__typeof变量和printf

时间:2014-08-22 10:34:40

标签: c gcc printf

如果我使用__typeof__ / typeof来定义通用宏,有没有办法以通用的方式选择printf转换说明符?

我的意思是,例如:

#define max(a,b) \
 ({ typeof (a) _a = (a); \
    typeof (b) _b = (b); \
    DEBUG(( "%" __PRI_TYPE_PREFIX(a) > "%" __PRI_TYPE_PREFIX(b) "?", _a, _b)) \  <-- hypothetical
    _a > _b ? _a : _b; })

可能吗?

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

您可以使用C11的_Generic功能来执行此操作,例如

#define printf_dec_format(x) _Generic((x), \
    char: "%c", \
    signed char: "%hhd", \
    unsigned char: "%hhu", \
    signed short: "%hd", \
    unsigned short: "%hu", \
    signed int: "%d", \
    unsigned int: "%u", \
    long int: "%ld", \
    unsigned long int: "%lu", \
    long long int: "%lld", \
    unsigned long long int: "%llu", \
    float: "%f", \
    double: "%f", \
    long double: "%Lf", \
    char *: "%s", \
    void *: "%p")

#define print(x) printf(printf_dec_format(x), x)

(例子来自:Rob's Programming Blog

答案 1 :(得分:2)

#include <stdio.h>

#define FMT(_pre_, x, _post_) _Generic((x), \
  char: _pre_ "%c" _post_, \
  int: _pre_ "%d" _post_, \
  long: _pre_ "%ld" _post_)

int main()
{
  int x = 42;
  long y = 432144312432321;
  printf(FMT("foo: ", x, "\n"), x);
  printf(FMT("bar: ", y, "\n"), y);
  return 0;
}

前后的东西有点难看,但我还没有找到更好的方法。我们不能依赖C预处理器中的字符串连接,因为编译器会对_Generic进行评估,为时已晚。

答案 2 :(得分:2)

例如,使用C11 _Generic(必须完成以完成检查):

#define DEBUG_INT(a, b)     DEBUG("%d %d?", (a), (b))
#define DEBUG_DOUBLE(a, b)  DEBUG("%f %f?", (a), (b))
#define FAIL(a, b)          assert(0)

#define max(a,b) \
 ({ typeof (a) _a = (a); \
    typeof (b) _b = (b); \
    _Generic((_a), int: DEBUG_INT, double: DEBUG_DOUBLE, default: FAIL))(_a, _b); \
    _a > _b ? _a : _b; })

或使用__builtin_types_compatible_p gcc扩展程序:

#define max(a,b) \
 ({ typeof (a) _a = (a); \
    typeof (b) _b = (b); \
    if (__builtin_types_compatible_p(typeof(int), _a) && __builtin_types_compatible_p(typeof(int), _a))  DEBUG_INT(_a, _b);  \
    else if  (__builtin_types_compatible_p(typeof(double), _a) && __builtin_types_compatible_p(typeof(double), _a))  DEBUG_DOUBLE(_a, _b); \
    else FAIL(_a, _b);
    _a > _b ? _a : _b; })