修改
未使用的cmp指令会导致NullPointerException。
What are these strange cmp [ecx], ecx instructions doing in my C# code?
原始帖子（下面更多编辑）
我试图理解JIT编译代码的方式。
在内存中我有一个3字段。在c ++中比较两个这样的字段，我可以这样做：
return ((*(DWORD*)p) & 0xFFFFFF00) == ((*(DWORD*)q) & 0xFFFFFF00);
MSVC 2010将生成类似这样的内容（来自内存）：
1 mov edx,dword ptr [rsp+8]
2 and edx,0FFFFFF00h
3 mov ecx,dword ptr [rsp]
4 and ecx,0FFFFFF00h
5 cmp edx,ecx
在C＃中，我试图弄清楚如何尽可能地接近它。我们有很多1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8字节字段组成的记录。我已经在c＃中测试了很多不同的方法来构建一个更大的结构，使用这些大小的较小结构来表示记录。我对汇编代码不满意。现在我正在玩这样的事情：
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Size = 3)]
public unsafe struct KLF3
{
public fixed byte Field[3];
public bool Equals(ref KLF3 r)
{
fixed (byte* p = Field, q = r.Field)
{
return ((*(UInt32*)p) & 0xFFFFFF00) == ((*(UInt32*)q) & 0xFFFFFF00);
}
}
}
但我有两个问题。问题一是编译器生成了许多无用的代码：
fixed (byte* p = Field, q = r.Field)
1 sub rsp,18h
2 mov qword ptr [rsp+8],0
3 mov qword ptr [rsp],0
4 cmp byte ptr [rcx],0
5 mov qword ptr [rsp+8],rcx
6 cmp byte ptr [rdx],0
7 mov qword ptr [rsp],rdx
return ((*(UInt32*)p) & 0xFFFFFF00) == ((*(UInt32*)q) & 0xFFFFFF00);
8 mov rax,qword ptr [rsp+8]
9 mov edx,dword ptr [rax]
10 and edx,0FFFFFF00h
11 mov rax,qword ptr [rsp]
12 mov ecx,dword ptr [rax]
13 and ecx,0FFFFFF00h
14 xor eax,eax
15 cmp edx,ecx
16 sete al
17 add rsp,18h
18 ret
第2,3,4,5,6,7行似乎没用，因为我们只能使用寄存器rcx和rdx而不需要第8行和第11行。第4行和第6行似乎没用，因为没有使用结果cmp。我在.net代码中看到了很多这些无用的cmps。
问题二是我无法让编译器内联Equals函数。事实上，我很难看到任何内联。
有什么提示可以更好地编译吗？我正在使用visual studio 2010和.net版本4.我正在努力安装4.5和visual studio 2013，但这可能需要几天时间。
修改
所以我尝试了一堆替代品
这会产生更好看的代码，但仍然有点长：
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Size = 3, Pack = 1)]
public unsafe struct KLF31
{
public UInt16 pos0_1;
public byte pos2;
public bool Equals(ref KLF31 r)
{
return pos0_1 == r.pos0_1 && pos2 == r.pos2;
}
}
return pos0_1 == r.pos0_1 && pos2 == r.pos2;
00000000 mov r8,rdx
00000003 mov rdx,rcx
00000006 movzx ecx,word ptr [rdx]
00000009 movzx eax,word ptr [r8]
0000000d cmp ecx,eax
0000000f jne 0000000000000025
00000011 movzx ecx,byte ptr [rdx+2]
00000015 movzx eax,byte ptr [r8+2]
0000001a xor edx,edx
0000001c cmp ecx,eax
0000001e sete dl
00000021 mov al,dl
00000023 jmp 0000000000000027
00000025 xor eax,eax
00000027 rep ret
这个非常精简，除了结构大小是4个字节而不是3个。
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit, Size = 3, Pack = 1)]
public unsafe struct KLF33
{
[FieldOffset(0)] public UInt32 pos0_3;
public bool Equals(ref KLF33 r)
{
return (pos0_3 & 0xFFFFFF00) == (r.pos0_3 & 0xFFFFFF00);
}
}
return (pos0_3 & 0xFFFFFF00) == (r.pos0_3 & 0xFFFFFF00);
00000000 mov rax,rdx
00000003 mov edx,dword ptr [rcx]
00000005 and edx,0FFFFFF00h
0000000b mov ecx,dword ptr [rax]
0000000d and ecx,0FFFFFF00h
00000013 xor eax,eax
00000015 cmp edx,ecx
00000017 sete al
0000001a ret
这个看起来就像蹩脚的固定字符数组，正如预期的那样：
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Size = 3, Pack = 1)]
public unsafe struct KLF34
{
public byte pos0, pos1, pos2;
public bool Equals(ref KLF34 r)
{
fixed (byte* p = &pos0, q = &r.pos0)
{
return ((*(UInt32*)p) & 0xFFFFFF00) == ((*(UInt32*)q) & 0xFFFFFF00);
}
}
}
fixed (byte* p = &pos0, q = &r.pos0)
00000000 sub rsp,18h
00000004 mov qword ptr [rsp+8],0
0000000d mov qword ptr [rsp],0
00000015 cmp byte ptr [rcx],0
00000018 mov qword ptr [rsp+8],rcx
0000001d cmp byte ptr [rdx],0
00000020 mov qword ptr [rsp],rdx
{
return ((*(UInt32*)p) & 0xFFFFFF00) == ((*(UInt32*)q) & 0xFFFFFF00);
00000024 mov rax,qword ptr [rsp+8]
00000029 mov edx,dword ptr [rax]
0000002b and edx,0FFFFFF00h
00000031 mov rax,qword ptr [rsp]
00000035 mov ecx,dword ptr [rax]
00000037 and ecx,0FFFFFF00h
0000003d xor eax,eax
0000003f cmp edx,ecx
00000041 sete al
00000044 add rsp,18h
00000048 ret
修改
在回应Hans时，这里是示例代码。
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
namespace ConsoleApplication2
{
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Size = 3)]
public unsafe struct KLF30
{
public fixed byte Field[3];
public bool Equals(ref KLF30 r)
{
fixed (byte* p = Field, q = r.Field)
{
return ((*(UInt32*)p) & 0xFFFFFF00) == ((*(UInt32*)q) & 0xFFFFFF00);
}
}
public bool Equals1(ref KLF30 r)
{
fixed (byte* p = Field, q = r.Field)
{
return p[0] == q[0] && p[1] == q[1] && p[2] == q[2];
}
}
public bool Equals2(ref KLF30 r)
{
fixed (byte* p = Field, q = r.Field)
{
return p[0] == q[0] && p[1] == q[1] && p[2] == q[2];
}
}
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Size = 3, Pack = 1)]
public unsafe struct KLF31
{
public UInt16 pos0_1;
public byte pos2;
public bool Equals(ref KLF31 r)
{
return pos0_1 == r.pos0_1 && pos2 == r.pos2;
}
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Size = 3, Pack = 1)]
public unsafe struct KLF32
{
public fixed byte Field[3];
public bool Equals(ref KLF32 r)
{
fixed (byte* p = Field, q = r.Field)
{
return EqualsImpl(p, q);
}
}
private bool EqualsImpl(byte* p, byte* q)
{
return (*(uint*)p & 0xffffff) == (*(uint*)q & 0xffffff);
}
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit, Size = 3, Pack = 1)]
public unsafe struct KLF33
{
[FieldOffset(0)]
public UInt32 pos0_3;
public bool Equals(ref KLF33 r)
{
return (pos0_3 & 0xFFFFFF00) == (r.pos0_3 & 0xFFFFFF00);
}
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Size = 3, Pack = 1)]
public unsafe struct KLF34
{
public byte pos0, pos1, pos2;
public bool Equals(ref KLF34 r)
{
fixed (byte* p = &pos0, q = &r.pos0)
{
return ((*(UInt32*)p) & 0xFFFFFF00) == ((*(UInt32*)q) & 0xFFFFFF00);
}
}
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)]
public struct Klf
{
[FieldOffset(0)] public char pos0;
[FieldOffset(1)] public char pos1;
[FieldOffset(2)] public char pos2;
[FieldOffset(3)] public char pos3;
[FieldOffset(4)] public char pos4;
[FieldOffset(5)] public char pos5;
[FieldOffset(6)] public char pos6;
[FieldOffset(7)] public char pos7;
[FieldOffset(0)] public UInt16 pos0_1;
[FieldOffset(2)] public UInt16 pos2_3;
[FieldOffset(4)] public UInt16 pos4_5;
[FieldOffset(6)] public UInt16 pos6_7;
[FieldOffset(0)] public UInt32 pos0_3;
[FieldOffset(4)] public UInt32 pos4_7;
[FieldOffset(0)] public UInt64 pos0_7;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Size = 3)]
public unsafe struct KLF35
{
public Klf Field;
public bool Equals(ref KLF35 r)
{
return (Field.pos0_3 & 0xFFFFFF00) == (r.Field.pos0_3 & 0xFFFFFF00);
}
}
public unsafe class KlrAAFI
{
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 1)]
public struct _AAFI
{
public KLF30 AirlineCxrCode0;
public KLF31 AirlineCxrCode1;
public KLF32 AirlineCxrCode2;
public KLF33 AirlineCxrCode3;
public KLF34 AirlineCxrCode4;
public KLF35 AirlineCxrCode5;
}
public KlrAAFI(byte* pData)
{
Data = (_AAFI*)pData;
}
public _AAFI* Data;
public int Size = sizeof(_AAFI);
}
class Program
{
static unsafe void Main(string[] args)
{
byte* foo = stackalloc byte[256];
var a1 = new KlrAAFI(foo);
var a2 = new KlrAAFI(foo);
var p1 = a1.Data;
var p2 = a2.Data;
//bool f01= p1->AirlineCxrCode0.Equals (ref p2->AirlineCxrCode0);
//bool f02= p1->AirlineCxrCode0.Equals1(ref p2->AirlineCxrCode0);
//bool f03= p1->AirlineCxrCode0.Equals2(ref p2->AirlineCxrCode0);
//bool f1 = p1->AirlineCxrCode1.Equals (ref p2->AirlineCxrCode1);
bool f2 = p1->AirlineCxrCode2.Equals (ref p2->AirlineCxrCode2);
//bool f3 = p1->AirlineCxrCode3.Equals (ref p2->AirlineCxrCode3);
//bool f4 = p1->AirlineCxrCode4.Equals (ref p2->AirlineCxrCode4);
//bool f5 = p1->AirlineCxrCode5.Equals (ref p2->AirlineCxrCode5);
//int q = f01 | f02 | f03 | f1 | f2 | f3 | f4 ? 0 : 1;
int q = f2 ? 0 : 1;
Console.WriteLine("{0} {1} {2} {3} {4} {5}",
sizeof(KLF30), sizeof(KLF31), sizeof(KLF32), sizeof(KLF33), sizeof(KLF34), sizeof(KLF35));
Console.WriteLine("{0}", q);
}
}
}
当我用除了f2之外的所有内容编译时，我得到了这个：
var p1 = a1.Data;
0000007b mov rax,qword ptr [rdi+8]
var p2 = a2.Data;
0000007f mov rcx,qword ptr [rbx+8]
bool f2 = p1->AirlineCxrCode2.Equals (ref p2->AirlineCxrCode2);
00000083 cmp byte ptr [rax],0
00000086 add rax,10h
0000008c cmp byte ptr [rcx],0
0000008f add rcx,10h
00000093 xor edx,edx
00000095 mov qword ptr [rbp],rdx
00000099 mov qword ptr [rbp+8],rdx
0000009d cmp byte ptr [rax],0
000000a0 mov qword ptr [rbp],rax
000000a4 cmp byte ptr [rcx],0
000000a7 mov qword ptr [rbp+8],rcx
000000ab mov rax,qword ptr [rbp]
000000af mov rcx,qword ptr [rbp+8]
000000b3 mov edx,dword ptr [rax]
000000b5 and edx,0FFFFFFh
000000bb mov ecx,dword ptr [rcx]
000000bd and ecx,0FFFFFFh
000000c3 xor eax,eax
000000c5 cmp edx,ecx
000000c7 sete al
000000ca movzx ecx,al
000000cd movzx eax,cl
如果你仔细观察集会，就会像Hans所说的那样内联，但大多数人并没有做任何事情。查看000000c5之前的所有无用的cmp语句。看看它将相同的值移入和移出rbp和rbp + 8的次数。也许我不明白其实用性。
如果你注释掉除f1以外的所有内容，我会得到：
var p1 = a1.Data;
00000071 mov rdx,qword ptr [rdi+8]
var p2 = a2.Data;
00000075 mov r8,qword ptr [rbx+8]
bool f1 = p1->AirlineCxrCode1.Equals (ref p2->AirlineCxrCode1);
00000079 cmp byte ptr [rdx],0
0000007c cmp byte ptr [r8],0
00000080 movzx ecx,word ptr [rdx+8]
00000084 movzx eax,word ptr [r8+8]
00000089 cmp ecx,eax
0000008b jne 00000000000000A2
0000008d movzx ecx,byte ptr [rdx+0Ah]
00000091 movzx eax,byte ptr [r8+0Ah]
00000096 xor edx,edx
00000098 cmp ecx,eax
0000009a sete dl
0000009d movzx eax,dl
000000a0 jmp 00000000000000A4
000000a2 xor eax,eax
仍有无用的cmp instr 79,7c，但开销要少得多。
在这种情况下，修复似乎会产生很多（无用的？）asm。
答案 0 :(得分：8)
是的，优化器在这段代码中挣扎，对钉扎并不是很满意。您可以通过编写单独的方法来解决问题：
public bool Equals(ref KLF3 r) {
fixed (byte* p = Field, q = r.Field) {
return EqualsImpl(p, q);
}
}
private unsafe bool EqualsImpl(byte* p, byte* q) {
return (*(uint*)p & 0xffffff) == (*(uint*)q & 0xffffff);
}
明白这一点：
0000006b mov rax,qword ptr [rsp+20h]
00000070 mov rcx,qword ptr [rsp+28h]
00000075 mov edx,dword ptr [rax]
00000077 and edx,0FFFFFFh
0000007d mov ecx,dword ptr [rcx]
0000007f and ecx,0FFFFFFh
00000085 xor eax,eax
00000087 cmp edx,ecx
00000089 sete al
0000008c movzx ecx,al
0000008f movzx ecx,cl
在调用方法中生成内联。同样非常重要的是，您要分析一个没有通过ref传递参数的版本，应该更快，并且您当前的版本会导致太多意外。我改变了你的位掩码，它们应该是小端机器上的0xffffff。