Question

我正在尝试使用vobject库生成vcard，但我遇到了几个问题。

首先，我尝试使用url和base64数据添加照片，但我无法将照片显示在OS X联系人应用程序（Mavericks）或运行Android 4.4.2的Galaxy S4上。我甚至在运行Windows Phone 8.1的Lumia 1520上试过这个，但无济于事。

代码如下：

card = vobject.vCard()

attr = card.add('n')
attr.value = vobject.vcard.Name(family=agent.last_name, given=agent.first_name)

attr = card.add('fn')
attr.value = agent.get_full_name()

attr = card.add('email')
attr.value = agent.email_address
attr.type_param = 'INTERNET'

attr = card.add('tel')
attr.value = agent.cell_number
attr.type_param = 'cell'

attr = card.add('tel')
attr.value = branch.get_telephone_number()
attr.type_param = 'work'

attr = card.add('org')
attr.value = "Moe's Co"

photo_url = "http://www.abcrealestate.co.za/resize/100/150/uploads/agents/2012/03/testagent.jpg"
f = urllib.urlopen(photo_url)
data = f.read()
f.close()

attr = card.add('photo')
attr.type_param = 'JPEG'
attr.value = photo_url

response = HttpResponse(mimetype='text/x-vcard')
response['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment; filename="%s.vcf"' % agent.get_full_name()
response.write(card.serialize())

return response

这将生成以下文件：

BEGIN:VCARD
VERSION:3.0
EMAIL;TYPE=INTERNET:test@example.com
FN:Abad Muhammed
N:Muhammed;Abad
ORG:M;o;e;';s; ;C;o
PHOTO;TYPE=JPEG:http://www.abcrealestate.co.za/resize/100/150/uploads/agents/2012/03/testagent.jpg
TEL;TYPE=cell:012 345 6789
TEL;TYPE=work:012 345 6789
END:VCARD

上述方法将图像的URL作为照片放置。基础64实现的代码（有关详细信息，请参阅here）如下所示：

photo_url = "http://www.abcrealestate.co.za/resize/100/150/uploads/agents/2012/03/testagent.jpg"
f = urllib.urlopen(photo_url)
data = f.read()
f.close()

attr = vcard.add('photo')
attr.type_param = 'jpeg'
attr.encoding_param = 'b'
attr.value = base64.encodestring(data)

结果：

BEGIN:VCARD
VERSION:3.0
EMAIL;TYPE=INTERNET:test@example.com
FN:Abad Muhammed
N:Muhammed;Abad
ORG:M;o;e;';s; ;C;o
PHOTO;TYPE=jpeg;ENCODING=b:/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wBDAAMCAgMCAgMDAwMEAwMEBQgFBQQEBQoHBwYIDAoMDAsK
CwsNDhIQDQ4RDgsLEBYQERMUFRUVDA8XGBYUGBIUFRT/2wBDAQMEBAUEBQkFBQkUDQsNFBQUFBQU
FBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBT/wAARCACWAGQDASIA
AhEBAxEB/8QAHwAAAQUBAQEBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAECAwQFBgcICQoL/8QAtRAAAgEDAwIEAwUFBAQA
AAF9AQIDAAQRBRIhMUEGE1FhByJxFDKBkaEII0KxwRVS0fAkM2JyggkKFhcYGRolJicoKSo0NTY3
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TEL;TYPE=cell:012 345 6789
TEL;TYPE=work:012 345 6789
END:VCARD

除了两张照片都没有显示外，我还注意到设置为“Moe's Co”的公司名称在输出文件中的每个字符之间都有半冒号。

有人能指出我做错了什么吗？任何建议将不胜感激。

提前致谢。

Answer 1

在第二种情况下，您对Base64数据进行了双重编码。您无需在base64.encodestring上使用data，因为vobject代码会在设置encoding_param = 'b'时为您执行此操作。在我查看消息来源以发现正在发生的事情之前，这一点并不明显。

至于您使用基于URL的方法的第一种情况，我还没有看到一个客户端（Ubuntu上的Evolution，Win 7上的Outlook 2010）在vCard中正常工作。您的客户正在忽略该URL，我的也是。

http://microformats.org/wiki/vcard-implementations处的vCard实施摘要提供了关于不同应用程序中的怪癖的想法，但它并不完整。

Answer 2

对于公司名称，值应为数组（例如，您可以在公司内部拥有一个部门）。所以只需将公司名称括在括号中：

attr = card.add('org')
attr.value = ["Moe's Co"]

Answer 3

要获取图像数据，请改用请求库。就像提到的@davidjb一样，您无需将其编码为base64。

import requests
attr.value = requests.get(photo_url).content

Python / Django - Vcard照片

3 个答案: