LVCF_ORDER;
column.fmt = LVCFMT_LEFT;
column.pszText = L"State Image";
column.iSubItem = 0;
column.iOrder = 0;
SendMessageW(lv, LVM_INSERTCOLUMN, 0, (LPARAM) (&column));
ZeroMemory(&column, sizeof (LVCOLUMN));
column.mask = LVCF_FMT | LVCF_TEXT | LVCF_SUBITEM | LVCF_ORDER;
column.fmt = LVCFMT_LEFT;
column.pszText = L"No State Image";
column.iSubItem = 1;
column.iOrder = 1;
SendMessageW(lv, LVM_INSERTCOLUMN, 1, (LPARAM) (&column));
// end of error eliding
if (SendMessageW(lv, LVM_SETCALLBACKMASK, LVIS_STATEIMAGEMASK, 0) == FALSE)
panic("error marking state image list as application-managed");
if (SendMessageW(lv, LVM_SETITEMCOUNT, 8, 0) == 0)
panic("error setting number of items in list view");
}
void firstShowWindow(HWND hwnd);
int main(void)
{
HWND mainwin;
MSG msg;
init();
mainwin = makeMainWindow();
buildUI(mainwin);
firstShowWindow(mainwin);
for (;;) {
BOOL gmret;
gmret = GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0);
if (gmret == -1)
panic("error getting message");
if (gmret == 0)
break;
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
return 0;
}
DWORD iccFlags =
// ICC_ANIMATE_CLASS | // animation control
// ICC_BAR_CLASSES | // toolbar, statusbar, trackbar, tooltip
// ICC_COOL_CLASSES | // rebar
// ICC_DATE_CLASSES | // date and time picker
// ICC_HOTKEY_CLASS | // hot key
// ICC_INTERNET_CLASSES | // IP address entry field
// ICC_LINK_CLASS | // hyperlink
ICC_LISTVIEW_CLASSES | // list-view, header
// ICC_NATIVEFNTCTL_CLASS | // native font
// ICC_PAGESCROLLER_CLASS | // pager
// ICC_PROGRESS_CLASS | // progress bar
// ICC_STANDARD_CLASSES | // "one of the intrinsic User32 control classes"
// ICC_TAB_CLASSES | // tab, tooltip
// ICC_TREEVIEW_CLASSES | // tree-view, tooltip
// ICC_UPDOWN_CLASS | // up-down
// ICC_USEREX_CLASSES | // ComboBoxEx
// ICC_WIN95_CLASSES | // some of the above
0;
void init(void)
{
INITCOMMONCONTROLSEX icc;
NONCLIENTMETRICS ncm;
hInstance = GetModuleHandle(NULL);
if (hInstance == NULL)
panic("error getting hInstance");
hDefaultIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPLICATION));
if (hDefaultIcon == NULL)
panic("error getting default window class icon");
hDefaultCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_ARROW));
if (hDefaultCursor == NULL)
panic("error getting default window cursor");
icc.dwSize = sizeof (INITCOMMONCONTROLSEX);
icc.dwICC = iccFlags;
if (InitCommonControlsEx(&icc) == FALSE)
panic("error initializing Common Controls");
ncm.cbSize = sizeof (NONCLIENTMETRICS);
if (SystemParametersInfo(SPI_GETNONCLIENTMETRICS,
sizeof (NONCLIENTMETRICS), &ncm, 0) == 0)
panic("error getting non-client metrics for getting control font");
controlfont = CreateFontIndirect(&ncm.lfMessageFont);
if (controlfont == NULL)
panic("error getting control font");
}
void panic(char *fmt, ...)
{
char *msg;
TCHAR *lerrmsg;
char *fullmsg;
va_list arg;
DWORD lasterr;
DWORD lerrsuccess;
lasterr = GetLastError();
va_start(arg, fmt);
if (vasprintf(&msg, fmt, arg) == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "critical error: vasprintf() failed in panic() preparing panic message; fmt = \"%s\"\n", fmt);
abort();
}
// according to http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms680582%28v=vs.85%29.aspx
lerrsuccess = FormatMessage(FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER | FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM | FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,
NULL, lasterr,
MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL, SUBLANG_DEFAULT),
(LPTSTR) &lerrmsg, 0, NULL);
if (lerrsuccess == 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "critical error: FormatMessage() failed in panic() preparing GetLastError() string; panic message = \"%s\", last error in panic(): %ld, last error from FormatMessage(): %ld\n", msg, lasterr, GetLastError());
abort();
}
// note to self: use %ws instead of %S (thanks jon_y in irc.oftc.net/#mingw-w64)
if (asprintf(&fullmsg, "panic: %s\nlast error: %ws\n", msg, lerrmsg) == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "critical error: asprintf() failed in panic() preparing full report; panic message = \"%s\", last error message: \"%ws\"\n", msg, lerrmsg);
abort();
}
fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", fullmsg);
va_end(arg);
exit(1);
}
void firstShowWindow(HWND hwnd)
{
// we need to get nCmdShow
int nCmdShow;
STARTUPINFO si;
nCmdShow = SW_SHOWDEFAULT;
GetStartupInfo(&si);
if ((si.dwFlags & STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW) != 0)
nCmdShow = si.wShowWindow;
ShowWindow(hwnd, nCmdShow);
if (UpdateWindow(hwnd) == 0)
panic("UpdateWindow(hwnd) failed in first show");
}
TCHAR *toWideString(char *what)
{
TCHAR *buf;
int n;
size_t len;
len = strlen(what);
if (len == 0) {
buf = (TCHAR *) malloc(sizeof (TCHAR));
if (buf == NULL)
goto mallocfail;
buf[0] = L'\0';
} else {
n = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, what, -1, NULL, 0);
if (n == 0)
panic("error getting number of bytes to convert \"%s\" to UTF-16", what);
buf = (TCHAR *) malloc((n + 1) * sizeof (TCHAR));
if (buf == NULL)
goto mallocfail;
if (MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, what, -1, buf, n) == 0)
panic("erorr converting \"%s\" to UTF-16", what);
}
return buf;
mallocfail:
panic("error allocating memory for UTF-16 version of \"%s\"", what);
}
#define checkboxnStates 8
static int themestates[checkboxnStates] = {
CBS_UNCHECKEDNORMAL, // 0
CBS_CHECKEDNORMAL, // checked
CBS_UNCHECKEDHOT, // hot
CBS_CHECKEDHOT, // checked | hot
CBS_UNCHECKEDPRESSED, // pushed
CBS_CHECKEDPRESSED, // checked | pushed
CBS_UNCHECKEDPRESSED, // hot | pushed
CBS_CHECKEDPRESSED, // checked | hot | pushed
};
static SIZE getStateSize(HDC dc, int cbState, HTHEME theme)
{
SIZE s;
HRESULT res;
res = GetThemePartSize(theme, dc, BP_CHECKBOX, themestates[cbState], NULL, TS_DRAW, &s);
if (res != S_OK)
panic("error getting theme part size; HRESULT: %x", res);
return s;
}
static void themeImage(HDC dc, RECT *r, int cbState, HTHEME theme)
{
HRESULT res;
res = DrawThemeBackground(theme, dc, BP_CHECKBOX, themestates[cbState], r, NULL);
if (res != S_OK)
panic("error drawing checkbox image; HRESULT: %x", res);
}
static void themeSize(HDC dc, int *width, int *height, HTHEME theme)
{
SIZE size;
int cbState;
size = getStateSize(dc, 0, theme);
for (cbState = 1; cbState < checkboxnStates; cbState++) {
SIZE against;
against = getStateSize(dc, cbState, theme);
if (size.cx != against.cx || size.cy != against.cy)
panic("size mismatch in checkbox states");
}
*width = (int) size.cx;
*height = (int) size.cy;
}
static HBITMAP makeCheckboxImageListEntry(HDC dc, int width, int height, int cbState, void (*drawfunc)(HDC, RECT *, int, HTHEME), HTHEME theme)
{
BITMAPINFO bi;
VOID *ppvBits;
HBITMAP bitmap;
RECT r;
HDC drawDC;
HBITMAP prevbitmap;
r.left = 0;
r.top = 0;
r.right = width;
r.bottom = height;
ZeroMemory(&bi, sizeof (BITMAPINFO));
bi.bmiHeader.biSize = sizeof (BITMAPINFOHEADER);
bi.bmiHeader.biWidth = (LONG) width;
bi.bmiHeader.biHeight = -((LONG) height); // negative height to force top-down drawing;
bi.bmiHeader.biPlanes = 1;
bi.bmiHeader.biBitCount = 32;
bi.bmiHeader.biCompression = BI_RGB;
bi.bmiHeader.biSizeImage = (DWORD) (width * height * 4);
bitmap = CreateDIBSection(NULL, &bi, DIB_RGB_COLORS, &ppvBits, 0, 0);
if (bitmap == NULL)
panic("error creating HBITMAP for unscaled ImageList image copy");
drawDC = CreateCompatibleDC(dc);
if (drawDC == NULL)
panic("error getting DC for checkbox image list bitmap");
prevbitmap = SelectObject(drawDC, bitmap);
if (prevbitmap == NULL)
panic("error selecting checkbox image list bitmap into DC");
(*drawfunc)(drawDC, &r, cbState, theme);
if (SelectObject(drawDC, prevbitmap) != bitmap)
panic("error selecting previous bitmap into checkbox image's DC");
if (DeleteDC(drawDC) == 0)
panic("error deleting checkbox image's DC");
return bitmap;
}
static HIMAGELIST newCheckboxImageList(HWND hwnddc, void (*sizefunc)(HDC, int *, int *, HTHEME), void (*drawfunc)(HDC, RECT *, int, HTHEME), HTHEME theme)
{
int width, height;
int cbState;
HDC dc;
HIMAGELIST il;
dc = GetDC(hwnddc);
if (dc == NULL)
panic("error getting DC for making the checkbox image list");
(*sizefunc)(dc, &width, &height, theme);
il = ImageList_Create(width, height, ILC_COLOR32, 20, 20); // should be reasonable
if (il == NULL)
panic("error creating checkbox image list");
for (cbState = 0; cbState < checkboxnStates; cbState++) {
HBITMAP bitmap;
bitmap = makeCheckboxImageListEntry(dc, width, height, cbState, drawfunc, theme);
if (ImageList_Add(il, bitmap, NULL) == -1)
panic("error adding checkbox image to image list");
if (DeleteObject(bitmap) == 0)
panic("error deleting checkbox bitmap");
}
if (ReleaseDC(hwnddc, dc) == 0)
panic("error deleting checkbox image list DC");
return il;
}
HIMAGELIST makeCheckboxImageList(HWND hwnddc, HTHEME *theme)
{
if (*theme != NULL) {
HRESULT res;
res = CloseThemeData(*theme);
if (res != S_OK)
panic("error closing theme; HRESULT: %x", res);
*theme = NULL;
}
// ignore error; if it can't be done, we can fall back to DrawFrameControl()
if (*theme == NULL) // try to open the theme
*theme = OpenThemeData(hwnddc, L"button");
if (*theme != NULL) // use the theme
return newCheckboxImageList(hwnddc, themeSize, themeImage, *theme);
panic("error loading theme");
return NULL; // unreached
}